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Cojocaru E, Cojocaru T, Pînzariu GM, Vasiliu I, Armașu I, Cojocaru C. Perspectives on Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment. J Pers Med 2023; 14:51. [PMID: 38248752 PMCID: PMC10817460 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, a critical outcome of chronic inflammatory diseases, has gained prominence in the context of post-coronavirus (post-COVID-19) complications. This review delves into the multifaceted landscape of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and highlighting promising therapeutic avenues. Examining the aftermath of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the review reveals key signaling pathways implicated in the fibrotic cascade. Drawing parallels with previous coronavirus outbreaks enhances our understanding of the distinctive features of post-COVID-19 fibrosis. Antifibrotic drugs, like pirfenidone and nintedanib, take center stage; their mechanisms of action and potential applications in post-COVID-19 cases are thoroughly explored. Beyond the established treatments, this review investigates emerging therapeutic modalities, including anti-interleukin agents, immunosuppressants, and experimental compounds, like buloxybutide, saracatinib, sirolimus, and resveratrol. Emphasizing the critical importance of early intervention, this review highlights the dynamic nature of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis research. In conclusion, the synthesis of current knowledge offers a foundation for advancing our approaches to the prevention and treatment of these consequential sequelae of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cojocaru
- Morpho-Functional Sciences II Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (I.V.)
| | - Tudor Cojocaru
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.M.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Giulia Mihaela Pînzariu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.M.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ioana Vasiliu
- Morpho-Functional Sciences II Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (I.V.)
| | - Ioana Armașu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.M.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Cristian Cojocaru
- Medical III Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Soler-Vázquez MC, Romero MDM, Todorcevic M, Delgado K, Calatayud C, Benitez-Amaro A, La Chica Lhoëst MT, Mera P, Zagmutt S, Bastías-Pérez M, Ibeas K, Casals N, Escolà-Gil JC, Llorente-Cortés V, Consiglio A, Serra D, Herrero L. Implantation of CPT1AM-expressing adipocytes reduces obesity and glucose intolerance in mice. Metab Eng 2023; 77:256-272. [PMID: 37088334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities are a rising global health and social issue, with novel therapeutic approaches urgently needed. Adipose tissue plays a key role in the regulation of energy balance and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) have gained great interest in cell therapy. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the gatekeeper enzyme for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Here, we aimed to generate adipocytes expressing a constitutively active CPT1A form (CPT1AM) that can improve the obese phenotype in mice after their implantation. AT-MSCs were differentiated into mature adipocytes, subjected to lentivirus-mediated expression of CPT1AM or the GFP control, and subcutaneously implanted into mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). CPT1AM-implanted mice showed lower body weight, hepatic steatosis and serum insulin and cholesterol levels alongside improved glucose tolerance. HFD-induced increases in adipose tissue hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis were reduced in CPT1AM-implanted mice. In addition, the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was enhanced in the adipose tissue of CPT1AM-implanted mice. Our results demonstrate that implantation of CPT1AM-expressing AT-MSC-derived adipocytes into HFD-fed mice improves the obese metabolic phenotype, supporting the future clinical use of this ex vivo gene therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Soler-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marijana Todorcevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katia Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Calatayud
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, E-08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa La Chica Lhoëst
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianela Bastías-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Ibeas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain; Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), E-08195, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, E-08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Luna M, Pereira S, Saboya C, Cruz S, Matos A, Ramalho A. Body Composition, Basal Metabolic Rate and Leptin in Long-Term Weight Regain After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Are Similar to Pre-surgical Obesity. Obes Surg 2021; 32:302-310. [PMID: 34787767 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and serum concentrations of leptin with long-term weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and compare it with obesity before surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective longitudinal analytical study. Three groups were formed: individuals 60 months post RYGB, with weight regain (G1) and without it (G2), and individuals with obesity who had not undergone bariatric surgery (G3). Body fat (BF), body fat mass (BFM), visceral fat (VF), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and BMR were assessed by octapolar and multi-frequency electrical bioimpedance. Fasting serum concentrations of leptin were measured. RESULTS Seventy-two individuals were included, 24 in each group. Higher means of BF, BFM, VF, and leptin levels were observed in G1, when compared to G2 (BF: 47.5 ± 5.6 vs. 32.0 ± 8.0, p < 0.05; FBM: 47.8 ± 11.6 vs. 23.9 ± 7.0, p < 0.05; VF: 156.8 ± 30.2 vs. 96.1 ± 23.8, p < 0.05; leptin: 45,251.2 pg/mL ± 20,071.8 vs. 11,525.7 pg/mL ± 9177.5, p < 0.000). G1 and G2 did not differ in FFM, SMM, and BMR. G1 and G3 were similar according to BF, FFM, BMR, and leptin levels. Body composition, but not leptin, was correlated with %weight regain in G1 (FBM: r = 0.666, p < 0.000; BF: r = 0.428, p = 0.037; VF: r = 0.544, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Long-term weight regain after RYGB is similar to pre-surgical obesity in body composition, BMR, and leptin concentrations, indicating relapse of metabolic and hormonal impairments associated with excessive body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Luna
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Medical School, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321044-020, Brazil. .,Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Pereira
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Saboya
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Cruz
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea Matos
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil.,Social Applied Nutrition Department, Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Cidade, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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Cho W, Kim BS, Ahn M, Ryu YH, Ha D, Kong JS, Rhie J, Cho D. Flexible Adipose-Vascular Tissue Assembly Using Combinational 3D Printing for Volume-Stable Soft Tissue Reconstruction. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001693. [PMID: 33236508 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new concept, assembling cell-laden tissue modules, is for the first time proposed for soft tissue engineering. Adipose-vascular tissue modules composed of a synthetic polymer-based substructure and customized bioinks using planar 3D cell printing are engineered. Such tissue modules are systematically assembled into a synthetic polymer-based module holder fabricated with rotational 3D printing, resulting in the development of a flexible and volumetric tissue assembly. Whereas most of the previous studies about the construction of adipose tissue are limited to hypoxia, poor vascularization, rapid resorption, and mismatch in mechanical properties, it is aimed to realize the construction of nonhypoxic, flexible, and volume-stable tissue assembly in this study. The significance of engineered tissue assembly is proven through various in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In particular, stable volume and remarkable neovascularization/adipogenesis are observed in the implanted assembly over four weeks. Interestingly, the size of newly formed lipid droplets and the remodeled morphology in the assembly are comparable to those in native adipose tissue. As far as it is known, this work is a first report suggesting a cell printing-based tissue assembly for functional reconstruction of soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won‐Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐gu Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
- POSTECH‐Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute POSTECH Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- POSTECH‐Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute POSTECH Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
- Future IT Innovation Laboratory POSTECH 77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐gu Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐gu Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
- POSTECH‐Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute POSTECH Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Ryu
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea 222, Banpo‐daero Seoul 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Heon Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐gu Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
- EDmicBio Inc. 26, Kyungheedae‐ro, Dongdaemun‐gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sik Kong
- POSTECH‐Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute POSTECH Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering POSTECH 77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐gu Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Won Rhie
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Seoul St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea 222, Banpo‐daero Seoul 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐gu Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
- POSTECH‐Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute POSTECH Pohang Kyungbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
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