The usefulness of tranexamic acid for bleeding symptoms of chronic consumptive coagulopathy complicated by aortic disease: a single-institute, retrospective study of 14 patients

Clinical practice guidelines for management of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Japan 2024. Part 3: solid cancers and vascular abnormalities

This study discusses disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with solid cancers and various vascular abnormalities, both of which generally exhibit chronic DIC patterns. Solid cancers are among the most significant underlying diseases that induce DIC. However, the severity, bleeding tendency, and progression of DIC vary considerably depending on the type and stage of the cancer, making generalization difficult. Moreover, during the process of creating these guidelines, it became apparent that despite solid cancers being a major underlying condition for DIC, there is a lack of high-quality research on DIC associated with solid cancers. Nevertheless, we developed recommendations for clinical questions (CQs) regarding the use of heparin and recombinant thrombomodulin. Additionally, statements concerning these five questions were provided. DIC associated with various vascular abnormalities, is characterized by hyperfibrinolytic activity and linked to underlying conditions such as aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, vasculitis syndromes, and vascular malformations. These conditions must always be considered differential diagnoses when unexplained thrombocytopenia or bleeding tendencies are observed. Although no evidence was found to support the assignment of recommendation levels, three statements were made. However, traumatic vascular abnormalities have not been discussed in this context.

The two therapeutic strategies of surgical intervention and medical management in a patient with enhanced-fibrinolytic type of disseminated intravascular coagulation after aortic replacement for Stanford type A aortic dissection with chronic heart and renal failure

BACKGROUND

Management of the enhanced-fibrinolytic type of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) caused by aortic disorders is the two strategies of surgical intervention and medical treatment based on the patient's age and comorbidities.

CASE PRESENTATION

An 81-year-old woman with a history of two previous aortic surgeries and chronic heart and renal failure was admitted for uncontrollable subcutaneous hemorrhage. The hemorrhage was caused by the enhanced-fibrinolytic type of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) caused by periprosthetic graft hematoma after aortic replacement for Stanford type A aortic dissection. Open thoracic hemostasis temporarily controlled the subcutaneous hemorrhage, but she was readmitted for the recurrence seven months after discharge. On the second admission, the combination of anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic agents was successful.

CONCLUSION

Management of the enhanced-fibrinolytic type of DIC caused by aortic disorders is important of a successful combination of surgical and medical therapy tailored the patient's condition.