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Perica T, Mathy CJP, Xu J, Jang GM, Zhang Y, Kaake R, Ollikainen N, Braberg H, Swaney DL, Lambright DG, Kelly MJS, Krogan NJ, Kortemme T. Systems-level effects of allosteric perturbations to a model molecular switch. Nature 2021; 599:152-157. [PMID: 34646016 PMCID: PMC8571063 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular switch proteins whose cycling between states is controlled by opposing regulators1,2 are central to biological signal transduction. As switch proteins function within highly connected interaction networks3, the fundamental question arises of how functional specificity is achieved when different processes share common regulators. Here we show that functional specificity of the small GTPase switch protein Gsp1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (the homologue of the human protein RAN)4 is linked to differential sensitivity of biological processes to different kinetics of the Gsp1 (RAN) switch cycle. We make 55 targeted point mutations to individual protein interaction interfaces of Gsp1 (RAN) and show through quantitative genetic5 and physical interaction mapping that Gsp1 (RAN) interface perturbations have widespread cellular consequences. Contrary to expectation, the cellular effects of the interface mutations group by their biophysical effects on kinetic parameters of the GTPase switch cycle and not by the targeted interfaces. Instead, we show that interface mutations allosterically tune the GTPase cycle kinetics. These results suggest a model in which protein partner binding, or post-translational modifications at distal sites, could act as allosteric regulators of GTPase switching. Similar mechanisms may underlie regulation by other GTPases, and other biological switches. Furthermore, our integrative platform to determine the quantitative consequences of molecular perturbations may help to explain the effects of disease mutations that target central molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Perica
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK,These authors contributed equally
| | - Christopher J. P. Mathy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jiewei Xu
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn M. Jang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robyn Kaake
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noah Ollikainen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hannes Braberg
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle L. Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David G. Lambright
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark J. S. Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA,Correspondence and Requests for Materials should be addressed to: Tanja Kortemme () and Nevan Krogan ()
| | - Tanja Kortemme
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Pickering KA, Gilroy K, Cassidy JW, Fey SK, Najumudeen AK, Zeiger LB, Vincent DF, Gay DM, Johansson J, Fordham RP, Miller B, Clark W, Hedley A, Unal EB, Kiel C, McGhee E, Machesky LM, Nixon C, Johnsson AE, Bain M, Strathdee D, van Hoof SR, Medema JP, Anderson KI, Brachmann SM, Stucke VM, Malliri A, Drysdale M, Turner M, Serrano L, Myant K, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ. A RAC-GEF network critical for early intestinal tumourigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:56. [PMID: 33397922 PMCID: PMC7782582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RAC1 activity is critical for intestinal homeostasis, and is required for hyperproliferation driven by loss of the tumour suppressor gene Apc in the murine intestine. To avoid the impact of direct targeting upon homeostasis, we reasoned that indirect targeting of RAC1 via RAC-GEFs might be effective. Transcriptional profiling of Apc deficient intestinal tissue identified Vav3 and Tiam1 as key targets. Deletion of these indicated that while TIAM1 deficiency could suppress Apc-driven hyperproliferation, it had no impact upon tumourigenesis, while VAV3 deficiency had no effect. Intriguingly, deletion of either gene resulted in upregulation of Vav2, with subsequent targeting of all three (Vav2-/- Vav3-/- Tiam1-/-), profoundly suppressing hyperproliferation, tumourigenesis and RAC1 activity, without impacting normal homeostasis. Critically, the observed RAC-GEF dependency was negated by oncogenic KRAS mutation. Together, these data demonstrate that while targeting RAC-GEF molecules may have therapeutic impact at early stages, this benefit may be lost in late stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Pickering
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - K Gilroy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - J W Cassidy
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - S K Fey
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - A K Najumudeen
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - L B Zeiger
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - D F Vincent
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - D M Gay
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - J Johansson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - R P Fordham
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - B Miller
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - W Clark
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - A Hedley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - E B Unal
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kiel
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E McGhee
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - L M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - C Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - A E Johnsson
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - M Bain
- IBAHCM and School of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - D Strathdee
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - S R van Hoof
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K I Anderson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - S M Brachmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse, 141, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - V M Stucke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse, 141, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Malliri
- CRUK Manchester Institute, 553 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - M Drysdale
- Broad Institute, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States
| | - M Turner
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - L Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Myant
- Edinburgh Research Centre, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - A D Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| | - O J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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