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McAuley EA, MacLaughlin HL, Hannan-Jones MT, King N, Ross LJ. Effectiveness of diet quality indices in measuring a change in diet quality over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:361-383. [PMID: 36102824 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Diet quality indices (DQIs) were developed to score and rank adherence to dietary patterns in observational studies, but their use to measure changes in diet quality in intervention trials is becoming common in the literature. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of DQIs to measure change in diet quality in intervention trials. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from January 1994 to June 2020. Two reviewers independently completed full-text screening. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that used validated a priori DQIs to measure change in diet quality in adults. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted by an independent reviewer and reviewed by the research team. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. DATA ANALYSIS The 34 included studies (52% of reviewed studies, 0.6% of initially identified studies) used 10 different DQIs, 7 of which were able to measure significant change in diet quality. Meta-analyses of pooled results demonstrated change in the Healthy Eating Index (MD 5.35; 95%CI, 2.74-7.97; P < 0.001) and the Mediterranean Dietary Adherence Screener (MD 1.61; 95%CI, 1.00-2.23; P < 0.001) scores. DQIs were more likely to measure change in diet quality if they reflected the diet pattern being implemented, if the intervention was significantly different from the baseline and control diets, and if the study was adequately powered to detect change. CONCLUSION DQIs are responsive to change in diet quality in intervention trials when the index used reflects the dietary changes made and the study is adequately powered. The appropriate selection of a DQI to suitably match dietary changes and study populations is important for future dietary intervention trials. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020181357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynn A McAuley
- are with the School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,are with the Department of Dietetics and Foodservices, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen L MacLaughlin
- are with the School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,are with the Department of Dietetics and Foodservices, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary T Hannan-Jones
- are with the School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,are with the Department of Dietetics and Foodservices, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil King
- are with the School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lynda J Ross
- are with the School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,are with the Department of Dietetics and Foodservices, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Zhang T, Huang J, Li Y, Zhong D, Wang S, Xu F, Zhang X, Feng Y, Yin J. Plasma Fatty Acids, Not Dietary Fatty Acids, Associated with Obesity in Four Ethnic Minority Groups Unique to Southwest China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3753-3765. [PMID: 36504638 PMCID: PMC9733631 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s386812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fatty acids (DFAs) and plasma fatty acids (PFAs) are linked to obesity. However, whether this association exists among ethnic minorities remains lacking. The present cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the correlation between DFAs, PFAs and obesity in four ethnic minority groups to Southwest China. METHODS A total of 166 obese people, and 166 normal-BMI subjects matched based on their age-, sex-, and ethnicity- were recruited from four different ethnic minority groups. DFAs were obtained through food frequency questionnaires. PFAs were assayed by GC/MS method. Binary and multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation among DFAs, PFAs and obesity. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was conducted to assess the relationship between DFAs and PFAs. RESULTS FAs were found to be highest in the Naxi people and lowest in the Hani people. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma C16:0 (OR = 1.310; 95% CI, 1.028-1.669) in the Hani people; plasma C20:3 n-6 (OR = 6.250; 95% CI, 1.224-31.927) and dietary C20:1 (OR = 9.231; 95% CI, 1.253-68.016) in the Wa people; plasma C18:0 (OR = 0.788; 95% CI, 0.681-0.912) in the Naxi people were seen to be independent predictive factors for obesity. CCA showed that DFAs were positively correlated with PFAs in the Naxi (r: 0.676; P < 0.05) and Bulang people (r: 0.897; P < 0.05), but there was no correlation in the Hani and Wa people. CONCLUSION In this study, PFAs but not DFAs were independently associated with obesity, and different among the four ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Ultrasonography Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanru Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dubo Zhong
- Yunnan Yunce Quality Inspection Limited Company, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songmei Wang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Xu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuemei Feng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Yuemei Feng, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13678754163, Email
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianzhong Yin, Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longyang District, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, 678000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13987645337, Email
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Hayes JF, Tate DF, Espeland MA, LaRose JG, Gorin AA, Lewis CE, Jelalian E, Bahnson J, Wing RR. Patterns of weight change in a weight gain prevention study for young adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1848-1856. [PMID: 34549535 PMCID: PMC8570998 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recovery from weight regain is uncommon during weight loss treatment. This study examined whether participants in a weight gain prevention intervention similarly struggle to recover following weight gains and which factors predict transitions. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP), a randomized controlled trial comparing two weight gain prevention interventions with a control group. Young adults (n = 599; age 18-35 years) were followed over 3 years. Markov models identified transition rates in going above and returning below baseline weight across follow-up. Logistic regressions identified predictors of transitions. RESULTS At each time point, approximately double the number of participants who transitioned from below to above baseline transitioned from above to below. The magnitude of weight changes from baseline and the number of weight loss strategies used predicted transitions from below to above and above to below baseline weight (with opposite relationships). Infrequent self-weighing and lower dietary restraint predicted transitions below to above baseline weight. Treatment arm, demographics, calorie consumption, and physical activity generally did not predict transitions. CONCLUSIONS Young adults engaging in weight gain prevention struggle to lose gained weight. Alternative strategies are needed to address weight gains in weight gain prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F. Hayes
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Deborah F. Tate
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jessica Gokee LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond
| | - Amy A. Gorin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Elissa Jelalian
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Judy Bahnson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Rena R. Wing
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Martin JC, Awoke MA, Misso ML, Moran LJ, Harrison CL. Preventing weight gain in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13280. [PMID: 34028958 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Weight gain prevention is a global public health priority to address escalating adiposity in adults. This review evaluates the efficacy of weight gain prevention trials targeting adults aged 18-50 years and adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Trials of any duration from inception to May 2020 that evaluated a weight gain prevention intervention (using either prescriptive diet, prescriptive physical activity, prescriptive diet, and/or physical activity or non-prescriptive lifestyle) and included weight or body mass index (weight [kg]/height [m2 ]) were eligible. Twenty-nine trials across 34 publications (participants n = 37,407) were included. Intervention resulted in less weight gain compared with controls (-1.15 kg [95% CI -1.50, -0.80 kg] p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated greater effectiveness with prescriptive (-1.60 kg [95% CI -2.00, -1.19] p < 0.001) compared with non-prescriptive (-0.81 kg [95% CI 1.10, -0.53] p < 0.001) intervention types. Interventions had greatest impact in healthy weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ) (-0.82 kg [95% CI -1.5, -0.50] p < 0.001) or overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2 ) (-1.48 kg [95% CI -1.85, -1.12] p < 0.001) compared with obese populations (≥30.0 kg/m2 ) (-0.56 kg [95% CI -1.40, 0.27] p = 0.19). These findings demonstrate that lifestyle intervention prevents cumulative weight gain in non-obese adults, with future research required to inform cost-effectiveness and implementation feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Martin
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mamaru Ayenew Awoke
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie L Misso
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheryce L Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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LaRose JG, Fava JL, Lanoye A, Caccavale LJ. Early Engagement is Associated with Better Weight Loss in Emerging Adults. Am J Health Behav 2019; 43:795-801. [PMID: 31239021 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.43.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Predictors of success among emerging adults (EAs; ages 18-25) within behavioral weight loss (BWL) trials are largely unknown. We examined whether early program engagement predicted overall engagement and weight loss in EAs. Methods: Data were pooled from 2 randomized controlled pilot trials in EAs. Participants (N = 99, 80% female, BMI = 33.7±5.1 kg/m²) received a 3-month BWL intervention. Weight was objectively assessed at 0 and 3 months; engagement was tracked weekly; retention was assessed at 3 months. Results: Greater engagement during the initial 4 weeks of treatment predicted greater weight loss (p = .001). Compared to those who did not engage in all 4 initial weeks, participants meeting this threshold experienced greater overall engagement (9.6 vs 4.2 weeks, p < .001), weight losses (intent-to-treat = -3.8% vs -1.3%, p = .004), and retention (78% vs 53%, p = .012). Conclusions: Early engagement in BWL is associated with better outcomes among EAs. Monitoring engagement in real-time during the initial 4 weeks of treatment may be necessary to intervene effectively. Early engagement did not vary by sex or race; future work should identify characteristics associated with poor early engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gokee LaRose
- Associate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Richmond, VA;,
| | - Joseph L. Fava
- Research Associate, The Miriam Hospital Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI
| | - Autumn Lanoye
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Richmond, VA
| | - Laura J. Caccavale
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Healthy Lifestyles Center, Richmond, VA
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