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Kawahara D, Watanabe Y. A simulation study on the radiation-induced immune response of tumors after single fraction high-dose irradiation. Phys Med 2024; 118:103205. [PMID: 38241939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated radiation-induced antitumor immunity and its suppression by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) for radiosurgery (SRS) using an improved cellular automata (CA) model. METHOD A two-dimensional Cellular Automata (CA) model was employed to simulate the impact of radiation on cancer cell death and subsequent immune responses. Cancer cells died from direct cell death from radiation and indirect cell death due to radiation-induced vascular damage. The model also incorporated radiation-induced immunity and immuno-suppression. It was incorporated into the model assuming that the death of cancer cells generates effector cells, forming complexes with cancer cells, and high radiation doses lead to vascular damage, inducing tumor hypoxia and increasing HIF-1α expression. The model was validated and subjected to sensitivity analysis by evaluating tumor volume changes post-irradiation and exploring the effects and sensitivity of radiation-induced immune responses. RESULTS The ratios of the tumor volume at 360 days post-irradiation and the SRS day (rTV) decreased with a higher PME, a higher Pcomp, and a lower ThHIF. The rTVs were 4.6 and 2.0 for PME = 0.1 and 0.9, 12.0 and 2.2 for Pcomp = 0.1 and 0.9, and 1.5 and 15.3 for ThHIF = 0.1 and 10.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS By modeling the activation and deactivation of the effectors, the improved CA model showed that the radiation-induced immunogenic cell death in the tumor caused a decrease in the post-irradiation volume by a factor of four for the therapeutic doses relative to non-immune reaction cases. Furthermore, the suppressive effects of HIF-1α induced by hypoxia decreased radiation-induced immune effects by more than 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawahara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Watanabe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC494, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Neeser A, Ramasubramanian R, Wang C, Ma L. Engineering enhanced chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for solid tumors. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2023; 19:100385. [PMID: 37483659 PMCID: PMC10362352 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The early clinical success and subsequent US Food and Drug Administration approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for leukemia and lymphoma affirm that engineered T cells can be a powerful treatment for hematologic malignancies. Yet this success has not been replicated in solid tumors. Numerous challenges emerged from clinical experience and well-controlled preclinical animal models must be met to enable safe and efficacious CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors. Here, we review recent advances in bioengineering strategies developed to enhance CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors, focusing on targeted single-gene perturbation, genetic circuits design, cytokine engineering, and interactive biomaterials. These bioengineering approaches present a unique set of tools that synergize with CAR-T cells to overcome obstacles in solid tumors and achieve robust and long-lasting therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Neeser
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - R. Ramasubramanian
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - C. Wang
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - L. Ma
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Cha S, Kim HG, Jang H, Lee J, Chao T, Baek NI, Song IS, Lee YM. Steppogenin suppresses tumor growth and sprouting angiogenesis through inhibition of HIF-1α in tumors and DLL4 activity in the endothelium. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154513. [PMID: 36332389 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of many solid tumors. As an adaptive response to hypoxia, tumor cells activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Under hypoxic conditions, angiogenesis mediated by HIF-1α is involved in the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. During the angiogenic process, differentiated tip endothelial cells (ECs) characterized by high expression of DLL4 promote angiogenic germination through filopodia. Inhibitors of HIF-1α or DLL4 have been widely studied PURPOSE: We tried to find inhibitors targeting both HIF-1α and DLL4 in tumor which have not yet been developed. STUDY DESIGN In this study, we examined a natural compound that inhibits sprouting angiogenesis and tumor growth by targeting both HIF-1α and DLL4 under hypoxic conditions. METHODS After examining cell viability of 70 selected natural compounds, we assessed the effects of compounds on HIF-1α and DLL4 transcriptional activity using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Western blot analysis, immunofluoresecnt assay and real-time qPCR were performed to identify expression of proteins, such as HIF-1α and DLL4, as well as HIF-1α target genes under hypoxic conditions. In vitro angiogenesis assay and in vivo allograft tumor experiment were performed to investigate inhibition of tumor growth through anti-angiogenic activity. RESULTS Among these compounds, steppogenin, which is extracted from the root bark of Morus alba l, respectively inhibited the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions in HEK293T cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced DLL4 expression in vascular ECs in a dose-dependent manner. In tumor cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells, steppogenin significantly suppressed HIF-1α protein levels under hypoxic conditions as well as VEGF-induced DLL4 expression in ECs. Furthermore, steppogenin suppressed hypoxia-induced vascular EC proliferation and migration as well as VEGF-induced sprouting of EC spheroids. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the natural compound steppogenin could potentially be used to treat angiogenic diseases, such as those involving solid tumors, because of its dual inhibition of HIF-1α and DLL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Cha
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Geun Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hyeonha Jang
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tang Chao
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Im-Sook Song
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography: A Non-Invasive Imaging Tool for the Distinction of Nevi and Melanomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010020. [PMID: 36612016 PMCID: PMC9817967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the rising melanoma incidence in recent decades and bad prognoses resulting from late diagnoses, distinguishing between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions has become essential. Unclear cases may require the aid of non-invasive imaging to reduce unnecessary biopsies. This multicentric, case-control study evaluated the potential of dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) to identify distinguishing microvascular features in nevi. A total of 167 nevi, including dysplastic ones, on 130 participants of all ages and sexes were examined by D-OCT and dermoscopy with a histological reference. Three blinded analyzers evaluated the lesions. Then, we compared the features to those in 159 melanomas of a prior D-OCT study and determined if a differential diagnosis was possible. We identified specific microvascular features in nevi and a differential diagnosis of melanomas and nevi was achieved with excellent predictive values. We conclude that D-OCT overcomes OCT´s inability to distinguish melanocytic lesions based on its focus on microvascularization. To determine if an addition to the gold standard of a clinical-dermoscopic examination improves the diagnosis of unclear lesions, further studies, including a larger sample of dysplastic nevi and artificial intelligence, should be conducted.
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Banerjee D, Singh YP, Datta P, Ozbolat V, O'Donnell A, Yeo M, Ozbolat IT. Strategies for 3D bioprinting of spheroids: A comprehensive review. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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The role of anti-tumor immunity of focused ultrasound for the malignancies: depended on the different ablation categories. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:1543-1553. [PMID: 35943643 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Improving anti-tumor immunity has promising outcomes in eradicating malignant tumors. Tumor cells can escape from immune surveillance and killing; therefore, various strategies are continuously developing to inhibit immune escape. Focused ultrasound (FUS) has recently emerged to play an important role in immune modulation. After FUS therapy, various tumor antigens and related signals are released. The non-thermal effect of FUS strengthens the blood and lymph circulation, increases cell permeability, and helps in crossing the physical barrier like the blood-brain barrier and blood-tumor barrier. However, the different ablation of FUS is proposed to have a different anti-tumor immune effect. Therefore, we categorized the FUS ablation into thermal and non-thermal ablation and summarized possible anti-tumor immunity mechanisms.
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Giordo R, Wehbe Z, Paliogiannis P, Eid AH, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. Nano-targeting vascular remodeling in cancer: Recent developments and future directions. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:784-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chang X, Liu X, Wang H, Yang X, Gu Y. Glycolysis in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:861-872. [PMID: 35261808 PMCID: PMC8900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, as a key hallmark of cancers, leads to the malignant behavior of pancreatic cancer, which is closely related to tumor development and progression, as well as the supportive tumor microenvironments. Although cells produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from glucose by glycolysis when lacking oxygen, pancreatic cancer cells elicit metabolic conversion from oxide phosphorylation to glycolysis, which is well-known as "Warburg effect". Glycolysis is critical for cancer cells to maintain their robust biosynthesis and energy requirement, and it could promote tumor initiation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis to distant organs. Multiple pathways are involved in the alternation of glycolysis for pancreatic cancer cells, including UHRF1/SIRT4 axis, PRMT5/FBW7/cMyc axis, JWA/AMPK/FOXO3a/FAK axis, KRAS/TP53/TIGAR axis, etc. These signaling pathways play an important role in glycolysis and are potential targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Mutations in glycolytic enzymes (such as LDH, PKM2, and PGK1) also contribute to the early diagnosis and monitoring of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarized the recent advances on the mechanisms for glycolysis in pancreatic cancer and the function of glycolysis in the progression of pancreatic cancer, which suggested new targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Chang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Haoze Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
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Redox-responsive nanoparticles enhance radiation therapy by altering multifaceted radio-resistance mechanisms in human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells and xenografts. Radiother Oncol 2022; 170:213-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Shao K, Zhang W, Shen J, He Y. Hypoxia-Activated Fluorescent Probe Based on Self-Immolative Block Copolymer. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100417. [PMID: 34981893 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a hypoxia-activated fluorescent probe for tumor imaging by using self-immolative block copolymer with azobenzene linkage. The water-soluble polymer composed of self-immolative building blocks shows no obvious fluorescence. Under the hypoxic microenvironment of tumor cells, the azobenzene is reduced by the overexpressed azoreductase, which will trigger a domino-like disassembly of the self-immolative polymer. The released building blocks from the self-immolative polymer emit strong fluorescence, which shows the potential application in tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanchun Shao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yaning He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Kawahara D, Nagata Y, Watanabe Y. Improved cellular automata model shows that indirect apoptotic cell death due to vascular damage enhances the local control of tumors by single fraction high-dose irradiation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 8. [PMID: 34920444 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of indirect apoptotic cell death due to vascular damage on tumor response to a single large dose with an improved two-dimensional cellular automata model. The tumor growth was simulated by considering the oxygen and nutrients supplied to the tumor through the blood vessels. The cell damage processes were modeled by taking account of the direct cell death and the indirect death due to the radiation-induced vascular damages. The radiation increased the permeation of oxygen and nutrients through the blood vessel or caused the breakdown of the vasculature. The amount of oxygen in cancer cells affected the response of cancer cells to radiation and the tumor growth rate after irradiation. The lack of oxygen led to the apoptotic death of cancer cells. We calculated the tumor control probability (TCP) at different radiation doses, the probability of apoptotic death, the threshold of the oxygen level for indirect apoptotic death, the average oxygen level in cancer cells and the vessel survival probability after radiation damage. Due to the vessel damage, indirect cell death led to a 4% increase in TCP for the dose ranging from 15 Gy to 20 Gy. TCP increased with increasing the probability of apoptotic death and the threshold of the oxygen level for indirect apoptotic death due to increased apoptotic death. The variation of TCP as a function of the average oxygen level exhibited the minimum at the average oxygen level of 2.7%. The apoptosis increased as the average oxygen level decreased, leading to an increasing TCP. On the other hand, the direct radiation damage increased, and the apoptosis decreased for higher average oxygen level, resulting in a higher TCP. We showed by modeling the radiation damage of blood vessels in a 2D CA simulation that the indirect apoptotic death of cancer cells, caused by the reduction of the oxygen level due to vascular damage after high dose irradiation, increased TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawahara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nagata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoichi Watanabe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC494, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America
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Rios-Colon L, Kumar P, Kim S, Sharma M, Su Y, Kumar A, Singh S, Stocks N, Liu L, Joshi M, Schlaepfer IR, Kumar D, Deep G. Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1 Regulates Prostate Cancer Growth under Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246302. [PMID: 34944922 PMCID: PMC8699124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cell survival in hypoxia areas, with low oxygen and food supply as well as abundant waste material, is critical to their aggressiveness and associated with disease relapse and mortality. Therefore, it is vital to understand the molecular regulators of cancer cell survival under these harsh physiological conditions. In the present study, we assessed the role of a mitochondrial protein carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1A) in regulating prostate cancer (PCa) cell survival and proliferation under hypoxic conditions in both cell culture and animal models. The results showed that CPT1A expression in PCa cells is key to their survival and proliferation in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. These results have high translational significance in improving cancer prognosis and therapy. Abstract Hypoxia and hypoxia-related biomarkers are the major determinants of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness. Therefore, a better understanding of molecular players involved in PCa cell survival under hypoxia could offer novel therapeutic targets. We previously reported a central role of mitochondrial protein carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1A) in PCa progression, but its role in regulating PCa survival under hypoxia remains unknown. Here, we employed PCa cells (22Rv1 and MDA-PCa-2b) with knockdown or overexpression of CPT1A and assessed their survival under hypoxia, both in cell culture and in vivo models. The results showed that CPT1A knockdown in PCa cells significantly reduced their viability, clonogenicity, and sphere formation under hypoxia, while its overexpression increased their proliferation, clonogenicity, and sphere formation. In nude mice, 22Rv1 xenografts with CPT1A knockdown grew significantly slower compared to vector control cells (~59% reduction in tumor volume at day 29). On the contrary, CPT1A-overexpressing 22Rv1 xenografts showed higher tumor growth compared to vector control cells (~58% higher tumor volume at day 40). Pathological analyses revealed lesser necrotic areas in CPT1A knockdown tumors and higher necrotic areas in CPT1A overexpressing tumors. Immunofluorescence analysis of tumors showed that CPT1A knockdown strongly compromised the hypoxic areas (pimonidazole+), while CPT1A overexpression resulted in more hypoxia areas with strong expression of proliferation biomarkers (Ki67 and cyclin D1). Finally, IHC analysis of tumors revealed a significant decrease in VEGF or VEGF-D expression but without significant changes in biomarkers associated with microvessel density. These results suggest that CPT1A regulates PCa survival in hypoxic conditions and might contribute to their aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslimar Rios-Colon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
- Division of Pathology, ICAR—Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Susy Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Mitu Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Nalexus Stocks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Molishree Joshi
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Isabel R. Schlaepfer
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +336-716-9363
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Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040862. [PMID: 33918883 PMCID: PMC8070386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma growth, invasiveness, and response to therapy. Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of skin cancer. Currently employed treatments, including BRAF V600E inhibitors and immune therapy, often are not effective due to a rapidly developing drug resistance. A variety of intracellular mechanisms impeding the treatment were discovered. However, the tumor microenvironment encompassing stromal and immune cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical conditions such as oxygen level or acidity, may also influence the therapy effectiveness. Hypoxia and acidification are able to reprogram the metabolism of melanoma cells, enhance their survival and invasiveness, as well as promote the immunosuppressive environment. For this reason, these physicochemical features of the melanoma niche and signaling pathways related to them emerge as potential therapeutic targets.
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Joiner JB, Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Dayton PA. Focused Ultrasound for Immunomodulation of the Tumor Microenvironment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 205:2327-2341. [PMID: 33077668 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) has recently emerged as a modulator of the tumor microenvironment, paving the way for FUS to become a safe yet formidable cancer treatment option. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the role of FUS in facilitating immune responses and overcoming drug delivery barriers. However, with the wide variety of FUS parameters used in diverse tumor types, it is challenging to pinpoint FUS specifications that may elicit the desired antitumor response. To clarify FUS bioeffects, we summarize four mechanisms of action, including thermal ablation, hyperthermia/thermal stress, mechanical perturbation, and histotripsy, each inducing unique vascular and immunological effects. Notable tumor responses to FUS include enhanced vascular permeability, increased T cell infiltration, and tumor growth suppression. In this review, we have categorized and reviewed recent methods of using therapeutic ultrasound to elicit an antitumor immune response with examples that reveal specific solutions and challenges in this new research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Joiner
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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15
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Komen J, van Neerven SM, van den Berg A, Vermeulen L, van der Meer AD. Mimicking and surpassing the xenograft model with cancer-on-chip technology. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103303. [PMID: 33773183 PMCID: PMC8024912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are in vitro models in which human tissues are cultured in microfluidic compartments with a controlled, dynamic micro-environment. Specific organs-on-chips are being developed to mimic human tumors, but the validation of such 'cancer-on-chip' models for use in drug development is hampered by the complexity and variability of human tumors. An important step towards validation of cancer-on-chip technology could be to first mimic cancer xenograft models, which share multiple characteristics with human cancers but are significantly less complex. Here we review the relevant biological characteristics of a xenograft tumor and show that organ-on-chip technology is capable of mimicking many of these aspects. Actual comparisons between on-chip tumor growth and xenografts are promising but also demonstrate that further development and empirical validation is still needed. Validation of cancer-on-chip models to xenografts would not only represent an important milestone towards acceptance of cancer-on-chip technology, but could also improve drug discovery, personalized cancer medicine, and reduce animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Komen
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Sanne M van Neerven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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16
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Harper K, Yatsyna A, Charbonneau M, Brochu-Gaudreau K, Perreault A, Jeldres C, McDonald PP, Dubois CM. The Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Tumor Assay as a Relevant In Vivo Model to Study the Impact of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051093. [PMID: 33806378 PMCID: PMC7961795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor known to be closely associated with tumor progression and metastasis. However, existing animal models with the ability to recreate the tumor hypoxic microenvironment have disadvantages that limit our ability to understand and target this pathological condition. The chicken ChorioAllantoic Membrane (CAM) assay is increasingly used as a rapid cost-effective drug-testing model that recapitulates many aspects of human cancers. Whether this model recreates the hypoxic environment of tumors remains understudied. Here, we demonstrate that the CAM model effectively supports the development of hypoxic zones in a variety of tumor types. Treatment of tumors with angiogenesis inhibitors or inducers significantly modulated the formation of hypoxic zones as well as tumor progression and metastasis. Our findings suggest that the CAM-based tumor model is a relevant in vivo platform to further understand the pathological responses to hypoxia and test therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting hypoxic cancers. Abstract Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment is a negative prognostic factor associated with tumor progression and metastasis, and therefore represents an attractive therapeutic target for anti-tumor therapy. To test the effectiveness of novel hypoxia-targeting drugs, appropriate preclinical models that recreate tumor hypoxia are essential. The chicken ChorioAllantoic Membrane (CAM) assay is increasingly used as a rapid cost-effective in vivo drug-testing platform that recapitulates many aspects of human cancers. However, it remains to be determined whether this model recreates the hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors. To detect hypoxia in the CAM model, the hypoxic marker pimonidazole was injected into the vasculature of tumor-bearing CAM, and hypoxia-dependent gene expression was analyzed. We observed that the CAM model effectively supports the development of hypoxic zones in a variety of human tumor cell line-derived and patient’s tumor fragment-derived xenografts. The treatment of both patient and cell line-derived CAM xenografts with modulators of angiogenesis significantly altered the formation of hypoxic zones within the xenografts. Furthermore, the changes in hypoxia translated into modulated levels of chick liver metastasis as measured by Alu-based assay. These findings demonstrate that the CAM xenograft model is a valuable in vivo platform for studying hypoxia that could facilitate the identification and testing of drugs targeting this tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Harper
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Yatsyna
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Martine Charbonneau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Karine Brochu-Gaudreau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexis Perreault
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Claudio Jeldres
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada;
| | - Patrick P. McDonald
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada;
| | - Claire M. Dubois
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Hansem LMK, Rofstad EK. Intravital microscopy of tumor vessel morphology and function using a standard fluorescence microscope. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3089-3100. [PMID: 33606081 PMCID: PMC8426228 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the performance and possible applications of an intravital microscopy assay using a standard fluorescence microscope. Methods Melanoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts were initiated in dorsal window chambers and subjected to repeated intravital microscopy. The entire tumor vasculature as well as the normal tissue surrounding the tumor was imaged simultaneously with high spatial and temporal resolution. Vascular morphology images were recorded by using transillumination, and vascular masks were produced to quantify vessel density, vessel diameter, vessel segment length, and vessel tortuosity. First-pass imaging movies were recorded after an intervenous injection of a fluorescent marker and were used to investigate vascular function. Lymphatics were visualized by intradermal injections of a fluorescent marker. Results The intravital microscopy assay was used to study tumor growth and vascularization, tumor vessel morphology and function, tumor-associated lymphatics, and vascular effects of acute cyclic hypoxia and antiangiogenic treatment. The assay was sensitive to tumor-line differences in vascular morphology and function and detected tumor-induced lymphatic dilation. Acute cyclic hypoxia induced angiogenesis and increased the density of small diameter vessels and blood supply times, whereas antiangiogenic treatment selectively removed small-diameter vessels, reduced blood supply times, and induced hypoxia. Moreover, the window chamber was compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and parametric images derived by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were shown to reflect vascular morphology and function. Conclusions The presented assay represents a useful and affordable alternative to intravital microscopy assays using confocal and multi-photon microscopes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-021-05243-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Hansem
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Welzel J, Schuh S, De Carvalho N, Themstrup L, Ulrich M, Jemec GBE, Holmes J, Pellacani G. Dynamic optical coherence tomography shows characteristic alterations of blood vessels in malignant melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1087-1093. [PMID: 33300200 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) allows in vivo visualization of blood vessels in the skin and in malignant tumours. Vessel patterns in malignant melanoma may be associated with tumour stage. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe blood vessel patterns in melanomas and to correlate them with stage. METHODS One hundred fifty-nine malignant melanomas were assessed in a multicentre study. Every tumour was imaged using D-OCT prior to surgery and histologic evaluation. The tumour data such as thickness and ulceration as well as the staging at primary diagnosis and a follow-up of at least 40 months resulted in a stage classification. The vessel patterns were assessed according to predefined categories, compared with healthy adjacent skin, and correlated to stage. RESULTS Melanomas contained more blood vessels in different patterns compared with healthy adjacent skin. In particular, irregular vascular shapes such as blobs, coils, curves and serpiginous vessels were more common in melanomas. In addition, these patterns were significantly more often found in high-risk and metastatic melanomas than in low-risk lesions. CONCLUSION In melanomas, the density of the blood vessels is increased, and irregular vascular patterns are more frequent. At higher stages, especially in metastatic melanomas, these atypical vessels are significantly more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Welzel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - S Schuh
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - N De Carvalho
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - L Themstrup
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ulrich
- CMB Collegium Medicum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G B E Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Holmes
- Michelson Diagnostics, Maidstone, UK
| | - G Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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19
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Smolarczyk R, Czapla J, Jarosz-Biej M, Czerwinski K, Cichoń T. Vascular disrupting agents in cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173692. [PMID: 33130277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor blood vessel formation is a key process for tumor expansion. Tumor vessels are abnormal and differ from normal vessels in architecture and components. Besides oxygen and nutrients supply, the tumor vessels system, due to its abnormality, is responsible for: hypoxia formation, and metastatic routes. Tumor blood vessels can be a target of anti-cancer therapies. There are two types of therapies that target tumor vessels. The first one is the inhibition of the angiogenesis process. However, the inhibition is often ineffective because of alternative angiogenesis mechanism activation. The second type is a specific targeting of existing tumor blood vessels by vascular disruptive agents (VDAs). There are three groups of VDAs: microtubule destabilizing drugs, flavonoids with anti-vascular functions, and tumor vascular targeted drugs based on endothelial cell receptors. However, VDAs possess some limitations. They may be cardiotoxic and their application in therapy may leave viable residual, so called, rim cells on the edge of the tumor. However, it seems that a well-designed combination of VDAs with other anti-cancer drugs may bring a significant therapeutic effect. In this article, we describe three groups of vascular disruptive agents with their advantages and disadvantages. We mention VDAs clinical trials. Finally, we present the current possibilities of VDAs combination with other anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jarosz-Biej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Kyle Czerwinski
- University of Manitoba, Faculty of Science. 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
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20
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Strnadová K, Španko M, Dvořánková B, Lacina L, Kodet O, Shbat A, Klepáček I, Smetana K. Melanoma xenotransplant on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane: a complex biological model for the study of cancer cell behaviour. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:177-188. [PMID: 32232553 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The globally increasing incidence of cancer, including melanoma, requires novel therapeutic strategies. Development of successful novel drugs is based on clear identification of the target mechanisms responsible for the disease progression. The specific cancer microenvironment represents a critically important aspect of cancer biology, which cannot be properly studied in simplistic cell culture conditions. Among other traditional options, the study of melanoma cell growth on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane offers several significant advantages. This model offers increased complexity compared to usual in silico culture models and still remains financially affordable. Using this model, we studied the growth of three established human melanoma cell lines: A2058, BLM, G361. The combination of histology, immunohistochemistry with the application of human-specific antibodies, intravascular injection of contrast material such as filtered Indian ink, Mercox solution and phosphotungstic acid, and X-ray micro-CT and live-cell monitoring was employed. Melanoma cells spread well on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. However, invasion into the stroma of the chorioallantoic membrane and the limb primordium graft was rare. The melanoma cells also significantly influenced the architecture of the blood vessel network, resulting in the orientation of the vessels to the site of the tumour cell inoculation. The system of melanoma cell culture on the chorioallantoic membrane is suitable for the study of melanoma cell growth, particularly of rearrangement of the host vascular pattern after cancer cell implantation. The system also has promising potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Strnadová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Španko
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Stomatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Dvořánková
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic. .,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic. .,Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12808, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Kodet
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12808, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Shbat
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Klepáček
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12800, Prague, Czech Republic. .,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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21
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Ou X, Lv W. Metabolic changes and interaction of tumor cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell and T cell in hypoxic microenvironment. Future Oncol 2020; 16:383-393. [PMID: 32067476 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is universally acknowledged that a large number of immune cells, as well as inflammatory factors, regulatory factors and metabolites, accumulate in the tumor microenvironment to jointly promote tumor escape, development and metastasis. Hypoxia is one of the characteristics in tumor microenvironment and is a common phenomenon in all solid tumors. In tumor hypoxia response, there is a key regulator called HIF-1a, which is a key transcriptional regulatory protein that regulates many critical genes. In this paper, the effects of hypoxia on glucose metabolism of tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T cells in tumor microenvironment were reviewed, and the interaction among the three was also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantu Ou
- Clinical laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, No. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528308, PR China
| | - Weibiao Lv
- Clinical laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, No. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528308, PR China
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22
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mTOR-Mediated Antioxidant Activation in Solid Tumor Radioresistance. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5956867. [PMID: 31929797 PMCID: PMC6942807 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5956867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used for the treatment of cancer patients, but tumor radioresistance presents serious therapy challenges. Tumor radioresistance is closely related to high levels of mTOR signaling in tumor tissues. Therefore, targeting the mTOR pathway might be a strategy to promote solid tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Radioresistance is associated with enhanced antioxidant mechanisms in cancer cells. Therefore, examination of the relationship between mTOR signaling and antioxidant mechanism-linked radioresistance is required for effective radiotherapy. In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. This review is expected to assist in the identification of therapeutic adjuvants to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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23
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Evans MA, Shields CW, Krishnan V, Wang LL, Zhao Z, Ukidve A, Lewandowski M, Gao Y, Mitragotri S. Macrophage‐Mediated Delivery of Hypoxia‐Activated Prodrug Nanoparticles. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Evans
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - C. Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Vinu Krishnan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Lily Li‐Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Zhongmin Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Anvay Ukidve
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Michael Lewandowski
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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24
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How to Modulate Tumor Hypoxia for Preclinical In Vivo Imaging Research. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:4608186. [PMID: 30420794 PMCID: PMC6211155 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4608186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is related with tumor aggressiveness, chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, and thus a poor clinical outcome. Therefore, over the past decades, every effort has been made to develop strategies to battle the negative prognostic influence of tumor hypoxia. For appropriate patient selection and follow-up, noninvasive imaging biomarkers such as positron emission tomography (PET) radiolabeled ligands are unprecedentedly needed. Importantly, before being able to implement these new therapies and potential biomarkers into the clinical setting, preclinical in vivo validation in adequate animal models is indispensable. In this review, we provide an overview of the different attempts that have been made to create differential hypoxic in vivo cancer models with a particular focus on their applicability in PET imaging studies.
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