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Boock V, Roy B, Pfeffer G, Kimonis V. Therapeutic developments for valosin-containing protein mediated multisystem proteinopathy. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:432-440. [PMID: 37678339 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Missense mutations in valosin-containing protein (VCP) can lead to a multisystem proteinopathy 1 (MSP1) with any combination of limb-girdle distribution inclusion body myopathy (IBM) (present in about 90% of cases), Paget's disease of bone, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). VCP mutations lead to gain of function activity with widespread disarray in cellular function, with enhanced ATPase activity, increased binding with its cofactors, and reduced mitofusin levels. RECENT FINDINGS This review highlights novel therapeutic approaches in VCP-MSP in in-vitro and in-vivo models. Furthermore, we also discuss therapies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, TDP-43 pathways, and gene therapies in other diseases with similar pathway involvement which can also be applicable in VCP-MSP. SUMMARY Being a rare disease, it is challenging to perform large-scale randomized control trials (RCTs) in VCP-MSP. However, it is important to recognize potential therapeutic targets, and assess their safety and efficacy in preclinical models, to initiate RCTs for potential therapies in this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Boock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Pathology, University of California - Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
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Luzzi A, Wang F, Li S, Iacovino M, Chou TF. Skeletal muscle cell protein dysregulation highlights the pathogenesis mechanism of myopathy-associated p97/VCP R155H mutations. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1211635. [PMID: 37602234 PMCID: PMC10435852 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1211635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
p97/VCP, a hexametric member of the AAA-ATPase superfamily, has been associated with a wide range of cellular protein pathways, such as proteasomal degradation, the unfolding of polyubiquitinated proteins, and autophagosome maturation. Autosomal dominant p97/VCP mutations cause a rare hereditary multisystem disorder called IBMPFD/ALS (Inclusion Body Myopathy with Paget's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), characterized by progressive weakness and subsequent atrophy of skeletal muscles, and impacting bones and brains, such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral ALS. Among all disease-causing mutations, Arginine 155 to Histidine (R155H/+) was reported to be the most common one, affecting over 50% of IBMPFD patients, resulting in disabling muscle weakness, which might eventually be life-threatening due to cardiac and respiratory muscle involvement. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unlimited resource of cells to study pathology's underlying molecular mechanism, perform drug screening, and investigate regeneration. Using R155H/+ patients' fibroblasts, we generated IPS cells and corrected the mutation (Histidine to Arginine, H155R) to generate isogenic control cells before differentiating them into myotubes. The further proteomic analysis allowed us to identify differentially expressed proteins associated with the R155H mutation. Our results showed that R155H/+ cells were associated with dysregulated expression of several proteins involved in skeletal muscle function, cytoskeleton organization, cell signaling, intracellular organelles organization and function, cell junction, and cell adhesion. Our findings provide molecular evidence of dysfunctional protein expression in R155H/+ myotubes and offer new therapeutic targets for treating IBMPFD/ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luzzi
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Shan Li
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Michelina Iacovino
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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Valimehr S, Sethi A, Shukla M, Bhattacharyya S, Kazemi M, Rouiller I. Molecular Mechanisms Driving and Regulating the AAA+ ATPase VCP/p97, an Important Therapeutic Target for Treating Cancer, Neurological and Infectious Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050737. [PMID: 37238606 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
p97/VCP, a highly conserved type II ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+ ATPase), is an important therapeutic target in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. p97 performs a variety of functions in the cell and facilitates virus replication. It is a mechanochemical enzyme that generates mechanical force from ATP-binding and hydrolysis to perform several functions, including unfolding of protein substrates. Several dozens of cofactors/adaptors interact with p97 and define the multifunctionality of p97. This review presents the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of p97 during the ATPase cycle and its regulation by cofactors and small-molecule inhibitors. We compare detailed structural information obtained in different nucleotide states in the presence and absence of substrates and inhibitors. We also review how pathogenic gain-of-function mutations modify the conformational changes of p97 during the ATPase cycle. Overall, the review highlights how the mechanistic knowledge of p97 helps in designing pathway-specific modulators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Valimehr
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Ian Holmes Imaging Centre, Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ashish Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science Technology Organisation, The Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Manjari Shukla
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudipta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342030, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohsen Kazemi
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Isabelle Rouiller
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Phan JM, Creekmore BC, Nguyen AT, Bershadskaya DD, Darwich NF, Lee EB. Novel VCP activator reverses multisystem proteinopathy nuclear proteostasis defects and enhances TDP-43 aggregate clearance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532082. [PMID: 36993559 PMCID: PMC10055171 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in VCP cause multisystem proteinopathy (MSP), a disease characterized by multiple clinical phenotypes including inclusion body myopathy, Paget's disease of the bone, and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). How such diverse phenotypes are driven by pathogenic VCP variants is not known. We found that these diseases exhibit a common pathologic feature, ubiquitinated intranuclear inclusions affecting myocytes, osteoclasts and neurons. Moreover, knock-in cell lines harboring MSP variants show a reduction in nuclear VCP. Given that MSP is associated with neuronal intranuclear inclusions comprised of TDP-43 protein, we developed a cellular model whereby proteostatic stress results in the formation of insoluble intranuclear TDP-43 aggregates. Consistent with a loss of nuclear VCP function, cells harboring MSP variants or cells treated with VCP inhibitor exhibited decreased clearance of insoluble intranuclear TDP-43 aggregates. Moreover, we identified four novel compounds that activate VCP primarily by increasing D2 ATPase activity whereby pharmacologic VCP activation appears to enhance clearance of insoluble intranuclear TDP-43 aggregate. Our findings suggest that VCP function is important for nuclear protein homeostasis, that MSP may be the result of impaired nuclear proteostasis, and that VCP activation may be potential therapeutic by virtue of enhancing the clearance of intranuclear protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Phan
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Creekmore
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Aivi T Nguyen
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Darya D Bershadskaya
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Nabil F Darwich
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Ahlstedt BA, Ganji R, Raman M. The functional importance of VCP to maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1457-1469. [PMID: 36196920 PMCID: PMC9704522 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The AAA-ATPase (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) valosin-containing protein (VCP), is essential for many cellular pathways including but not limited to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), DNA damage responses, and cell cycle regulation. VCP primarily identifies ubiquitylated proteins in these pathways and mediates their unfolding and degradation by the 26S proteasome. This review summarizes recent research on VCP that has uncovered surprising new ways that this ATPase is regulated, new aspects of recognition of substrates and novel pathways and substrates that utilize its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A. Ahlstedt
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Rakesh Ganji
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Malavika Raman
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A
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