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Optimisation of T2 and T2* sequences in MRI for better quantification of iron on transfused dependent sickle cell patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8513. [PMID: 33875765 PMCID: PMC8055987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the effect of different shim techniques, voxel sizes, and repetition time (TR) on using theT2 and T2* sequences to determine their optimum settings to investigate the quantification of iron in transfused dependent sickle cell patients. The effect of each of these parameters was investigated on phantoms of different Gadolinium (Gd) concentrations, on 10 volunteers and 25 patients using a1 5T MRI Philips scanner. No significant difference between the three shim techniques was noticed in either T2 or T2* sequence measurements. Pixel sizes of 1 × 1 and 2 × 2 mm provided optimum results for T2 measurements. At 1 × 1 mm pixel size the T2* measurements experienced less error in measurements than the size of 2.5 × 2.5 mm used in the literature. Even though the slice thickness variation did not provide any changes in T2 measurements, the 12 mm provided optimum T2* measurements. TR variation did not yield significant changes on either T2 or T2* measurements. These results indicate that both T2 and T2* sequences can be further improved by providing more reliable measurements and reducing acquisition time.
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Sudmantaitė V, Čelutkienė J, Glaveckaite S, Katkus R. Difficult diagnosis of cardiac haemochromatosis: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2020; 4:1-6. [PMID: 32128489 PMCID: PMC7047056 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary iron overload cardiomyopathy is an important and potentially preventable cause of heart failure (HF), usually manifesting in the 4–5th decade of life. Patients may be asymptomatic early in the disease with hidden progression of cardiac dysfunction. The challenge of timely detection is an awareness of this systemic disorder and an adequate degree of clinical vigilance. Case summary A 48-year-old man was referred to the university clinic due to the episode of atrial fibrillation. The specific features of bronze skin and yellow eyes together with a combination of syndromes (cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis, ascites and portal hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease) stimulated the testing of iron metabolism markers, which were far above the normal range. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed the dilatation of all cardiac cavities and biventricular systolic dysfunction. CMR T2* mapping was consistent with the diagnosis of myocardial and hepatic siderosis. Hereditary Type I haemochromatosis was confirmed by a genetic test. After 6 months of standard HF treatment, chelation therapy with deferiprone and regular phlebotomies imaging tests showed a reduction of ventricular and atrial volumes, an improvement in the cardiac systolic function and a decrease of iron accumulation. Discussion In this case, complicating syndromes were detected earlier than underlying disease of primary haemochromatosis. Cardiac haemochromatosis should be considered in any patient with unexplained HF, especially in the case of a positive family history, abnormal liver enzymes, endocrinopathies, or evidence of involvement of other organ systems. Screening for systemic iron overload with transferrin saturation and serum ferritin is the first step. Further non-invasive imaging tests should be done to confirm organ involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Sudmantaitė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškių 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Čelutkienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškių 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Glaveckaite
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškių 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimgaudas Katkus
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškių 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Liu L, Liu L, Li Y, Huang X, Gu D, Wei B, Su D, Jin G. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic nanoparticles targeting E-selectin: synthesis and effects in mice in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4517-4528. [PMID: 31354271 PMCID: PMC6590629 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s199571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We developed a contrast agent for targeting E-selectin expression. We detected the agent using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo in nude mice that had undergone nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. Methods: Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) was conjugated with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles. Hydrodynamic size, polydispersity index, and ζ-potential of USPIO–polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles and USPIO-PEG-sLeX nanoparticles were measured. Component changes in nanoparticles of USPIO, USPIO-PEG, and USPIO-PEG-sLeX were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. A model of NPC metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes in nude mice was used to investigate characteristics of the USPIO-PEG-sLeX nanoparticles in vivo. We investigated the ability of the T2* value, change in T2* value (ΔT2* value), and enhancement rate (ER) to assess accumulation of USPIO-PEG-sLeX nanoparticles quantitatively in mice of a metastasis group and control group. Four MRI scans were undertaken for each mouse. The first scan (t0) was done before administration of USPIO-PEG-sLeX nanoparticles (0.1 mL) via the tail vein. The other scans were carried out at 0 (t1), 1 (t2), and 2 hours (t3) postinjection. The mean optical density was used to reflect E-selectin expression. Results: sLeX was labeled onto USPIO successfully. In vivo, there were significant interactions between the groups and time for T2* values after administration of USPIO-PEG-sLeX nanoparticles. Six parameters (T2* at t2, ΔT2* at t1, ΔT2* at t2, ER at t1, ER at t2, and ER at t3) were correlated with the mean optical density. Conclusion: USPIO-PEG-sLeX nanoparticles can be used to assess E-selectin expression quantitatively. Use of such molecular probes could enable detection of early metastasis of NPC, more accurate staging, and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Centre of Imaging Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Centre of Imaging Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Li
- Centre of Imaging Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Huang
- Centre of Imaging Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglian Gu
- Centre of Imaging Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wei
- Centre of Imaging Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Danke Su
- Centre of Imaging Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanqiao Jin
- Centre of Imaging Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Manning WJ. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2017. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:89. [PMID: 30593280 PMCID: PMC6309095 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There were 106 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2017, including 92 original research papers, 3 reviews, 9 technical notes, and 1 Position paper, 1 erratum and 1 correction. The volume was similar to 2016 despite an increase in manuscript submissions to 405 and thus reflects a slight decrease in the acceptance rate to 26.7%. The quality of the submissions continues to be high. The 2017 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2018) was minimally lower at 5.46 (vs. 5.71 for 2016; as published in June 2017), which is the second highest impact factor ever recorded for JCMR. The 2017 impact factor means that an average, each JCMR paper that were published in 2015 and 2016 was cited 5.46 times in 2017.In accordance with Open-Access publishing of Biomed Central, the JCMR articles are published on-line in continuus fashion and in the chronologic order of acceptance, with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, over the years, the Editors have felt that it is useful to annually summarize the publications into broad areas of interest or theme, so that readers can view areas of interest in a single article in relation to each other and other contemporary JCMR articles. In this publication, the manuscripts are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought within the journal. In addition, I have elected to use this format to convey information regarding the editorial process to the readership.I hope that you find the open-access system increases wider reading and citation of your papers, and that you will continue to send your very best, high quality manuscripts to JCMR for consideration. I thank our very dedicated Associate Editors, Guest Editors, and Reviewers for their efforts to ensure that the review process occurs in a timely and responsible manner and that the JCMR continues to be recognized as the forefront journal of our field. And finally, I thank you for entrusting me with the editorship of the JCMR as I begin my 3rd year as your editor-in-chief. It has been a tremendous learning experience for me and the opportunity to review manuscripts that reflect the best in our field remains a great joy and highlight of my week!
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Manning
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Abstract
MRI is a key tool in the current management of patients with thalassemia. Given its capability of assessing iron overload in different organs noninvasively and without contrast, it has significant advantages over other metrics, including serum ferritin. Liver iron concentration can be measured either with relaxometry methods T2*/T2 or signal intensity ratio techniques. Myocardial iron can be assessed in the same examination through T2* imaging. In this review, we focus on showing how MRI evaluates iron in both organs and the clinical applications as well as practical approaches to using this tool by clinicians taking care of patients with thalassemia.
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Krumm P, Mangold S, Gatidis S, Nikolaou K, Nensa F, Bamberg F, la Fougère C. Clinical use of cardiac PET/MRI: current state-of-the-art and potential future applications. Jpn J Radiol 2018. [PMID: 29524169 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-018-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Combined PET/MRI is a novel imaging method integrating the advances of functional and morphological MR imaging with PET applications that include assessment of myocardial viability, perfusion, metabolism of inflammatory tissue and tumors, as well as amyloid deposition imaging. As such, PET/MRI is a promising tool to detect and characterize ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. To date, the greatest benefit may be expected for diagnostic evaluation of systemic diseases and cardiac masses that remain unclear in cardiac MRI, as well as for clinical and scientific studies in the setting of ischemic cardiomyopathies. Diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of cardiac sarcoidosis has the potential of a possible 'killer-application' for combined cardiac PET/MRI. In this article, we review the current evidence and discuss current and potential future applications of cardiac PET/MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Krumm
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Mangold
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergios Gatidis
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Nensa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Sun N, Gu S, Ding F, Xu S, Zhou H, Liu Y. MRI-measured myocardial iron load in patients with severe diabetic heart failure. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:324.e1-324.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Manning WJ. Review of Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) 2015-2016 and transition of the JCMR office to Boston. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:108. [PMID: 29284487 PMCID: PMC5747150 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) is the official publication of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR). In 2016, the JCMR published 93 manuscripts, including 80 research papers, 6 reviews, 5 technical notes, 1 protocol, and 1 case report. The number of manuscripts published was similar to 2015 though with a 12% increase in manuscript submissions to an all-time high of 369. This reflects a decrease in the overall acceptance rate to <25% (excluding solicited reviews). The quality of submissions to JCMR continues to be high. The 2016 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2016 by Thomson Reuters) was steady at 5.601 (vs. 5.71 for 2015; as published in June 2016), which is the second highest impact factor ever recorded for JCMR. The 2016 impact factor means that the JCMR papers that were published in 2014 and 2015 were on-average cited 5.71 times in 2016.In accordance with Open-Access publishing of Biomed Central, the JCMR articles are published on-line in the order that they are accepted with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, over the years, the Editors have felt that it is useful to annually summarize the publications into broad areas of interest or themes, so that readers can view areas of interest in a single article in relation to each other and other recent JCMR articles. The papers are presented in broad themes with previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought in the journal. In addition, I have elected to open this publication with information for the readership regarding the transition of the JCMR editorial office to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston and the editorial process.Though there is an author publication charge (APC) associated with open-access to cover the publisher's expenses, this format provides a much wider distribution/availability of the author's work and greater manuscript citation. For SCMR members, there is a substantial discount in the APC. I hope that you will continue to send your high quality manuscripts to JCMR for consideration. Importantly, I also ask that you consider referencing recent JCMR publications in your submissions to the JCMR and elsewhere as these contribute to our impact factor. I also thank our dedicated Associate Editors, Guest Editors, and reviewers for their many efforts to ensure that the review process occurs in a timely and responsible manner and that the JCMR continues to be recognized as the leading publication in our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Manning
- From the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Editorial Office and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Roy C, Slimani A, de Meester C, Amzulescu M, Pasquet A, Vancraeynest D, Vanoverschelde JL, Pouleur AC, Gerber BL. Age and sex corrected normal reference values of T1, T2 T2* and ECV in healthy subjects at 3T CMR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:72. [PMID: 28934962 PMCID: PMC5609021 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial T1, T2 and T2* imaging techniques become increasingly used in clinical practice. While normal values for T1, T2 and T2* times are well established for 1.5 Tesla (T) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), data for 3T remain scarce. Therefore we sought to determine normal reference values relative to gender and age and day to day reproducibility for native T1, T2, T2* mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) at 3T in healthy subjects. METHODS After careful exclusion of cardiovascular abnormality, 75 healthy subjects aged 20 to 90 years old (mean 56 ± 19 years, 47% women) underwent left-ventricular T1 (3-(3)-3-(3)-5 MOLLI)), T2 (8 echo- spin echo-imaging) and T2 * (8 echo gradient echo imaging) mapping at 3T CMR (Philips Ingenia 3T and computation of extracellular volume after administration of 0.2 mmol/kg Gadovist). Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility was estimated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Day to day reproducibility was assessed in 10 other volunteers. RESULTS Mean myocardial T1 at 3T was 1122 ± 57 ms, T2 52 ± 6 ms, T2* 24 ± 5 ms and ECV 26.6 ± 3.2%. T1 (1139 ± 37 vs 1109 ± 73 ms, p < 0.05) and ECV (28 ± 3 vs 25 ± 2%, p < 0.001), but not T2 (53 ± 8 vs 51 ± 4, p = NS) were significantly greater in age matched women than in men. T1 (r = 0.40, p < 0.001) and ECV (r = 0.37, p = 0.001) increased, while T2 decreased significantly (r = -0.25, p < 0.05) with increasing age. T2* was not influenced by either gender or age. Intra and inter-observer reproducibility was high (ICC ranging between 0.81-0.99), and day to day coefficient of variation was low (6.2% for T1, 7% for T2, 11% for T2* and 11.5% for ECV). CONCLUSIONS We provide normal myocardial T2, T2*,T1 and ECV reference values for 3T CMR which are significantly different from those reported at 1.5 Tesla CMR. Myocardial T1 and ECV values are gender and age dependent. Measurement had high inter and intra-observer reproducibility and good day-to-day reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Roy
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Université Cathologique, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, B-1200 Woluwe St., Lambert, Belgium
| | - Alisson Slimani
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Université Cathologique, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, B-1200 Woluwe St., Lambert, Belgium
| | - Christophe de Meester
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Université Cathologique, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, B-1200 Woluwe St., Lambert, Belgium
| | - Mihaela Amzulescu
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Université Cathologique, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, B-1200 Woluwe St., Lambert, Belgium
| | - Agnès Pasquet
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Université Cathologique, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, B-1200 Woluwe St., Lambert, Belgium
| | - David Vancraeynest
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Université Cathologique, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, B-1200 Woluwe St., Lambert, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Université Cathologique, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, B-1200 Woluwe St., Lambert, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Pouleur
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Université Cathologique, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, B-1200 Woluwe St., Lambert, Belgium
| | - Bernhard L. Gerber
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Université Cathologique, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc UCL, Av Hippocrate 10/2806, B-1200 Woluwe St., Lambert, Belgium
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Moosa S, Ntusi NA. Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the evaluation of cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v20i2.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging plays a central role in the assessment and monitoring of patients with cardiomyopathy. It offers a comprehensive assessment during a single scan setting, with information on ventricular volumes, function and mass as well as tissue characterisation, fibrosis, flow, viability and perfusion. Acute tissue injury (oedema and necrosis) can be distinguished from fibrosis, infiltration and iron overload. It provides information on the cause and prognosis of the cardiomyopathy, and its high measurement accuracy makes it ideal for monitoring disease progression and effects of therapy. The present review highlights the main features of commonly encountered cardiomyopathies in imaging practice.
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