1
|
Etebar N, Naderpour S, Akbari S, Zali A, Akhlaghdoust M, Daghighi SM, Baghani M, Hamidi SH, Rahimzadegan M. Impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on brain renin angiotensin system related signaling and its subsequent complications on brain: A theoretical perspective. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 138:102423. [PMID: 38705215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cellular ACE2 (cACE2), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), possesses catalytic activity to maintain AngII and Ang 1-7 balance, which is necessary to prevent harmful effects of AngII/AT2R and promote protective pathways of Ang (1-7)/MasR and Ang (1-7)/AT2R. Hemostasis of the brain-RAS is essential for maintaining normal central nervous system (CNS) function. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a viral disease that causes multi-organ dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 mainly uses cACE2 to enter the cells and cause its downregulation. This, in turn, prevents the conversion of Ang II to Ang (1-7) and disrupts the normal balance of brain-RAS. Brain-RAS disturbances give rise to one of the pathological pathways in which SARS-CoV-2 suppresses neuroprotective pathways and induces inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Finally, these impairments lead to neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, and neurological complications. In conclusion, the influence of RAS on various processes within the brain has significant implications for the neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. These effects include sensory disturbances, such as olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, as well as cerebrovascular and brain stem-related disorders, all of which are intertwined with disruptions in the RAS homeostasis of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Etebar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy - Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Saghi Naderpour
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy - Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Setareh Akbari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Akhlaghdoust
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Daghighi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Baghani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hootan Hamidi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Acharya BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dash R, Ray A, Mamidi P, De S, Mohapatra TK, Moharana AK, Mukherjee T, Ghosh S, Chattopadhyay S, Subudhi BB, Chattopadhyay S. Salicylic Acid Conjugate of Telmisartan Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Infection and Inflammation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:146-156. [PMID: 38222605 PMCID: PMC10785651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
There is no approved antiviral for the management of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). To develop an antiviral drug that can manage both CHIKV and arthritis induced by it, an ester conjugate of telmisartan (TM) and salicylic acid (SA) was synthesized (DDABT1). It showed higher potency (IC50 of 14.53 μM) and a good selectivity index [(SI = CC50/IC50) > 33]. On post-treatment of DDABT1, CHIKV infection was inhibited significantly by reducing CPE, viral titer, viral RNA, and viral proteins. Further, the time of addition experiment revealed >95% inhibition up to 4hpi indicating its interference predominantly in the early stages of infection. However, the late stages were also affected. This conjugate of SA and TM was found to increase the antiviral efficacy, and this might be partly attributed to modulating angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor type 1 (AT1). However, DDABT1 might have other modes of action that need further investigation. In addition, the in vivo experiments showed an LD50 of 5000 mg/kg in rats and was found to be more effective than TM, SA, or their combination against acute, subacute, and chronic inflammation/arthritis in vivo. In conclusion, DDABT1 showed remarkable anti-CHIKV properties and the ability to reduce inflammation and arthritis, making it a very good potential drug candidate that needs further experimental validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudra
Narayan Dash
- Drug
Development and Analysis Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Amrita Ray
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
- Regional
Centre for Biotechnology, 121001 Faridabad, India
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
- Department
of Microbiology (VRDL), AIIMS, Sijua, Patrapada, Bhubaneswar 751019,Odisha, India
| | - Saikat De
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
- Regional
Centre for Biotechnology, 121001 Faridabad, India
| | - Tapas K Mohapatra
- Drug
Development and Analysis Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
- Nityananda
College of Pharmacy, Seragarh, Balasore, Odisha 756060, India
| | - Alok K Moharana
- Drug
Development and Analysis Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
- School
of
Pharmacy, Arka Jain University, Mohanpur, Jharkhand 832108, India
| | - Tathagata Mukherjee
- School
of Biological Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research, HBNI, 752050 Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soumyajit Ghosh
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
- Regional
Centre for Biotechnology, 121001 Faridabad, India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School
of Biological Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research, HBNI, 752050 Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bharat B Subudhi
- Drug
Development and Analysis Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Phelps AL, Salguero FJ, Hunter L, Stoll AL, Jenner DC, O'Brien LM, Williamson ED, Lever MS, Laws TR. Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, Chemokines, and Leukocyte Infiltrate Are Biomarkers for Pathology in the Brains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEEV)-Infected Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:1307. [PMID: 37376607 DOI: 10.3390/v15061307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a disease typically confined to South and Central America, whereby human disease is characterised by a transient systemic infection and occasionally severe encephalitis, which is associated with lethality. Using an established mouse model of VEEV infection, the encephalitic aspects of the disease were analysed to identify biomarkers associated with inflammation. Sequential sampling of lethally challenged mice (infected subcutaneously) confirmed a rapid onset systemic infection with subsequent spread to the brain within 24 h of the challenge. Changes in inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, CCL-2, and CCL-5) and CD45+ cell counts were found to correlate strongly to pathology (R>0.9) and present previously unproven biomarkers for disease severity in the model, more so than viral titre. The greatest level of pathology was observed within the olfactory bulb and midbrain/thalamus. The virus was distributed throughout the brain/encephalon, often in areas not associated with pathology. The principal component analysis identified five principal factors across two independent experiments, with the first two describing almost half of the data: (1) confirmation of a systemic Th1-biased inflammatory response to VEEV infection, and (2) a clear correlation between specific inflammation of the brain and clinical signs of disease. Targeting strongly associated biomarkers of deleterious inflammation may ameliorate or even eliminate the encephalitic syndrome of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Phelps
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | | | - Laura Hunter
- UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | | | - Dominic C Jenner
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Lyn M O'Brien
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | | | - M Stephen Lever
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Thomas R Laws
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Subudhi BB, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. Targeting host factors of virus-induced inflammation: a strategy for tackling future epidemics by RNA viruses. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- Drug Development & Analysis Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- Department of Atomic Energy, School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda, 752050, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Telmisartan restricts Chikungunya virus infection in vitro and in vivo through the AT1/PPAR-γ/MAPKs pathways. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0148921. [PMID: 34748384 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01489-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has re-emerged as a global public health threat. The inflammatory pathways of RAS and PPAR-γ are usually involved in viral infections. Thus, Telmisartan (TM) with known capacity to block AT1 receptor and activate PPAR-γ, was investigated against CHIKV. The anti-CHIKV effect of TM was investigated in vitro (Vero, RAW 264.7 cells and hPBMCs) and in vivo (C57BL/6 mice). TM was found to abrogate CHIKV infection efficiently (IC50 of 15.34-20.89μM in the Vero and RAW 264.7 cells respectively). Viral RNA and proteins were reduced remarkably. Additionally, TM interfered in the early and late stages of CHIKV life cycle with efficacy in both pre and post-treatment assay. Moreover, the agonist of AT1 receptor and antagonist of PPAR-γ increased CHIKV infection suggesting TM's anti-viral potential by modulating host factors. Besides, reduced activation of all major MAPKs, NF-κB (p65) and cytokines by TM through the inflammatory axis supported the fact that the anti-CHIKV efficacy of TM is partly mediated through the AT1/PPAR-γ/MAPKs pathways. Interestingly, at the human equivalent dose, TM abrogated CHIKV infection and inflammation significantly leading to reduced clinical score and complete survival of C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, TM reduced infection in hPBMC derived monocyte-macrophage populations in vitro. Hence, TM was found to reduce CHIKV infection by targeting both viral and host factors. Considering its safety and in vivo efficacy, it can be a suitable candidate in future for repurposing against CHIKV.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tripathi PK, Soni A, Singh Yadav SP, Kumar A, Gaurav N, Raghavendhar S, Sharma P, Sunil S, Ashish, Jayaram B, Patel AK. Evaluation of novobiocin and telmisartan for anti-CHIKV activity. Virology 2020; 548:250-260. [PMID: 32791353 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya has re-emerged as an epidemic with global distribution and high morbidity, necessitating the need for effective therapeutics. We utilized already approved drugs with a good safety profile used in other diseases for their new property of anti-chikungunya activity. It provides a base for a fast and efficient approach to bring a novel therapy from bench to bedside by the process of drug-repositioning. We utilized an in-silico drug screening with FDA approved molecule library to identify inhibitors of the chikungunya nsP2 protease, a multifunctional and essential non-structural protein required for virus replication. Telmisartan, an anti-hypertension drug, and the antibiotic novobiocin emerged among top hits on the screen. Further, SPR experiments revealed strong in-vitro binding of telmisartan and novobiocin to nsP2 protein. Additionally, small angle x-ray scattering suggested binding of molecules to nsP2 and post-binding compaction and retention of monomeric state in the protein-inhibitor complex. Protease activity measurement revealed that both compounds inhibited nsP2 protease activity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. More importantly, plaque formation assays could show the effectiveness of these drugs in suppressing virus propagation in host cells. We propose novobiocin and telmisartan as potential inhibitors of chikungunya replication. Further research is required to establish the molecules as antivirals of clinical relevance against chikungunya.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Tripathi
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anjali Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | | | - Ankit Kumar
- Vector-Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nitika Gaurav
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector-Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashish
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Bhyravabhotla Jayaram
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zemskov EA, Lu Q, Ornatowski W, Klinger CN, Desai AA, Maltepe E, Yuan JXJ, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. Biomechanical Forces and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:819-842. [PMID: 30623676 PMCID: PMC6751394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in the cell is characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the main ROS involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. As our fundamental understanding of the underlying causes of lung disease has increased it has become evident that oxidative stress plays a critical role. Recent Advances: A number of cells in the lung both produce, and respond to, ROS. These include vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells as well as the cells involved in the inflammatory response, including macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils. The redox system is involved in multiple aspects of cell metabolism and cell homeostasis. Critical Issues: Dysregulation of the cellular redox system has consequential effects on cell signaling pathways that are intimately involved in disease progression. The lung is exposed to biomechanical forces (fluid shear stress, cyclic stretch, and pressure) due to the passage of blood through the pulmonary vessels and the distension of the lungs during the breathing cycle. Cells within the lung respond to these forces by activating signal transduction pathways that alter their redox state with both physiologic and pathologic consequences. Future Directions: Here, we will discuss the intimate relationship between biomechanical forces and redox signaling and its role in the development of pulmonary disease. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms induced by biomechanical forces in the pulmonary vasculature is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina N Klinger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chao Y, Ye P, Zhu L, Kong X, Qu X, Zhang J, Luo J, Yang H, Chen S. Low shear stress induces endothelial reactive oxygen species via the AT1R/eNOS/NO pathway. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1384-1395. [PMID: 28518223 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to many aspects of physiological and pathological cardiovascular processes. However, the underlying mechanism of ROS induction by low shear stress (LSS) remains unclear. Accumulating evidence has shown that the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and ROS production. Our aim was to explore the role of AT1R in LSS-mediated ROS induction. We exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to LSS (3 dyn/cm2 ) for different periods of time. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that LSS significantly induced AT1R expression in a time-dependent manner. Using immunohistochemistry, we also noted a similar increase in AT1R expression in the inner curvature of the aortic arch compared to the descending aorta in C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, HUVECs were cultured with a fluorescent probe, either DCFH, DHE or DAF, after being subjected to LSS. Cell chemiluminescence and flow cytometry results revealed that LSS stimulated ROS levels and suppressed nitric oxide (NO) generation in a time-dependent manner, which was reversed by the AT1R antagonist Losartan. We also found that Losartan markedly increased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at Ser(633,1177) and dephosphorylation at Thr(495), which involved AKT and ERK. Moreover, the ROS level was significantly reduced by endogenous and exogenous NO donors (L-arginine, SNP) and increased by the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME. Overall, we conclude that LSS induces ROS via AT1R/eNOS/NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Chao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangquan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinliang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongfeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Irani DN. Cerebrospinal fluid protein carbonylation identifies oxidative damage in autoimmune demyelination. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 4:145-150. [PMID: 28168214 PMCID: PMC5288463 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage occurs in multiple sclerosis, but is difficult to identify antemortem and remains an unknown contributor to disease progression. Carbonylation is a quantitative measure of protein oxidation. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from multiple sclerosis patients showed elevated carbonylated protein levels compared to controls. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, carbonylated protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid correlated tightly with those found in inflamed spinal cord tissues. Furthermore, concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord responded in parallel to an antioxidant intervention that also attenuated disease symptoms. These data suggest that carbonylated cerebrospinal fluid proteins could be a quantitative, sensitive, and disease‐relevant biomarker in multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N Irani
- Department of Neurology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan
| |
Collapse
|