Effect of DACH1 on proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

The DACH1 Gene Transcriptional Activation and Protein Degradation Mediated by Transactivator Tas of Prototype Foamy Virus

Foamy viruses are members of the Retroviridae family's Spumaretrovirinae subfamily. They induce cell vacuolation and exhibit a foamy pathogenic impact after infecting cells. DACH1 (dachshund family transcription factor 1) is a crucial cytokine linked to tumor development, and is associated with the growth of many different malignant tumor cells. Additionally, DACH1 suppresses pancreatic cell proliferation and is involved in diabetes insulin signaling. Prototype foamy viruses (PFVs) were used for the investigation of the regulatory mechanism of FVs on cellular DACH1 expression. The results show that DACH1 expression in PFV-infected cells was inconsistent at both the transcriptional and protein levels. At the transcriptional level, DACH1 was significantly activated by PFV transactivator Tas, and dual-luciferase reporter gene tests, EMSA, and ChIP assays found a Tas response element of 21 nucleotides in the DACH1 promoter. PFV and Tas did not boost the levels of DACH1 protein in a manner consistent with the high levels of DACH1 transcription expression. It was noted that Tas increased the expression of the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PPM1E, causing PPM1E-mediated post-translational SUMOylation alterations of DACH1 to prompt DACH1 to degrade. The reason for DACH1 protein degradation is that DACH1 inhibits PFV replication. To sum up, these findings show that PFV upregulated the transcription of DACH1, while urging its protein into PPM1E-mediated SUMOylation, to eliminate the adverse effect of DACH1 overexpression of host cells on viral replication and promote virus survival.

A preliminary analysis of prognostic genes in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients with postoperative radiotherapy

Advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has a high mortality rate, and the prognosis is poor. However, the underlying molecular biological mechanisms bringing about the development and progression of advanced LSCC are not entirely clarified. This study aimed to find out the potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis in advanced LSCC patients who had undergone postoperative radiotherapy alone. The next-generation sequencing of RNA was performed to detect the mRNAs expression profiling in 10 advanced LSCC samples, comprised of 5 samples from LSCC patients with favorable outcome and 5 samples from paired patients with poor outcome. Then bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were used to find out functional core genes that were significantly different between the two groups. 1630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were confirmed to have significant differences between the two groups. 53 GO terms and 19 pathways which were closely related to the DEGs were identified. Finally, 52 intersection DEGs which were both related to the top three GO terms and pathways were identified. The expression of several core genes was confirmed with RT-qPCR in tissues from another 75 patients. RT-qPCR confirmed that the genes of c-JUN, LYN, PIK3R2, and TNFAIP3 were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups, which was in accordance with the RNA sequencing data. The DEGs identified above may be potential prognostic markers for advanced LSCC patients with postoperative radiotherapy, and may provide essential guidance for following-up.

Differentially expressed genes related to lymph node metastasis in advanced laryngeal squamous cell cancers

Understanding the molecular mechanisms and gene expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) may explain its aggressive biological behavior and regional metastasis pathways. In the present study, patients with locally advanced LSCC tumors were examined for differential gene expression in the normal mucosa (non-tumoral mucosa), tumors and lymph node tissues. The aim was to identify possible predictive genes for lymph node metastasis. A total of 16 patients who had undergone total laryngectomy with neck dissection for advanced LSCC were randomly selected from a hospital database: Eight of the patients had lymph node metastasis (Group 1) and the other eight patients did not have metastasis (Group 2). Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed. For each patient, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were collected from non-tumoral mucosa, tumoral lesions and lymph node tissues. RNA was extracted from the tissue samples and used for complementary DNA synthesis, and microarray analysis was subsequently performed on each sample. Gene expression levels were determined in each specimen, and Groups 1 and 2 were compared and statistically analyzed. The microarray results for lymph node metastasis-positive and -negative groups, indicated the differential expression of 312 genes in the lymph nodes, 691 genes in the normal mucosal tissue and 93 genes in the tumor tissue. Transgelin (TAGLN) and cofilin 1 (CFL1) were identified as possible target genes and validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The RT-qPCR results for TAGLN and CFL1 supported the microarray data. OS, DFS and DSS times were longer in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P=0.002, 0.015 and 0.009, respectively). In addition, TAGLN and CFL1 were associated with DFS and DSS. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that TAGLN and CFL1 expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of regional metastasis and poor prognosis in advanced LSCC.

Mechanistic insight of DACH1 receptor in the development of carcinoma insurgence through MD simulation studies

Proteins are key player in the prognosis and therapeutics of carcinomas through the interactions of downstream signalling cascades. Current work insight the structural and mutational analysis of DACH1 in association with carcinogenesis. The homology modelling was employed to predict mutant and wild protein models and their reliability and accuracy was verified through multiple online approaches. Furthermore, MD simulation technique was employed to check the mutation effects on the stability of DACH1 through root mean square deviation and fluctuation graphs. Our results proposed that DACH1 mutation (C188Y) may cause lethal effects and can disturb the DACH1 structure. The observed mutational results showed that C188Y may cause some lethal effect in human body. Based on aforementioned computational assessments, it has concluded that DACH1 could be used as good therapeutic target in the prognosis and therapeutic of carcinoma insurgence.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Forkhead box M1 over-expression and dachshund homolog 1 down-regulation as novel biomarkers for progression of endometrial carcinoma in Egyptian patients

Introduction

Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is considered as a novel anti-cancer target, because it has many essential functions such as mitosis regulation, cell cycle transition, and other carcinogenesis signaling pathways. Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1) is a member of the Sno/Ski co-repressor family.

Material and methods

Expression of DACH1 has been detected in many cancers. Patients and pathologic specimens: 50 patients with endometrial cancer (EC) were included in the study: ten specimens of normal endometrium and twenty specimens of endometrial hyperplasia. All samples underwent processing to investigate FOXM1 and DACH1 expression using immunohistochemistry.

Results

FOXM1 expression was detected in EC tissues more than normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia tissues (p = 0.001) and 0.01. Increased FOXM1 expression was positively associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.002), high grade (p = 0.004), myometrial invasion, presence of lymph node metastases, higher Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (p < 0.001), and worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. The expression of DACH1 was lower in EC cells than normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia tissues (p = 0.071) and 0.252. Low DACH1 expression was associated with high grade (p = 0.001), presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.49), higher FIGO stage (p = 0.022), and unfavorable PFS and OS rates (p = 0.037). We found an inverse association between expression of FOXM1 and DACH1 in EC tissues and in non-neoplastic endometrial tissues (p = 0.007).

Conclusions

FOXM1 over-expression and DACH1 down-regulation in EC were related to poor clinical and pathological parameters and unfavorable prognosis.

Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms of DACH1 gene microRNA binding site and susceptibility of patients with endometrial cancer

OBJECTIVE

To study the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the 3 primer untranslated region (UTR) variants of the cell fate determination factor Dachshund 1(DACH1) gene and the susceptibility of patients with endometrial cancer (EC).

METHODS

Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood of 235 EC patients and 235 healthy controls, and the DACH1 gene rs9285274, rs9529895, rs17088351, and rs59352399 loci were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Patients progression-free survival (PFS) was recorded after 3 years follow-up from October 2016 to October 2019.

RESULTS

Carriers of the C allele of the DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus had a significantly lower risk for EC than T allele carriers (odds ratio = 0.56, 95%confidence interval: 0.38-0.84, P < .01). The correlation between DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus SNP and the risk for EC was affected by age, body mass index, smoking, drinking, and diabetes. Age, and rs9285274, rs9529895, and rs59352399 locus SNP were the best models for predicting the risk for EC. The accuracy rate was 57.02%, and the Cross-validation Consistency was 10/10 (x = 4.33, P = .04). The DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus C allele (TC+CC) carriers had significantly higher PFS than the TT genotype carriers (P = .04). The DACH1 gene was expressed in decreased amounts in the cancer tissues of EC patients, and the DACH1 mRNA expression level in the CC genotype, TC genotype, and TT genotype of rs9529895 locus was also decreased (P = .02).

CONCLUSION

DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus SNP is significantly related to the risk for EC and PFS of EC patients. The possible mechanism behind this relationship is that the DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus SNP affects DACH1 expression level.

MiR-645 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by targeting DACH1

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. An increasing body of evidence has indicated the critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating the progression of DLBCL. In this study, we found that miR-645 was up-regulated in DLBCL tissues and cell lines. Down-regulation of miR-645 significantly inhibited the proliferation, cell cycle progression and promoted the apoptosis of DLBCL cells. Experimental study identified Dachshund family transcription factor 1 (DACH1) as a target of miR-645. MiR-645 bound the 3'-untranslated region of DACH1 and reduced the expression of DACH1 in DLBCL cells. Decreased expression of DACH1 was inversely correlated with that of miR-645 in DLBCL tissues. The promoting effect of miR-645 on the proliferation of DLBCL cells was attenuated with the overexpression of DACH1. These results demonstrated the novel mechanism of miR-645 in DLBCL, which indicated miR-645 as a potential target for the diagnosis and prognostics of DLBCL.