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Nepal S, Si J, Ishikawa S, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y, Akimoto AM, Okada H, Ohba S, Chung UI, Sakai T, Hojo H. Injectable phase-separated tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffold allows sustained release of growth factors to enhance the repair of critical bone defects. Regen Ther 2024; 25:24-34. [PMID: 38108043 PMCID: PMC10724494 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of bone-related injuries, it is crucial to improve treatments for fractures and defects. Tissue engineering offers a promising solution in the form of injectable hydrogel scaffolds that can sustain the release of growth factors like bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for bone repair. Recently, we discovered that tetra-PEG hydrogels (Tetra gels) undergo gel-gel phase separation (GGPS) at low polymer content, resulting in hydrophobicity and tissue affinity. In this work, we examined the potential of a newer class of gel, the oligo-tetra-PEG gel (Oligo gel), as a growth factor-releasing scaffold. We investigated the extent of GGPS occurring in the two gels and assessed their ability to sustain BMP-2 release and osteogenic potential in a mouse calvarial defect model. The Oligo gel underwent a greater degree of GGPS than the Tetra gel, exhibiting higher turbidity, hydrophobicity, and pore formation. The Oligo gel demonstrated sustained protein or growth factor release over a 21-day period from protein release kinetics and osteogenic cell differentiation studies. Finally, BMP-2-loaded Oligo gels achieved complete regeneration of critical-sized calvarial defects within 28 days, significantly outperforming Tetra gels. The easy formulation, injectability, and capacity for sustained release makes the Oligo gel a promising candidate therapeutic biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant Nepal
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jinyan Si
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shohei Ishikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Aya M. Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Seok JM, Kim MJ, Park JH, Kim D, Lee D, Yeo SJ, Lee JH, Lee K, Byun JH, Oh SH, Park SA. A bioactive microparticle-loaded osteogenically enhanced bioprinted scaffold that permits sustained release of BMP-2. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100685. [PMID: 37545560 PMCID: PMC10401289 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrusion-based bioprinting technology is widely used for tissue regeneration and reconstruction. However, the method that uses only hydrogel as the bioink base material exhibits limited biofunctional properties and needs improvement to achieve the desired tissue regeneration. In this study, we present a three-dimensionally printed bioactive microparticle-loaded scaffold for use in bone regeneration applications. The unique structure of the microparticles provided sustained release of growth factor for > 4 weeks without the use of toxic or harmful substances. Before and after printing, the optimal particle ratio in the bioink for cell viability demonstrated a survival rate of ≥ 85% over 7 days. Notably, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization-mediated by human periosteum-derived cells in scaffolds with bioactive microparticles-increased over a 2-week interval. Here, we present an alternative bioprinting strategy that uses the sustained release of bioactive microparticles to improve biofunctional properties in a manner that is acceptable for clinical bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Seok
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahong Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ju Yeo
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Heang Oh
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Su A Park
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
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Influence of Xenogeneic and Alloplastic Carriers for Bone Augmentation on Human Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144779. [PMID: 35888245 PMCID: PMC9317635 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alloplastic and xenogeneic bone grafting materials are frequently used for bone augmentation. The effect of these materials on precursor cells for bone augmentation is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to ascertain, in vitro, how augmentation materials influence the growth rates and viability of human unrestricted somatic stem cells. The biocompatibility of two xenogeneic and one alloplastic bone graft was tested using human unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs). Proliferation, growth, survival and attachment of unrestricted somatic stem cells were monitored after 24 h, 48 h and 7 days. Furthermore, cell shape and morphology were evaluated by SEM. Scaffolds were assessed for their physical properties by Micro-CT imaging. USSCs showed distinct proliferation on the different carriers. Greatest proliferation was observed on the xenogeneic carriers along with improved viability of the cells. Pore sizes of the scaffolds varied significantly, with the xenogeneic materials providing greater pore sizes than the synthetic inorganic material. Unrestricted somatic stem cells in combination with a bovine collagenous bone block seem to be very compatible. A scaffold’s surface morphology, pore size and bioactive characteristics influence the proliferation, attachment and viability of USSCs.
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Mechanical Fatigue Performance of Patient-Specific Polymer Plates in Oncologic Mandible Reconstruction. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123308. [PMID: 35743379 PMCID: PMC9224531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandible defects are conventionally reconstructed using titanium plates. However, titanium causes metallic artifacts which impair radiological imaging. This study aims at evaluating mechanical fatigue of radiolucent fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (f-PEEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), and polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) polymer plates for mandible reconstruction. A total of 30 plates (titanium [n = 6], f-PEEK [n = 6], PEEK [n = 6], PEKK [n = 6], PPSU [n = 6]) were implanted in synthetic mandibulectomized polyurethane mandibles. Servo-pneumatic mechanical testing with cyclic application of 30−300 N at 3 Hz was conducted. Bite forces were 70% on the unresected and 30% on the resected side. Total number of cycles was set to 250,000. Testing was aborted in case of plate or screw failure. Axial load to failure was tested with a speed of 1 mm/s. Kruskal−Wallis and Dunn’s post hoc tests were used. Titanium, f-PEEK, and PEEK showed no failure in fatigue testing and PPSU (p < 0.001) failed against titanium, f-PEEK, PEEK, and PEKK. Titanium allowed the highest load to failure compared to f-PEEK (p = 0.049), PEEK (p = 0.008), PEKK (p < 0.001), and PPSU (p = 0.007). f-PEEK, PEEK, and PEKK withstood expected physiological bite force. Although titanium plates provided the highest fatigue strength, f-PEEK and PEEK plates showed no failure over 250,000 chewing cycles indicating sufficient mechanical strength for mandible reconstruction.
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Crosslinker-free Bovine Serum Albumin-loaded Chitosan/alginate Nanocomplex for pH-responsive Bursting Release of Oral-administered Protein. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rountree I, Polucha C, Coulombe KLK, Munarin F. Assessing the Angiogenic Efficacy of Pleiotrophin Released from Injectable Heparin-Alginate Gels. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:703-713. [PMID: 33430704 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With this work, we design alginate-based hydrogels for therapeutically directing revascularization and repair processes in vivo. We immobilize pleiotrophin (PTN) in injectable hydrogel formulations as the target factor to stimulate proangiogenic responses in endothelial cells. The optimized heparin-alginate/chitosan hydrogels, produced by internal crosslinking with calcium carbonate, show good biocompatibility and injectability and allow controlling the release of immobilized proteins in the subcutaneous tissue over a period of 7 days. In vitro assays, performed with translational human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells, and the in vivo Matrigel plug assay are conducted to demonstrate the angiogenic effects of PTN on endothelial cells. Our results indicate that PTN stimulates endothelial cell morphogenesis in vitro and the migration of endothelial cells and macrophages as soon as 4 days after injections of the developed hydrogels, promoting the formation of structures similar to the healthy granulation tissue, which is an indicator of healing in ischemic wounds. These studies provide the rationale for further investigating this novel therapeutic for pursuing increased vascular density for efficient regeneration of ischemic tissues, by leveraging the host endothelial cell population to initiate angiogenic and reparative processes in vivo. Impact statement Localized, sustained, and controlled delivery of angiogenic factors is crucial for enabling the formation of novel vascular networks in ischemic tissues. This study describes the development of an injectable heparin-alginate/collagen hydrogel for controlling the in vivo release and bioactivity of pleiotrophin (PTN), a heparin-binding factor with significant angiogenic activity. We demonstrate that PTN promotes angiogenesis in an in vitro model of hypoxia and in preclinical subcutaneous models. These results advance our understanding of PTN function in guiding therapeutic angiogenesis and are critical to inform the development of novel translational strategies for ischemic tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Rountree
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Collin Polucha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Fabiola Munarin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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