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Freitas-Alves NS, Moreira-Pinto CE, Távora FTPK, Paes-de-Melo B, Arraes FBM, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Moura SM, Oliveira AC, Morgante CV, Qi Y, Fatima Grossi-de-Sa M. CRISPR/Cas genome editing in soybean: challenges and new insights to overcome existing bottlenecks. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00367-9. [PMID: 39163906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is a worldwide-cultivated crop due to its applications in the food, feed, and biodiesel industries. Genome editing in soybean began with ZFN and TALEN technologies; however, CRISPR/Cas has emerged and shortly became the preferable approach for soybean genome manipulation since it is more precise, easy to handle, and cost-effective. Recent reports have focused on the conventional Cas9 nuclease, Cas9 nickase (nCas9) derived base editors, and Cas12a (formally Cpf1) as the most commonly used genome editors in soybean. Nonetheless, several challenges in the complex plant genetic engineering pipeline need to be overcome to effectively edit the genome of an elite soybean cultivar. These challenges include (1) optimizing CRISPR cassette design (i.e., gRNA and Cas promoters, gRNA design and testing, number of gRNAs, and binary vector), (2) improving transformation frequency, (3) increasing the editing efficiency ratio of targeted plant cells, and (4) improving soybean crop production. AIM OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of soybean genome editing using CRISPR/Cas technology, discusses current challenges, and highlights theoretical (insights) and practical suggestions to overcome the existing bottlenecks. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The CRISPR/Cas system was discovered as part of the bacterial innate immune system. It has been used as a biotechnological tool for genome editing and efficiently applied in soybean to unveil gene function, improve agronomic traits such as yield and nutritional grain quality, and enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. To date, the efficiency of gRNAs has been validated using protoplasts and hairy root assays, while stable plant transformation relies on Agrobacterium-mediated and particle bombardment methods. Nevertheless, most steps of the CRISPR/Cas workflow require optimizations to achieve a more effective genome editing in soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Sabrina Freitas-Alves
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Clidia E Moreira-Pinto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabiano T P K Távora
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes-de-Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B M Arraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Isabela T Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie M Moura
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Oliveira
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Embrapa Semi-Arid, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Yiping Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Catholic University of Brasília, Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Catholic University Dom Bosco, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Freitas-Alves NS, Moreira-Pinto CE, Arraes FBM, Costa LSDL, de Abreu RA, Moreira VJV, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Pinheiro DH, Lisei-de-Sa ME, Paes-de-Melo B, Pereira BM, Guimaraes PM, Brasileiro ACM, de Almeida-Engler J, Soccol CR, Morgante CV, Basso MF, Grossi-de-Sa MF. An ex vitro hairy root system from petioles of detached soybean leaves for in planta screening of target genes and CRISPR strategies associated with nematode bioassays. PLANTA 2023; 259:23. [PMID: 38108903 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The ex vitro hairy root system from petioles of detached soybean leaves allows the functional validation of genes using classical transgenesis and CRISPR strategies (e.g., sgRNA validation, gene activation) associated with nematode bioassays. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated root transformation has been widely used in soybean for the functional validation of target genes in classical transgenesis and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) in CRISPR-based technologies. Initial data showed that in vitro hairy root induction from soybean cotyledons and hypocotyls were not the most suitable strategies for simultaneous performing genetic studies and nematode bioassays. Therefore, an ex vitro hairy root system was developed for in planta screening of target molecules during soybean parasitism by root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Applying this method, hairy roots were successfully induced by A. rhizogenes from petioles of detached soybean leaves. The soybean GmPR10 and GmGST genes were then constitutively overexpressed in both soybean hairy roots and tobacco plants, showing a reduction in the number of Meloidogyne incognita-induced galls of up to 41% and 39%, respectively. In addition, this system was evaluated for upregulation of the endogenous GmExpA and GmExpLB genes by CRISPR/dCas9, showing high levels of gene activation and reductions in gall number of up to 58.7% and 67.4%, respectively. Furthermore, morphological and histological analyses of the galls were successfully performed. These collective data validate the ex vitro hairy root system for screening target genes, using classical overexpression and CRISPR approaches, directly in soybean in a simple manner and associated with nematode bioassays. This system can also be used in other root pathosystems for analyses of gene function and studies of parasite interactions with plants, as well as for other purposes such as studies of root biology and promoter characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara S Freitas-Alves
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná-UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Clidia E Moreira-Pinto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Fabrício B M Arraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Lorena S de L Costa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Brasília-UNB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Rayane A de Abreu
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Valdeir J V Moreira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Brasília-UNB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Isabela T Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Daniele H Pinheiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Maria E Lisei-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes-de-Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Pereira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Patricia M Guimaraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Brasileiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Janice de Almeida-Engler
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, ISA, France
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná-UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- Embrapa Semiarid, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Marcos F Basso
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
| | - Maria F Grossi-de-Sa
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná-UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Brasília-UNB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Brasileiro ACM, Gimenes MA, Pereira BM, Mota APZ, Aguiar MN, Martins ACQ, Passos MAS, Guimaraes PM. The Stilbene Synthase Family in Arachis: A Genome-Wide Study and Functional Characterization in Response to Stress. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2181. [PMID: 38137003 PMCID: PMC10742623 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and its wild relatives are among the few species that naturally synthesize resveratrol, a well-known stilbenoid phytoalexin that plays a crucial role in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Resveratrol has received considerable attention due to its health benefits, such as preventing and treating various human diseases and disorders. Chalcone (CHS) and Stilbene (STS) Synthases are plant-specific type III Polyketide Synthases (PKSs) that share the same substrates and are key branch enzymes in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and stilbenoids, respectively. Although resveratrol accumulation in response to external stimulus has been described in peanut, there are no comprehensive studies of the CHS and STS gene families in the genus Arachis. In the present study, we identified and characterized 6 CHS and 46 STS genes in the tetraploid peanut and an average of 4 CHS and 22 STS genes in three diploid wild species (Arachis duranensis, Arachis ipaënsis and Arachis stenosperma). The CHS and STS gene and protein structures, chromosomal distributions, phylogenetic relationships, conserved amino acid domains, and cis-acting elements in the promoter regions were described for all Arachis species studied. Based on gene expression patterns of wild A. stenosperma STS genes in response to different biotic and abiotic stresses, we selected the candidate AsSTS4 gene, which is strongly induced by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, for further functional investigation. The AsSTS4 overexpression in peanut hairy roots significantly reduced (47%) root-knot nematode infection, confirming that stilbene synthesis activation in transgenic plants can increase resistance to pathogens. These findings contribute to understanding the role of resveratrol in stress responses in Arachis species and provide the basis for genetic engineering for improved production of valuable secondary metabolites in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Miranda Brasileiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (M.A.G.); (B.M.P.); (A.P.Z.M.); (M.N.A.); (A.C.Q.M.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.M.G.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology-INCT PlantStress Biotech-Embrapa, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcos Aparecido Gimenes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (M.A.G.); (B.M.P.); (A.P.Z.M.); (M.N.A.); (A.C.Q.M.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Bruna Medeiros Pereira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (M.A.G.); (B.M.P.); (A.P.Z.M.); (M.N.A.); (A.C.Q.M.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Ana Paula Zotta Mota
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (M.A.G.); (B.M.P.); (A.P.Z.M.); (M.N.A.); (A.C.Q.M.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Matheus Nascimento Aguiar
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (M.A.G.); (B.M.P.); (A.P.Z.M.); (M.N.A.); (A.C.Q.M.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Andressa Cunha Quintana Martins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (M.A.G.); (B.M.P.); (A.P.Z.M.); (M.N.A.); (A.C.Q.M.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Mario Alfredo Saraiva Passos
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (M.A.G.); (B.M.P.); (A.P.Z.M.); (M.N.A.); (A.C.Q.M.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.M.G.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology-INCT PlantStress Biotech-Embrapa, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Patricia Messenberg Guimaraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (M.A.G.); (B.M.P.); (A.P.Z.M.); (M.N.A.); (A.C.Q.M.); (M.A.S.P.); (P.M.G.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology-INCT PlantStress Biotech-Embrapa, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
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Zhang C, Guo X, Wang H, Dai X, Yan B, Wang S, Guo L. Induction and metabolomic analysis of hairy roots of Atractylodes lancea. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6655-6670. [PMID: 37688598 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea is an important source of traditional Chinese medicines. Sesquiterpenoids are the key active compounds in A. lancea, and their presence determines the quality of the material. Hairy hoot (HR) culture is a potential method to produce medicinally active compounds industrially; however, the induction and metabolic profiling of A. lancea HR have not been reported. We found that optimal induction of A. lancea HR was achieved by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain C58C1 using the young leaves of tissue culture seedlings in the rooting stage as explants. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analyses of the chemical compositions of HR and normal root (NR) led to the annotation of 1046 metabolites. Over 200 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified, with 41 found to be up-regulated in HR relative to NR and 179 down-regulated in HR. Specifically, atractylodin levels were higher in HR, while the levels of β-eudesmol and hinesol were higher in NR. Metabolic pathway analyses showed a significant difference in metabolites of the shikimate acid pathway between HR and NR. Five A. lancea compounds are potential biomarkers for evaluation of HR and NR quality. This study provides an important reference for the application of HR for the production of medicinally active compounds. KEY POINTS: • We established an efficient protocol for the induction of HR in A. lancea • HR was found to have a significantly higher amount of atractylodin than did NRs • Metabolic pathway analyses showed a significant difference in metabolites of the shikimate acid pathway between HR and NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dexing, 334220, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
- Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dexing, 334220, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
- Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dexing, 334220, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
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Liu X, Su L, Li L, Zhang Z, Li X, Liang Q, Li L. Transcriptome profiling reveals characteristics of hairy root and the role of AhGLK1 in response to drought stress and post-drought recovery in peanut. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:119. [PMID: 36927268 PMCID: PMC10018853 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HR (hairy root) has emerged as a valuable tissue for the rapid characterization of plant gene function and enzyme activity in vivo. AhGLK1 (Arachis hypogaea L. golden2-like 1) is known to play a role in post-drought recovery. However, it is unclear (a) whether HR has properties that are distinct from those of PR (primary root); and (b) which gene networks are regulated by AhGLK1 in response to drought stress and recovery in peanut. RESULTS We found that cells of the root tip cortex were larger in HR than in PR, while a total of 850 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in HR compared to PR. Eighty-eight of these DEGs, relating to chlorophyll and photosynthesis, were upregulated in HR. In addition, AhGLK1-OX (AhGLK1-overexpressing) HR showed a green phenotype, and had a higher relative water content than 35 S::eGFP (control) HR during drought stress. RNA-seq analysis showed that 74 DEGs involved both in the drought response and the post-drought recovery process were significantly enriched in the galactose metabolism pathway. GO terms enrichment analysis revealed that 59.19%, 29.79% and 17.02% of the DEGs mapped to the 'biological process' (BP), 'molecular function' (MF) and 'cellular component' (CC) domains, respectively. Furthermore, 20 DEGs involved in post-drought recovery were uniquely expressed in AhGLK1-OX HR and were significantly enriched in the porphyrin metabolism pathway. GO analysis showed that 42.42%, 30.30% and 27.28% of DEGs could be assigned to the BP, MF and CC domains, respectively. Transcription factors including bHLH and MYB family members may play a key role during drought stress and recovery. CONCLUSION Our data reveal that HR has some of the characteristics of leaves, indicating that HR is suitable for studying genes that are mainly expressed in leaves. The RNA-seq results are consistent with previous studies that show chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis to be critical for the role of AhGLK1 in improving post-drought recovery growth in peanut. These findings provide in-depth insights that will be of great utility for the exploration of candidate gene functions in relation to drought tolerance and/or post-drought recovery ability in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, 519040, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangchen Su
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, 519040, Zhuhai, China
| | - Limei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjian Liang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China.
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Jia H, Chen J, Zhang L, Zhang L. The First Report on Transgenic Hairy Root Induction from the Stem of Tung Tree (Vernicia fordii). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101315. [PMID: 35631740 PMCID: PMC9148109 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is an industrially important oil-bearing woody plant of the Euphorbiaceae family. Functional studies of tung tree at the molecular level are limited by the lack of an efficient transgenic system. The Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root generation system is an alternative to typical plant transformation systems. However, its application in many plants has been blocked due to the inability of existing methods to induce hairy roots. Thus, it is critical to build a method suitable for the hairy induction of the specific plant of interest. In this study, a modified method for tung tree was developed, and it is the first report that hairy roots could be effectively induced in the stem of tung tree. With the method, an average of 10.7 hairy roots per seedling were generated in tung tree, approximately 67% of seedlings produced transgenic hairy roots and approximately 13.96% of the hairy roots of these seedlings were transgenic. This modified method is also suitable for the hairy root induction of two other oil-bearing plants of the Euphorbiaceae family, Ricinus communis and Vernicia montana. This modified method will accelerate functional studies of tung tree at the molecular level and also shed light on plants lacking a transgenic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China; (H.J.); (J.C.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China; (H.J.); (J.C.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China; (H.J.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-0846-8074 (L.Z.); +86-151-7242-2085 (L.Z.)
| | - Lingling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-0846-8074 (L.Z.); +86-151-7242-2085 (L.Z.)
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Nanjareddy K, Zepeda‐Jazo I, Arthikala M. A protocol for the generation of Arachis hypogaea composite plants: A valuable tool for the functional study of mycorrhizal symbiosis. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2022; 10:e11454. [PMID: 35228912 PMCID: PMC8861588 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced hairy root systems are one of the most preferred and versatile systems for the functional characterization of genes. The use of hairy root systems is a rapid and convenient alternative for studying root biology, biotic and abiotic stresses, and root symbiosis in in vitro recalcitrant legume species such as Arachis hypogaea. METHODS AND RESULTS We present a rapid, simplified method for the generation of composite A. hypogaea plants with transgenic hairy roots. We demonstrate a technique of hairy root induction mediated by A. rhizogenes from young A. hypogaea shoots. The efficacy of the system for producing transgenic roots is demonstrated using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression vector. Furthermore, the application of the system for studying root branching is shown using the auxin-responsive marker DR5 promoter fused to β-glucuronidase (GUS). Finally, the success of the hairy root system for root symbiotic studies is illustrated by inoculating hairy roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we have developed a rapid, efficient, and cost-effective composite plant protocol for A. hypogaea that is particularly effective for root-related studies and for the validation of candidate genes in A. hypogaea during mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad LeónUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, C.P.37689GuanajuatoMexico
| | - Isaac Zepeda‐Jazo
- Departamento de Genómica AlimentariaUniversidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacán de Ocampo, Sahuayo, C.P.59103Michoacán de OcampoMexico
| | - Manoj‐Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad LeónUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, C.P.37689GuanajuatoMexico
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Raul B, Sinharoy S. An Improvised Hairy Root Transformation Method for Efficient Gene Silencing in Roots and Nodules of Arachis hypogaea. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2408:303-316. [PMID: 35325431 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1875-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a major oilseed crop and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate zone worldwide. Peanut belongs to the Papilionoid family with an atypical nodule developmental program. In particular, rhizobia enter through developmental cracks and lead to the formation of aeschynomenoid subtype determinate nodules. Peanut nodules are efficient nitrogen-fixers and form swollen bacteroid containing symbiosomes. The allotetraploid genome and recalcitrance to stable transformation used to be the major bottleneck for peanut biologists. Recent genome sequencing of peanut cultivar Tifrunner has opened up a huge opportunity for molecular research. A composite plant contains transformed roots with a non-transformed shoot. The composite plant-based approach has already proven to be a tool of choice for high throughput studies in root biology. The available protocols failed to generate efficient hairy root transformation in the genome sequenced cultivar Tifrunner. Here we describe an efficient hairy root transformation and composite plant generation protocol for the peanut cultivar Tifrunner. Our protocol generated ~92% plant regeneration efficiency with between 21.8% and 58.6% co-transformed root regeneration. We also show that this protocol can be efficiently used for protein localization, promoter GUS analysis, monitoring hormone response, and RNAi mediated knockdown of the genes using genome sequenced cultivar Tifrunner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Raul
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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9
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Zhang L, Ren Y, Xu Q, Wan Y, Zhang S, Yang G, Huang J, Yan K, Zheng C, Wu C. SiCEP3, a C-terminally encoded peptide from Setaria italica, promotes ABA import and signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6260-6273. [PMID: 34097059 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
C-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs) are small peptides, typically post-translationally modified, and highly conserved in many species. CEPs are known to inhibit plant growth and development, but the mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, 14 CEPs were identified in Setaria italica and divided into two groups. The transcripts of most SiCEPs were more abundant in roots than in other detected tissues. SiCEP3, SiCEP4, and SiCEP5 were also highly expressed in panicles. Moreover, expression of all SiCEPs was induced by abiotic stresses and phytohormones. SiCEP3 overexpression and application of synthetic SiCEP3 both inhibited seedling growth. In the presence of abscisic acid (ABA), growth inhibition and ABA content in seedlings increased with the concentration of SiCEP3. Transcripts encoding eight ABA transporters and six ABA receptors were induced or repressed by synthetic SiCEP3, ABA, and their combination. Further analysis using loss-of-function mutants of Arabidopsis genes functioning as ABA transporters, receptors, and in the biosynthesis and degradation of ABA revealed that SiCEP3 promoted ABA import at least via NRT1.2 (NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1.2) and ABCG40 (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE G40). In addition, SiCEP3, ABA, or their combination inhibited the kinase activities of CEP receptors AtCEPR1/2. Taken together, our results indicated that the CEP-CEPR module mediates ABA signaling by regulating ABA transporters and ABA receptors in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Engineering center of Saline-alkali soil plant - microbial joint restoration, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018,China
| | - Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Engineering center of Saline-alkali soil plant - microbial joint restoration, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018,China
| | - Qian Xu
- Phytohormone Analysis Platform, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yiman Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Engineering center of Saline-alkali soil plant - microbial joint restoration, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018,China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Engineering center of Saline-alkali soil plant - microbial joint restoration, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018,China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Engineering center of Saline-alkali soil plant - microbial joint restoration, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018,China
| | - Jinguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Engineering center of Saline-alkali soil plant - microbial joint restoration, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018,China
| | - Kang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Engineering center of Saline-alkali soil plant - microbial joint restoration, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018,China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Engineering center of Saline-alkali soil plant - microbial joint restoration, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018,China
| | - Changai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Engineering center of Saline-alkali soil plant - microbial joint restoration, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018,China
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10
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Brasileiro ACM, Lacorte C, Pereira BM, Oliveira TN, Ferreira DS, Mota APZ, Saraiva MAP, Araujo ACG, Silva LP, Guimaraes PM. Ectopic expression of an expansin-like B gene from wild Arachis enhances tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1681-1696. [PMID: 34231270 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant expansins are structural cell wall-loosening proteins implicated in several developmental processes and responses to environmental constraints and pathogen infection. To date, there is limited information about the biological function of expansins-like B (EXLBs), one of the smallest and less-studied subfamilies of plant expansins. In the present study, we conducted a functional analysis of the wild Arachis AdEXLB8 gene in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants to clarify its putative role in mediating defense responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. First, its cell wall localization was confirmed in plants expressing an AdEXLB8:eGFP fusion protein, while nanomechanical assays indicated cell wall reorganization and reassembly due to AdEXLB8 overexpression without compromising the phenotype. We further demonstrated that AdEXLB8 increased tolerance not only to isolated abiotic (drought) and biotic (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Meloidogyne incognita) stresses but also to their combination. The jasmonate and abscisic acid signaling pathways were clearly favored in transgenic plants, showing an activated antioxidative defense system. In addition to modifications in the biomechanical properties of the cell wall, we propose that AdEXLB8 overexpression interferes with phytohormone dynamics leading to a defense primed state, which culminates in plant defense responses against isolated and combined abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna M Pereira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thais N Oliveira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Deziany S Ferreira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana P Z Mota
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ana C G Araujo
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luciano P Silva
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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11
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Martins AC, Mehta A, Murad AM, Mota AP, Saraiva MA, Araújo AC, Miller RN, Brasileiro AC, Guimarães PM. Proteomics unravels new candidate genes for Meloidogyne resistance in wild Arachis. J Proteomics 2020; 217:103690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Beigmohamadi M, Movafeghi A, Jafari S, Sharafi A. Potential of the genetically transformed root cultures ofPlumbago europaeafor biomass and plumbagin production. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2905. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Movafeghi
- Faculty of Natural ScienceUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Samineh Jafari
- Pharmacognosy Department, School of PharmacyZanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, School of PharmacyZanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
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13
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Bahramnejad B, Naji M, Bose R, Jha S. A critical review on use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and their associated binary vectors for plant transformation. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107405. [PMID: 31185263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Agrobacterium rhizogenes, along with A. tumefaciens, has been used to affect genetic transformation in plants for many years. Detailed studies conducted in the past have uncovered the basic mechanism of foreign gene transfer and the implication of Ri/Ti plasmids in this process. A number of reviews exist describing the usage of binary vectors with A. tumefaciens, but no comprehensive account of the numerous binary vectors employed with A. rhizogenes and their successful applications has been published till date. In this review, we recollect a brief history of development of Ri-plasmid/Ri-T-DNA based binary vectors systems and their successful implementation with A. rhizogenes for different applications. The modification of native Ri plasmid to introduce foreign genes followed by development of binary vector using Ri plasmid and how it facilitated rapid and feasible genetic manipulation, earlier impossible with native Ri plasmid, have been discussed. An important milestone was the development of inducible plant expressing promoter systems which made expression of toxic genes in plant systems possible. The successful application of binary vectors in conjunction with A. rhizogenes in gene silencing and genome editing studies which are relatively newer developments, demonstrating the amenability and adaptability of hairy roots systems to make possible studying previously intractable research areas have been summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Bahramnejad
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Naji
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Rahul Bose
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Sumita Jha
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
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14
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Yao Q, Yu Z, Liu P, Zheng H, Xu Y, Sai S, Wu Y, Zheng C. High Efficient Expression and Purification of Human Epidermal Growth Factor in Arachis Hypogaea L. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082045. [PMID: 31027239 PMCID: PMC6515032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has drawn intense research attention due to its potential ability to promote healing of serious injuries, such as cuts, burns, and diabetic ulcers. Although hEGF displays prospective clinical value, the growth factor is restricted to the treatment of chronic diabetic ulcers because of its high production cost. Methods: Leguminous plant peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) hairy roots contain relatively few toxic and harmful substances, and tested as an excellent production system for hEGF in our study. To explore the possibility of hEGF expression in peanut, hEGF overexpression hairy roots were obtained by infecting leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes R1601. Results: The maximum transgenic hairy roots inducing rate was 82%. Protein purification and mass spectrometry assays showed that the protein expressed in peanut hairy roots was identified as hEGF. Furthermore, Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay showed that hEGF promoted HL-7702 liver cells proliferation, which indicate that hEGF has biological activity and non-toxic on human cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the capacity of peanut hairy root cultures as a controlled, sustainable, and scalable production system that can be induced to produce valued human proteins, such as hEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshou Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medicial University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Zipeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Pu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Sixiang Sai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medicial University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yuyong Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medicial University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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15
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Vinson CC, Mota APZ, Oliveira TN, Guimaraes LA, Leal-Bertioli SCM, Williams TCR, Nepomuceno AL, Saraiva MAP, Araujo ACG, Guimaraes PM, Brasileiro ACM. Early responses to dehydration in contrasting wild Arachis species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198191. [PMID: 29847587 PMCID: PMC5976199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild peanut relatives (Arachis spp.) are genetically diverse and were selected throughout evolution to a range of environments constituting, therefore, an important source of allelic diversity for abiotic stress tolerance. In particular, A. duranensis and A. stenosperma, the parents of the reference Arachis A-genome genetic map, show contrasting transpiration behavior under limited water conditions. This study aimed to build a comprehensive gene expression profile of these two wild species under dehydration stress caused by the withdrawal of hydroponic nutrient solution. For this purpose, roots of both genotypes were collected at seven time-points during the early stages of dehydration and used to construct cDNA paired-end libraries. Physiological analyses indicated initial differences in gas exchange parameters between the drought-tolerant genotype of A. duranensis and the drought-sensitive genotype of A. stenosperma. High-quality Illumina reads were mapped against the A. duranensis reference genome and resulted in the identification of 1,235 and 799 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) that responded to the stress treatment in roots of A. duranensis and A. stenosperma, respectively. Further analysis, including functional annotation and identification of biological pathways represented by these DEGs confirmed the distinct gene expression behavior of the two contrasting Arachis species genotypes under dehydration stress. Some species-exclusive and common DEGs were then selected for qRT-PCR analysis, which corroborated the in silico expression profiling. These included genes coding for regulators and effectors involved in drought tolerance responses, such as activation of osmosensing molecular cascades, control of hormone and osmolyte content, and protection of macromolecules. This dataset of transcripts induced during the dehydration process in two wild Arachis genotypes constitute new tools for the understanding of the distinct gene regulation processes in these closely related species but with contrasting drought responsiveness. In addition, our findings provide insights into the nature of drought tolerance in wild germoplasm, which might be explored as novel sources of diversity and useful wild alleles to develop climate-resilient crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cleo Vinson
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF–Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Zotta Mota
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS—Brazil
| | - Thais Nicolini Oliveira
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS—Brazil
| | - Larissa Arrais Guimaraes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Claudia Guerra Araujo
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
| | | | - Ana C. M. Brasileiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, CP, Final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF–Brazil
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