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Wang B, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yin S, Liu B, Ding S, Qiu B, Deng X. Evaluating contouring accuracy and dosimetry impact of current MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy for brain metastases: a retrospective study. J Neurooncol 2024; 167:123-132. [PMID: 38300388 PMCID: PMC10978730 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgART) has gained increasing attention, showing clinical advantages over conventional radiotherapy. However, there are concerns regarding online target delineation and modification accuracy. In our study, we aimed to investigate the accuracy of brain metastases (BMs) contouring and its impact on dosimetry in 1.5 T MRI-guided online adaptive fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). METHODS Eighteen patients with 64 BMs were retrospectively evaluated. Pre-treatment 3.0 T MRI scans (gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1w, T1c) and initial 1.5 T MR-Linac scans (non-enhanced online-T1, T2, and FLAIR) were used for gross target volume (GTV) contouring. Five radiation oncologists independently contoured GTVs on pre-treatment T1c and initial online-T1, T2, and FLAIR images. We assessed intra-observer and inter-observer variations and analysed the dosimetry impact through treatment planning based on GTVs generated by online MRI, simulating the current online adaptive radiotherapy practice. RESULTS The average Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) for inter-observer comparison were 0.79, 0.54, 0.59, and 0.64 for pre-treatment T1c, online-T1, T2, and FLAIR, respectively. Inter-observer variations were significantly smaller for the 3.0 T pre-treatment T1c than for the contrast-free online 1.5 T MR scans (P < 0.001). Compared to the T1c contours, the average DSC index of intra-observer contouring was 0.52‒0.55 for online MRIs. For BMs larger than 3 cm3, visible on all image sets, the average DSC indices were 0.69, 0.71 and 0.64 for online-T1, T2, and FLAIR, respectively, compared to the pre-treatment T1c contour. For BMs < 3 cm3, the average visibility rates were 22.3%, 41.3%, and 51.8% for online-T1, T2, and FLAIR, respectively. Simulated adaptive planning showed an average prescription dose coverage of 63.4‒66.9% when evaluated by ground truth planning target volumes (PTVs) generated on pre-treatment T1c, reducing it from over 99% coverage by PTVs generated on online MRIs. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of online target contouring was unsatisfactory for the current MRI-guided online adaptive FSRT. Small lesions had poor visibility on 1.5 T non-contrast-enhanced MR-Linac images. Contour inaccuracies caused a one-third drop in prescription dose coverage for the target volume. Future studies should explore the feasibility of contrast agent administration during daily treatment in MRI-guided online adaptive FSRT procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohan Yin
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Biaoshui Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouliang Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaowu Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Liu M, Tang B, Orlandini LC, Li J, Wang X, Peng Q, Thwaites D. Potential dosimetric error in the adaptive workflow of a 1.5 T MR-Linac from patient movement relative to immobilisation systems. Phys Eng Sci Med 2024; 47:351-359. [PMID: 38227140 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In magnetic resonance- (MR-) based adaptive workflows for an MR-linac, the treatment plan is optimized and recalculated online using the daily MR images. The Unity MR-linac is supplied with a patient positioning device (ppd) using pelvic and abdomen thermoplastic masks attached to a board with high-density components. This study highlights the dosimetric effect of using this in such workflows when there are relative patient-ppd displacements, as these are not visualized on MR imaging and the treatment planning system assumes the patient is fixed relative to the ppd. The online adapted plans of two example rectum cancer patients treated at a Unity MR-linac were perturbed by introducing relative patient-ppd displacements, and the effect was evaluated on plan dosimetry. Forty-eight perturbed clinical adapted plans were recalculated, based on online MR-based synthetic computed tomography, and compared with the original plans, using dose-volume histogram parameters and gamma analysis. The target volume covered by the prescribed dose ( D pre ) and by at least 107% of D pre varied up to - 1.87% and + 3.67%, respectively for 0.5 cm displacements, and to - 3.18% and + 4.96% for 2 cm displacements; whilst 2%-2 mm gamma analysis showed a median value of 92.9%. The use of a patient positioning system with high-density components in a Unity MR-based online adaptive treatment workflow can introduce unrecognized errors in plan dosimetry and it is recommended not to use such a device for such treatments, without modifying the device and the workflow, followed by careful clinical evaluation, or alternatively to use other immobilization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Radiation Oncology Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chengdu, China
| | - Lucia Clara Orlandini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Radiation Oncology Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chengdu, China.
- Radiotherapy Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's Hospital and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chengdu, China.
- Radiotherapy Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's Hospital and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Qian Peng
- Radiation Oncology Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chengdu, China
| | - David Thwaites
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney West Radiation Oncology Network, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Radiotherapy Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's Hospital and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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