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Curado F, Rösner S, Zielke S, Westphal G, Grittner U, Skrahina V, Alasel M, Malik AM, Beetz C, Böttcher T, Barel G, Sah AP, Dinur T, Anjum N, Ichraf Q, Kriouile Y, Hadipour Z, Hadipour F, Revel-Vilk S, Cozma C, Hartkamp J, Cheema H, Zimran A, Bauer P, Rolfs A. Insights into the Value of Lyso-Gb1 as a Predictive Biomarker in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Gaucher Disease Type 1 in the LYSO-PROOF Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2812. [PMID: 37685353 PMCID: PMC10487050 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder arising from bi-allelic variants in the GBA1 gene, encoding glucocerebrosidase. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to progressive accumulation of the sphingolipid glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1). The international, multicenter, observational "Lyso-Gb1 as a Long-term Prognostic Biomarker in Gaucher Disease"-LYSO-PROOF study succeeded in enrolling a cohort of 160 treatment-naïve GD patients from diverse geographic regions and evaluated the potential of lyso-Gb1 as a specific biomarker for GD. Using genotypes based on established classifications for clinical presentation, patients were stratified into type 1 GD (n = 114) and further subdivided into mild (n = 66) and severe type 1 GD (n = 48). Due to having previously unreported genotypes, 46 patients could not be classified. Though lyso-Gb1 values at enrollment were widely distributed, they displayed a moderate and statistically highly significant correlation with disease severity measured by the GD-DS3 scoring system in all GD patients (r = 0.602, p < 0.0001). These findings support the utility of lyso-Gb1 as a sensitive biomarker for GD and indicate that it could help to predict the clinical course of patients with undescribed genotypes to improve personalized care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Curado
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Sabine Rösner
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Susanne Zielke
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Gina Westphal
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mohammed Alasel
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Ahmad Mehmood Malik
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Christian Beetz
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Tobias Böttcher
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Gal Barel
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Ashish Prasad Sah
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Tama Dinur
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel; (T.D.); (S.R.-V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nadeem Anjum
- The Children’s Hospital and University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (N.A.); (H.C.)
| | - Quidad Ichraf
- Children Hospital’s Rabat, Neuropediatric-Metabolic, Rabat 6527, Morocco; (Q.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yamna Kriouile
- Children Hospital’s Rabat, Neuropediatric-Metabolic, Rabat 6527, Morocco; (Q.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Zahra Hadipour
- Soodbakhash Poly Clinic, Atiyeh Hospital, Tehran 1416753955, Iran; (Z.H.); (F.H.)
- Medical Genetics Department, Pars Research Center & Hospital, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hadipour
- Soodbakhash Poly Clinic, Atiyeh Hospital, Tehran 1416753955, Iran; (Z.H.); (F.H.)
- Medical Genetics Department, Pars Research Center & Hospital, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Shoshana Revel-Vilk
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel; (T.D.); (S.R.-V.); (A.Z.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Claudia Cozma
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jörg Hartkamp
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Huma Cheema
- The Children’s Hospital and University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (N.A.); (H.C.)
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel; (T.D.); (S.R.-V.); (A.Z.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Peter Bauer
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (F.C.); (S.R.); (S.Z.); (G.W.); (M.A.); (A.M.M.); (C.B.); (T.B.); (A.P.S.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Agyany Pharmaceutics Ltd., Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
- RCV Rare Disease GmbH, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Leonart LP, Fachi MM, Böger B, Silva MRD, Szpak R, Lombardi NF, Pedroso MLA, Pontarolo R. A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Longitudinal Studies on Drug Treatments for Gaucher Disease. Ann Pharmacother 2023; 57:267-282. [PMID: 35815393 DOI: 10.1177/10600280221108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare disorder linked to the absence/deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. GD can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT). The aim of this systematic review (SR) is to assess the effectiveness of drugs used for GD treatment. DATA SOURCES Searches were conducted in PubMed and Scopus, in April 2021. The search strategies encompassed the name of the disease and of the drug treatments. Manual search was also conducted. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Observational and interventional longitudinal studies evaluating ERT and SRT for GD were included. Single mean meta-analyses were conducted for each drug using R. DATA SYNTHESIS The initial search retrieved 2246 articles after duplicates were removed. Following screening and eligibility assessment, 68 reports were included. The studies evaluated imiglucerase, velaglucerase alfa, taliglucerase alfa, miglustat, and eliglustat. The results showed that ERT is effective as a treatment in both naïve and experienced patients. Miglustat did not significantly improve blood outcomes in naïve patients and resulted in a decrease in the platelet levels of experienced patients. Eliglustat was mainly assessed for experienced patients and resulted in stable outcome values. RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE This extensive SR confirms the effectiveness of GD treatments in short- and long-term follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS The results were favorable for all ERTs and for eliglustat. Based on the assessed evidence, miglustat did not achieved expressive results. However, all evidence should be interpreted considering its limitations and does not replace well-conducted randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Paula Leonart
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Fachi
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Böger
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Szpak
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Giuffrida G, Markovic U, Condorelli A, Calafiore V, Nicolosi D, Calagna M, Grasso S, Ragusa MTV, Gentile J, Napolitano M. Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) as a reliable biomarker in Gaucher disease: a narrative review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:27. [PMID: 36782327 PMCID: PMC9926807 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare, inherited, autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, acid β-glucosidase. Its diagnosis is achieved via measurements of acid β-glucosidase activity in either fresh peripheral blood leukocytes or dried blood spots, and confirmed by identifying characteristic mutations in the GBA1 gene. Currently, several biomarkers are available for disease monitoring. Chitotriosidase has been used over the last 20 years to assess the severity of GD, but lacks specificity in GD patients. Conversely, the deacylated form of glucosylceramide, glucosylsphingosine (also known as lyso-Gb1), represents a more reliable biomarker characterized by its high sensitivity and specificity in GD. MAIN TEXT Herein, we review the current literature on lyso-Gb1 and describe evidence supporting its usefulness as a biomarker for diagnosing and evaluating disease severity in GD and monitoring treatment efficacy. CONCLUSION Lyso-Gb1 is the most promising biomarker of GD, as demonstrated by its reliability in reflecting disease burden and monitoring treatment response. Furthermore, lyso-Gb1 may play an important role in the onset of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, multiple myeloma, and Parkinson's disease in GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Giuffrida
- Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
| | - Uros Markovic
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy ,Oncohematology and BMT Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy ,grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa Condorelli
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy ,grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Calafiore
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Nicolosi
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Marianna Calagna
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy ,grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephanie Grasso
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariasanta Napolitano
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Gayed MM, Jung SH, Huggins E, Rodriguez-Rassi E, DeArmey S, Kishnani PS, Stiles AR. Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb 1): An Informative Biomarker in the Clinical Monitoring of Patients with Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314938. [PMID: 36499264 PMCID: PMC9736277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, disease burden and treatment responses in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) was assessed by monitoring clinical data, laboratory, imaging, chitotriosidase (CHITO), and other biomarkers; however, these biomarkers lack specificity and CHITO is uninformative in patients heterozygous or homozygous for the CHIT1 c.1049_1072dup24 variant. Recently, glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), a sensitive and specific GD biomarker, has been recommended for patient monitoring. Furthermore, studies measuring lyso-Gb1 and CHITO in patients on long-term treatment with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and/or substrate reduction therapy (SRT) reported as group data show a reduction in both analytes, yet individualized patient data are generally unavailable. We describe seven patients on long-term treatment with longitudinal clinical data with monitoring based on current treatment guidelines. We present four patients who exhibit stable disease with normalized CHITO despite elevated lyso-Gb1. We present one patient who transitioned from ERT to SRT due to lack of a clinical response with life-threatening thrombocytopenia who responded with marked improvement in platelets, and normalized levels of both CHITO and lyso-Gb1. Finally, we present two ERT to SRT switch patients with stable disease on ERT who exhibited non-compliance on SRT, one with mirrored marked elevations of CHITO and lyso-Gb1; and another with normal CHITO and platelets, but increasing lyso-Gb1 levels and enlarged spleen. These clinical vignettes highlight the role of lyso-Gb1 as a sensitive biomarker in management of patients with GD, and its further value when CHITO is normal and thus uninformative. We highlight the personalized medicine approach needed to optimize treatment outcomes and recommendations for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Gayed
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seung-Hye Jung
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erin Huggins
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eleanor Rodriguez-Rassi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stephanie DeArmey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priya Sunil Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashlee R. Stiles
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC 27713, USA
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Ida H, Watanabe Y, Sagara R, Inoue Y, Fernandez J. An observational study to investigate the relationship between plasma glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) concentration and treatment outcomes of patients with Gaucher disease in Japan. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:401. [PMID: 36329499 PMCID: PMC9635088 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by GBA1 mutations resulting in glucosylceramide accumulation in macrophages. GD is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bone complications, and neurological complications. Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), a deacylated form of glucosylceramide, has been identified as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment response in GD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma lyso-Gb1 and therapeutic goals for GD (improvements in hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bone pain, and bone crisis), as well as disease type and GBA1 mutation type, in Japanese patients with GD receiving velaglucerase alfa, an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Furthermore, this study compared the plasma lyso-Gb1 concentration observed in Japanese patients included in this study with that observed in a previous non-Japanese clinical study. RESULTS This non-interventional, open-label, multicenter observational cohort study (October 2020 to March 2021) included a total of 20 patients (of any age) with GD (type 1: n = 8; type 2: n = 9; type 3: n = 3) treated with velaglucerase alfa for ≥ 3 months. Median (minimum-maximum) duration of velaglucerase alfa treatment was 49.5 (3-107) months. A total of 14 (70.0%) patients achieved all therapeutic goals (i.e., 100% achievement; improvements in hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bone pain, and bone crisis). Overall, median (minimum-maximum) lyso-Gb1 concentration was 24.3 (2.1-150) ng/mL. Although not statistically significant, numerically lower plasma lyso-Gb1 concentrations were observed in patients with 100% achievement compared with those without; no statistically significant difference in plasma lyso-Gb1 concentration was observed between patients with different disease type or mutation type. Furthermore, lyso-Gb1 concentrations observed in Japanese patients were numerically lower than that observed in a previous study of non-Japanese patients with GD receiving ERT. CONCLUSIONS In this study, high achievement rates of therapeutic goals with low lyso-Gb1 concentration were observed, demonstrating a correlation between therapeutic goals and lower plasma lyso-Gb1 concentration in Japanese patients with GD treated with velaglucerase alfa. This study further suggests that plasma lyso-Gb1 concentration may be a useful biomarker for treatment response in patients with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ida
- grid.470100.20000 0004 1756 9754The Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- grid.419841.10000 0001 0673 6017Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 1-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 2-Chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-8668 Japan
| | - Rieko Sagara
- grid.419841.10000 0001 0673 6017Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 1-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 2-Chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-8668 Japan
| | - Yoichi Inoue
- grid.419841.10000 0001 0673 6017Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 1-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 2-Chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-8668 Japan
| | - Jovelle Fernandez
- grid.419841.10000 0001 0673 6017Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 1-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 2-Chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 103-8668 Japan
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Del Grosso A, Parlanti G, Mezzena R, Cecchini M. Current treatment options and novel nanotechnology-driven enzyme replacement strategies for lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114464. [PMID: 35878795 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a vast group of more than 50 clinically identified metabolic diseases. They are singly rare, but they affect collectively 1 on 5,000 live births. They result in most of the cases from an enzymatic defect within lysosomes, which causes the subsequent augmentation of unwanted substrates. This accumulation process leads to plenty of clinical signs, determined by the specific substrate and accumulation area. The majority of LSDs present a broad organ and tissue engagement. Brain, connective tissues, viscera and bones are usually afflicted. Among them, brain disease is markedly frequent (two-thirds of LSDs). The most clinically employed approach to treat LSDs is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which is practiced by administering systemically the missed or defective enzyme. It represents a healthful strategy for 11 LSDs at the moment, but it solves the pathology only in the case of Gaucher disease. This approach, in fact, is not efficacious in the case of LSDs that have an effect on the central nervous system (CNS) due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, ERT suffers from several other weak points, such as low penetration of the exogenously administered enzyme to poorly vascularized areas, the development of immunogenicity and infusion-associated reactions (IARs), and, last but not least, the very high cost and lifelong needed. To ameliorate these weaknesses lot of efforts have been recently spent around the development of innovative nanotechnology-driven ERT strategies. They may boost the power of ERT and minimize adverse reactions by loading enzymes into biodegradable nanomaterials. Enzyme encapsulation into biocompatible liposomes, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, for example, can protect enzymatic activity, eliminating immunologic reactions and premature enzyme degradation. It can also permit a controlled release of the payload, ameliorating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. Additionally, the potential to functionalize the surface of the nanocarrier with targeting agents (antibodies or peptides), could promote the passage through biological barriers. In this review we examined the clinically applied ERTs, highlighting limitations that do not allow to completely cure the specific LSD. Later, we critically consider the nanotechnology-based ERT strategies that have beenin-vitroand/orin-vivotested to improve ERT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Del Grosso
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Parlanti
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Mezzena
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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7
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Kong W, Lu C, Ding Y, Meng Y. Update of treatment for Gaucher disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Long-term eliglustat treatment of Gaucher patients over up to 10 years in Vienna. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2022; 134:471-477. [PMID: 35412052 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease has been the first lysosomal storage disorder for which an enzyme replacement therapy has been approved in the 1990s and was the first to receive approval for a first-line substrate reduction therapy in 2015. Eliglustat treatment has been started in Austria in patients recruited to a clinical trial, followed by its long-term extension and prescription treatment overall covering up to 10 years. In this case series the experience of treating Gaucher patients with eliglustat in Vienna is summarized. Patients were either switched from enzyme replacement therapy or were therapy naïve. Significant improvements were shown in hematological (thrombocytes, hemoglobin) and visceral (spleen volume) manifestations as well as in biomarkers (chitotriosidase, glucosylsphingosine [lyso-GL1], angiotensin converting enzyme) in a routine setting in a therapy-naïve patient. Stability was found in switch patients with slight improvement in bone density. Eliglustat was generally very well tolerated. Patient selection and regular monitoring is required to ensure effective and safe use.
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Jain V, Bose S, Arya AK, Arif T. Lysosomes in Stem Cell Quiescence: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071618. [PMID: 35406389 PMCID: PMC8996909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles that regulate essential biological processes such as cellular homeostasis, development, and aging. They are primarily connected to the degradation/recycling of cellular macromolecules and participate in cellular trafficking, nutritional signaling, energy metabolism, and immune regulation. Therefore, lysosomes connect cellular metabolism and signaling pathways. Lysosome's involvement in the critical biological processes has rekindled clinical interest towards this organelle for treating various diseases, including cancer. Recent research advancements have demonstrated that lysosomes also regulate the maintenance and hemostasis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which play a critical role in the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other types of cancer. Lysosomes regulate both HSCs' metabolic networks and identity transition. AML is a lethal type of blood cancer with a poor prognosis that is particularly associated with aging. Although the genetic landscape of AML has been extensively described, only a few targeted therapies have been produced, warranting the need for further research. This review summarizes the functions and importance of targeting lysosomes in AML, while highlighting the significance of lysosomes in HSCs maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Jain
- Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Swaroop Bose
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Awadhesh K. Arya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-241-4143; Fax: +212-860-9279
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Jennemann R, Volz M, Bestvater F, Schmidt C, Richter K, Kaden S, Müthing J, Gröne HJ, Sandhoff R. Blockade of Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Inhibits Cell Cycle and Spheroid Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro and Experimental Colon Cancer Incidence In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910539. [PMID: 34638879 PMCID: PMC8508865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in humans. At early stages CRC is treated by surgery and at advanced stages combined with chemotherapy. We examined here the potential effect of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS)-inhibition on CRC biology. GCS is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-biosynthesis pathway and overexpressed in many human tumors. We suppressed GSL-biosynthesis using the GCS inhibitor Genz-123346 (Genz), NB-DNJ (Miglustat) or by genetic targeting of the GCS-encoding gene UDP-glucose-ceramide-glucosyltransferase- (UGCG). GCS-inhibition or GSL-depletion led to a marked arrest of the cell cycle in Lovo cells. UGCG silencing strongly also inhibited tumor spheroid growth in Lovo cells and moderately in HCT116 cells. MS/MS analysis demonstrated markedly elevated levels of sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) that occurred in a Genz-concentration dependent manner. Ultrastructural analysis of Genz-treated cells indicated multi-lamellar lipid storage in vesicular compartments. In mice, Genz lowered the incidence of experimentally induced colorectal tumors and in particular the growth of colorectal adenomas. These results highlight the potential for GCS-based inhibition in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jennemann
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.V.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Volz
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Felix Bestvater
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Karsten Richter
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Sylvia Kaden
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.V.); (R.S.)
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11
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Fujii T, Tanaka Y, Oki H, Sato S, Shibata S, Maru T, Tanaka Y, Tanaka M, Onishi T. A new brain-penetrant glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor as potential Therapeutics for Gaucher disease. J Neurochem 2021; 159:543-553. [PMID: 34398463 PMCID: PMC9293090 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), the most common lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by GBA gene mutations resulting in glycosphingolipids accumulations in various tissues, such as the brain. While suppressing glycosphingolipid accumulation is the central strategy for treating peripheral symptoms of GD, there is no effective treatment for the central nervous system symptoms. As glycosphingolipid biosynthesis starts from ceramide glycosylation by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), inhibiting GCS in the brain is a promising strategy for neurological GD. Herein, we discovered T-036, a potent and brain-penetrant GCS inhibitor with a unique chemical structure and binding property. T-036 does not harbor an aliphatic amine moiety and has a noncompetitive inhibition mode to the substrates, unlike other known inhibitors. T-036 exhibited sufficient exposure and a significant reduction of glucosylsphingolipids in the plasma and brain of the GD mouse model. Therefore, T-036 could be a promising lead molecule for treating central nervous system symptoms of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujii
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Tanaka
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Oki
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sho Sato
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Shibata
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Maru
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Tanaka
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maiko Tanaka
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onishi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Paskulin LD, Starosta RT, Bertholdo D, Vairo FP, Vedolin L, Schwartz IVD. Bone marrow burden score is not useful as a follow-up parameter in stable patients with type 1 Gaucher disease after 5 years of treatment. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 90:102591. [PMID: 34242856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gaucher disease (GD) is one of the most prevalent lysosomal disorders, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 40,000 live births worldwide. Skeletal involvement is one of the main features of GD, causing morbidity and impacting long-term quality of life in patients with type 1 GD. OBJECTIVES To characterize bone marrow infiltration in patients with type 1 GD followed at the Gaucher Disease Referral Center of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and to assess whether the Bone Marrow Burden score (BMB) correlates with clinical or laboratory parameters. We also evaluated whether the BMB score is a suitable parameter for long-term follow-up of patients with type 1 GD. METHODS All included patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging for BMB score calculation at baseline, 1 year, and every other year thereafter or as clinically indicated from 2012 to 2018. RESULTS The BMB score tended to decrease during the first 5 years of treatment, at a rate of -1.08 points per year; after the 5-year mark, BMB tended to remain stable. CONCLUSIONS The BMB score is useful for response monitoring in the first five years of treatment. We recommend that, after 5 years of treatment, MRI for BMB evaluation should only be performed in non-adherent patients or in those who develop symptoms of acute skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia d'Ávila Paskulin
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Filippo Pinto Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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13
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Kok K, Zwiers KC, Boot RG, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG, Artola M. Fabry Disease: Molecular Basis, Pathophysiology, Diagnostics and Potential Therapeutic Directions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:271. [PMID: 33673160 PMCID: PMC7918333 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) characterized by the deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-GalA) and the consequent accumulation of toxic metabolites such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lysoGb3). Early diagnosis and appropriate timely treatment of FD patients are crucial to prevent tissue damage and organ failure which no treatment can reverse. LSDs might profit from four main therapeutic strategies, but hitherto there is no cure. Among the therapeutic possibilities are intravenous administered enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), oral pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT) or enzyme stabilizers, substrate reduction therapy (SRT) and the more recent gene/RNA therapy. Unfortunately, FD patients can only benefit from ERT and, since 2016, PCT, both always combined with supportive adjunctive and preventive therapies to clinically manage FD-related chronic renal, cardiac and neurological complications. Gene therapy for FD is currently studied and further strategies such as substrate reduction therapy (SRT) and novel PCTs are under investigation. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of FD, the pathophysiology and diagnostic procedures, together with the current treatments and potential therapeutic avenues that FD patients could benefit from in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kok
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley C Zwiers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf G Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Artola
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Raskovalova T, Deegan PB, Mistry PK, Pavlova E, Yang R, Zimran A, Berger J, Bourgne C, Pereira B, Labarère J, Berger MG. Accuracy of chitotriosidase activity and CCL18 concentration in assessing type I Gaucher disease severity. A systematic review with meta-analysis of individual participant data. Haematologica 2021; 106:437-445. [PMID: 32001533 PMCID: PMC7849573 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.236083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitotriosidase activity and CCL18 concentration are interchangeably used for monitoring Gaucher disease (GD) activity, together with clinical assessment. However, comparative studies of these two biomarkers are scarce and of limited sample size. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) was to compare the accuracy of chitotriosidase activity and CCL18 concentration for assessing type I GD severity. We identified cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies by searching Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from 1995 to June 2017, and by contacting research groups. The primary outcome was a composite of liver volume >1.25 multiple of normal (MN), spleen volume >5 MN, hemoglobin concentration <11 g/dL, and platelet count <100x109/L. Overall, IPD included 1109 observations from 334 patients enrolled in nine primary studies, after excluding 111 patients with undocumented values and 18 patients with deficient chitotriosidase activity. IPD were unavailable for 14 eligible primary studies. The primary outcome was associated with a 5.3-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2 to 6.6) and 3.0-fold (95% CI, 2.6 to 3.6) increase of the geometric mean for chitotriosidase activity and CCL18 concentration, respectively. The corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves were 0.82 and 0.84 (summary difference, 0.02, 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.05). The addition of chitotriosidase activity did not improve the accuracy of CCL18 concentration. Estimates remained robust in the sensitivity analysis and consistent across subgroups. Neither chitotriosidase activity nor CCL18 concentration varied significantly according to a recent history of bone events among 97 patients. In conclusion, CCL18 concentration is as accurate as chitotriosidase activity in assessing hematological and visceral parameters of GD severity and can be measured in all GD patients. This meta-analysis supports the use of CCL18 rather than chitotriosidase activity for monitoring GD activity in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Raskovalova
- Lab immunologie, Grenoble University Hospital, Universite' Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick B Deegan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pramod K Mistry
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elena Pavlova
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruby Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ari Zimran
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Juliette Berger
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hopital Estaing, Hematologie Biologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Bourgne
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hopital Estaing, Hematologie Biologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- DRCI, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - José Labarère
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, TIMC UMR CNRS 5525, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc G Berger
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hopital Estaing, Hematologie Biologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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15
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Value of Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) as a Biomarker in Gaucher Disease: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197159. [PMID: 32998334 PMCID: PMC7584006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenges in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of Gaucher disease (GD), an autosomal recessive inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism, can negatively impact clinical outcomes. This systematic literature review evaluated the value of glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), as the most reliable biomarker currently available for the diagnosis, prognosis, and disease/treatment monitoring of patients with GD. Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, ScienceOpen, Science.gov, Biological Abstracts, and Sci-Hub to identify original research articles relevant to lyso-Gb1 and GD published before March 2019. Seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 56 related to pathology and 21 related to clinical biomarkers. Evidence for lyso-Gb1 as a pathogenic mediator of GD was unequivocal, although its precise role requires further elucidation. Lyso-Gb1 was deemed a statistically reliable diagnostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker in GD. Evidence supports lyso-Gb1 as a disease-monitoring biomarker for GD, and some evidence supports lyso-Gb1 as a prognostic biomarker, but further study is required. Lyso-Gb1 meets the criteria for a biomarker as it is easily accessible and reliably quantifiable in plasma and dried blood spots, enables the elucidation of GD molecular pathogenesis, is diagnostically valuable, and reflects therapeutic responses. Evidentiary standards appropriate for verifying inter-laboratory lyso-Gb1 concentrations in plasma and in other anatomical sites are needed.
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16
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van Eijk M, Ferraz MJ, Boot RG, Aerts JMFG. Lyso-glycosphingolipids: presence and consequences. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:565-578. [PMID: 32808655 PMCID: PMC7517347 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lyso-glycosphingolipids are generated in excess in glycosphingolipid storage disorders. In the course of these pathologies glycosylated sphingolipid species accumulate within lysosomes due to flaws in the respective lipid degrading machinery. Deacylation of accumulating glycosphingolipids drives the formation of lyso-glycosphingolipids. In lysosomal storage diseases such as Gaucher Disease, Fabry Disease, Krabbe disease, GM1 -and GM2 gangliosidosis, Niemann Pick type C and Metachromatic leukodystrophy massive intra-lysosomal glycosphingolipid accumulation occurs. The lysosomal enzyme acid ceramidase generates the deacylated lyso-glycosphingolipid species. This review discusses how the various lyso-glycosphingolipids are synthesized, how they may contribute to abnormal immunity in glycosphingolipid storing lysosomal diseases and what therapeutic opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Ferraz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf G Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Yano S, Moseley K, Mahajan N, Warren M, Vachon L. Large Mesenteric Gaucheroma Responds to Substrate Reduction Therapy: A New Management of Gaucheromas. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 11:47-50. [PMID: 35186390 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gaucheromas, which are pseudotumors consisting of a cluster of Gaucher cells, are rare complications in Gaucher's disease (GD) and reported in patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Gaucheromas commonly develop in the lymph nodes in the mesenteric and mediastinal regions and can cause serious complications including protein-losing enteropathy. A large mesenteric Gaucheroma showed a significant reduction in size after initiation of substrate reduction therapy (SRT) with eliglustat in an adult patient with GD type 3. Combination therapy with ERT and SRT should be considered to prevent Gaucheromas in patients with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yano
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Kathryn Moseley
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Neha Mahajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Mikako Warren
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Linda Vachon
- Department of Radiology, Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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18
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Treatment Efficiency in Gaucher Patients Can Reliably Be Monitored by Quantification of Lyso-Gb1 Concentrations in Dried Blood Spots. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134577. [PMID: 32605119 PMCID: PMC7369829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder that responds well to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Certain laboratory parameters, including blood concentration of glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1), the lyso-derivate of the common glycolipid glucocerebroside, correlate with clinical improvement and are therefore considered candidate-monitoring biomarkers. Whether they can indicate a reduction or loss of treatment efficiency, however, has not been systematically addressed for obvious reasons. We established and validated measurement of Lyso-Gb1 from dried blood spots (DBSs) by mass spectrometry. We then characterized the assay’s longitudinal performance in 19 stably ERT-treated GD patients by dense monitoring over a 3-year period. The observed level of fluctuation was accounted for in the subsequent development of a unifying data normalization concept. The resulting approach was eventually applied to data from Lyso-Gb1 measurements after an involuntary treatment break for all 19 patients. It enabled separation of the “under treatment” versus “not under treatment” conditions with high sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that Lyso-Gb1 determination from DBSs indicates treatment issues already at an early stage before clinical consequences arise. In addition to its previously shown diagnostic utility, Lyso-Gb1 thereby qualifies as a monitoring biomarker in GD patients.
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19
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Irún P, Cebolla JJ, López de Frutos L, De Castro-Orós I, Roca-Espiau M, Giraldo P. LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma glucosylsphingosine as a biomarker for diagnosis and follow-up monitoring in Gaucher disease in the Spanish population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:798-809. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundGaucher disease (GD), caused by a deficiency in acid β-glucosidase, leads to the accumulation of glucosylsphingosine (GluSph), which has been used as a powerful biomarker for the diagnosis and follow-up of GD. Our aim was to perform the first retrospective study of GluSph in Spanish patients, analyzing its relationship with classical biomarkers and other parameters of disease and its utility regarding treatment monitoring.MethodsClassical biomarkers were evaluated retrospectively by standard methods in a total of 145 subjects, including 47 GD patients, carriers, healthy controls and patients suffering from other lysosomal lipidoses. GluSph was also measured using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method developed as part of the present study.ResultsThe optimized method presented intra- and inter-assay variations of 3.1 and 11.5%, respectively, overall recovery higher than 96% and linearity up to plasma concentrations of 1000 ng/mL with 100% specificity and sensitivity. Only GD patients displayed GluSph levels above 5.4 ng/mL at diagnosis and this was significantly correlated with the classical biomarkers chitotriosidase (r = 0.560) and the chemokine CCL18/PARC (CCL18/PARC) (ρ = 0.515), as well as with the Spanish magnetic resonance imaging index (S-MRI, r = 0.364), whereas chitotriosidase correlated with liver volume (r = 0.372) and CCL18/PARC increased in patients with bone manifestations (p = 0.005). GluSph levels decreased with treatment in naïve patients.ConclusionsPlasma GluSph is the most disease-specific biomarker for GD with demonstrated diagnostic value and responsiveness to therapy. GluSph in the present series of patients failed to demonstrate better correlations with clinical characteristics at onset than classical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge J. Cebolla
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Española para el Estudio y Terapéutica de la Enfermedad de Gaucher y otras lisosomales (FEETEG), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura López de Frutos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Española para el Estudio y Terapéutica de la Enfermedad de Gaucher y otras lisosomales (FEETEG), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel De Castro-Orós
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Roca-Espiau
- Fundación Española para el Estudio y Terapéutica de la Enfermedad de Gaucher y otras lisosomales (FEETEG), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagen Dra Roca, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Giraldo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Española para el Estudio y Terapéutica de la Enfermedad de Gaucher y otras lisosomales (FEETEG), Zaragoza, Spain
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20
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Effect of Substrate Reduction Therapy in Comparison to Enzyme Replacement Therapy on Immune Aspects and Bone Involvement in Gaucher Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040526. [PMID: 32244296 PMCID: PMC7226435 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by mutations in the GBA gene, leading to deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Among all the symptoms across various organ systems, bone disease is a major concern as it causes high morbidity and reduces quality of life. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the most accepted treatment; however, there are still unmet needs. As an alternative, substrate reduction therapy (SRT) was developed using glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors. In the current study, the effects of ERT vs. SRT were compared, particularly the immunological and bone remodeling aspects. GD subjects were divided into three cohorts based on their treatment at initial visit: ERT, SRT, and untreated (UT). Immunophenotyping showed no significant immune cell alterations between the cohorts. Expression of RANK/RANKL/Osteoprotegerin pathway components on immune cells and the secreted markers of bone turnover were analyzed. In the ERT cohort, no significant changes were observed in RANK, RANKL or serum biomarkers. RANKL on T lymphocytes, Osteopontin and MIP-1β decreased with SRT treatment indicating probable reduction in osteoclast activity. Other secreted factors, Osteocalcin and RANKL/Osteoprotegerin did not change with the treatment status. Insights from the study highlight personalized differences between subjects and possible use of RANK pathway components as markers for bone disease progression.
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Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with roles in processes involved in degrading and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism. Defects in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause lysosomal storage disorders, in which enzyme replacement therapy has proved successful. Growing evidence also implicates roles for lysosomal dysfunction in more common diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and metabolic disorders. With a focus on lysosomal dysfunction in autoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative diseases - including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease - this Review critically analyses progress and opportunities for therapeutically targeting lysosomal proteins and processes, particularly with small molecules and peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France.
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.
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Polo G, Burlina AP, Ranieri E, Colucci F, Rubert L, Pascarella A, Duro G, Tummolo A, Padoan A, Plebani M, Burlina AB. Plasma and dried blood spot lysosphingolipids for the diagnosis of different sphingolipidoses: a comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 57:1863-1874. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lysosphingolipids, the N-deacylated forms of sphingolipids, have been identified as potential biomarkers of several sphingolipidoses, such as Gaucher, Fabry, Krabbe and Niemann-Pick diseases and in GM1 and GM2 gangliosidoses. To date, different methods have been developed to measure various lysosphingolipids (LysoSLs) in plasma. Here, we present a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for a simultaneous quantification of LysoSLs (HexSph, LysoGb3, LysoGM1, LysoGM2, LysoSM and LysoSM509) in dried blood spot (DBS). This LC-MS/MS method was used to compare the levels of LysoSLs in DBS and plasma in both affected patients and healthy controls.
Methods
Lysosphingolipids were extracted from a 3.2 mm diameter DBS with a mixture of methanol:acetonitrile:water (80:15:5, v/v) containing internal stable isotope standards. Chromatographic separation was performed using a C18 column with a gradient of water and acetonitrile both with 0.1% formic acid in a total run time of 4 min. The compounds were detected in the positive ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).
Results
The method was validated on DBS to demonstrate specificity, linearity, lowest limit of quantification, accuracy and precision. The reference ranges were determined in pediatric and adult populations. The elevated levels of LysoSLs were identified in Gaucher disease (HexSph), Fabry disease (LysoGb3), prosaposin deficiency (HexSph and LysoGb3) and Niemann-Pick disease types A/B and C (LysoSM and LysoSM509). The correlation in the levels between DBS and plasma was excellent for LysoGb3 and HexSph but poor for LysoSM and LysoSM509.
Conclusions
Despite the fact that plasma LysoSLs determination remains the gold standard, our LC-MS/MS method allows a rapid and reliable quantification of lysosphingolipids in DBS. The method is a useful tool for the diagnosis of different sphingolipidoses except for Niemann-Pick type C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Polo
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Regional Center for Expanded Neonatal Screening, Department of Women and Children’s Health , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | | | - Enzo Ranieri
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Directorate of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology , Women’s and Children’s Hospital , North Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Francesca Colucci
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Regional Center for Expanded Neonatal Screening, Department of Women and Children’s Health , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Laura Rubert
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Regional Center for Expanded Neonatal Screening, Department of Women and Children’s Health , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Antonia Pascarella
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Regional Center for Expanded Neonatal Screening, Department of Women and Children’s Health , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Giovanni Duro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM) , National Research Council , Palermo , Italy
| | - Albina Tummolo
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology , Giovanni XXIII Children’s Hospital , Bari , Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department Laboratory Medicine , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department Laboratory Medicine , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Alberto B. Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Regional Center for Expanded Neonatal Screening, Department of Women and Children’s Health , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
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23
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Chuang WL, Pacheco J, Hoxha D, Sanderink G, Sung C. Galactosylsphingosine does not interfere with the quantitation of plasma glucosylsphingosine levels in Gaucher patients. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 494:48-51. [PMID: 30858093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the plasma level of glucosylsphingosine (Lyso GL-1) is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of Gaucher disease. Potentially interfering with the quantitation of Lyso GL-1 is its isobaric structural isomer, galactosylsphingosine (psychosine). The contribution of psychosine is generally not accounted for in the determination of Lyso GL-1, due to the difficulty in separating these two isomers. Few methods have been presented in the literature to distinguish the two isomers, and those available tend to be tedious and time-consuming. Here, we developed a LC/MS/MS method able to chromatographically separate Lyso GL-1 and psychosine reproducibly and combine it with a simple, high-throughput sample preparation technique. We also show that the separation of these two isomers in the plasma of Gaucher patients is not necessary for the quantitation of Lyso GL-1 levels, as the relative psychosine level is <3% of Lyso GL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lien Chuang
- Sanofi, Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis, One Mountain Road, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, United States of America.
| | - Joshua Pacheco
- Sanofi, Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis, One Mountain Road, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, United States of America
| | - Dritan Hoxha
- Sanofi, Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis, One Mountain Road, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, United States of America
| | - Gerard Sanderink
- Sanofi, Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis, One Mountain Road, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, United States of America
| | - Crystal Sung
- Sanofi, Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalysis, One Mountain Road, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, United States of America
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24
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Substrate reduction therapy for inborn errors of metabolism. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:63-73. [PMID: 33523197 PMCID: PMC7289018 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) represent a growing group of monogenic disorders each associated with inherited defects in a metabolic enzyme or regulatory protein, leading to biochemical abnormalities arising from a metabolic block. Despite the well-established genetic linkage, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations for many IEMs, there remains a lack of transformative therapy. The available treatment and management options for a few IEMs are often ineffective or expensive, incurring a significant burden to individual, family, and society. The lack of IEM therapies, in large part, relates to the conceptual challenge that IEMs are loss-of-function defects arising from the defective enzyme, rendering pharmacologic rescue difficult. An emerging approach that holds promise and is the subject of a flurry of pre-/clinical applications, is substrate reduction therapy (SRT). SRT addresses a common IEM phenotype associated with toxic accumulation of substrate from the defective enzyme, by inhibiting the formation of the substrate instead of directly repairing the defective enzyme. This minireview will summarize recent highlights towards the development of emerging SRT, with focussed attention towards repurposing of currently approved drugs, approaches to validate novel targets and screen for hit molecules, as well as emerging advances in gene silencing as a therapeutic modality.
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25
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van der Lienden MJC, Gaspar P, Boot R, Aerts JMFG, van Eijk M. Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B: An Emerging Biomarker for Lysosomal Dysfunction in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E66. [PMID: 30586924 PMCID: PMC6337583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diseases are caused by inherited defects in lysosomes, the so-called lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). In some of these LSDs, tissue macrophages transform into prominent storage cells, as is the case in Gaucher disease. Here, macrophages become the characteristic Gaucher cells filled with lysosomes laden with glucosylceramide, because of their impaired enzymatic degradation. Biomarkers of Gaucher cells were actively searched, particularly after the development of costly therapies based on enzyme supplementation and substrate reduction. Proteins selectively expressed by storage macrophages and secreted into the circulation were identified, among which glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB). This review focusses on the emerging potential of GPNMB as a biomarker of stressed macrophages in LSDs as well as in acquired pathologies accompanied by an excessive lysosomal substrate load in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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26
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Dindo M, Conter C, Oppici E, Ceccarelli V, Marinucci L, Cellini B. Molecular basis of primary hyperoxaluria: clues to innovative treatments. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:67-78. [PMID: 30430197 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are rare inherited disorders of liver glyoxylate metabolism, characterized by the abnormal production of endogenous oxalate, a metabolic end-product that is eliminated by urine. The main symptoms are related to the precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals in the urinary tract with progressive renal damage and, in the most severe form named Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I (PH1), to systemic oxalosis. The therapies currently available for PH are either poorly effective, because they address the symptoms and not the causes of the disease, or highly invasive. In the last years, advances in our understanding of the molecular bases of PH have paved the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies. They include (i) substrate-reduction therapies based on small-molecule inhibitors or the RNA interference technology, (ii) gene therapy, (iii) enzyme administration approaches, (iv) colonization with oxalate-degrading intestinal microorganisms, and, in PH1, (v) design of pharmacological chaperones. This paper reviews the basic principles of these new therapeutic strategies and what is currently known about their application to PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Dindo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carolina Conter
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Elisa Oppici
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Veronica Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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27
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Moors TE, Paciotti S, Ingrassia A, Quadri M, Breedveld G, Tasegian A, Chiasserini D, Eusebi P, Duran-Pacheco G, Kremer T, Calabresi P, Bonifati V, Parnetti L, Beccari T, van de Berg WDJ. Characterization of Brain Lysosomal Activities in GBA-Related and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1344-1355. [PMID: 29948939 PMCID: PMC6400877 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA gene, encoding the lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the most common known genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The present study aims to gain more insight into changes in lysosomal activity in different brain regions of sporadic PD and DLB patients, screened for GBA variants. Enzymatic activities of GCase, β-hexosaminidase, and cathepsin D were measured in the frontal cortex, putamen, and substantia nigra (SN) of a cohort of patients with advanced PD and DLB as well as age-matched non-demented controls (n = 15/group) using fluorometric assays. Decreased activity of GCase (− 21%) and of cathepsin D (− 15%) was found in the SN and frontal cortex of patients with PD and DLB compared to controls, respectively. Population stratification was applied based on GBA genotype, showing substantially lower GCase activity (~ − 40%) in GBA variant carriers in all regions. GCase activity was further significantly decreased in the SN of PD and DLB patients without GBA variants in comparison to controls without GBA variants. Our results show decreased GCase activity in brains of PD and DLB patients with and without GBA variants, most pronounced in the SN. The results of our study confirm findings from previous studies, suggesting a role for GCase in GBA-associated as well as sporadic PD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim E Moors
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, VU University Medical Center, O2 building, room 13 W01, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Silvia Paciotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Ingrassia
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, VU University Medical Center, O2 building, room 13 W01, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marialuisa Quadri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Breedveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Tasegian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Department of Medicine- section Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Department of Medicine- section Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Duran-Pacheco
- Roche Innovation Center- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kremer
- Roche Innovation Center- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Department of Medicine- section Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Department of Medicine- section Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, VU University Medical Center, O2 building, room 13 W01, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Tylki-Szymańska A, Szymańska-Rożek P, Hasiński P, Ługowska A. Plasma chitotriosidase activity versus plasma glucosylsphingosine in wide spectrum of Gaucher disease phenotypes - A statistical insight. Mol Genet Metab 2018. [PMID: 29530534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase (GBA) leads to Gaucher disease (GD), an inherited disorder characterised by storage of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in lysosomes of tissue macrophages. Macrophages activated by accumulated GlcCer secrete chitotriosidase. Plasma chitotriosidase activity is significantly elevated in patients with active GD and has been suggested to indicate total body Gaucher cell load. There are two biomarkers used to assess the severity of GD - chitotriosidase has been measured for over 20 years, and deacylated GlcCer, known as glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) is thought to be even more adequate, as it is almost a direct storage substrate. In this paper we focused entirely on statistical analysis, performing a thorough search of possible relations, dependencies and differences in the levels of these two biomarkers in a cohort of 64 Polish GD patients. We found that the treatment of GD with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) changes the distribution of the disease biomarkers; their levels follow a normal distribution only in untreated patients. The variable "disease biomarker level" was found dependent of the binary variable "treated with ERT or not". It was found independent of the following variables: "disease type", "splenectomized or not", and "heterozygous for 24-bp duplication for CHIT1 variant" or "CHIT1 wild type". An almost perfect linear correlation (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.99) between the chitotriosidase activity and GlcSph level was revealed in splenectomized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Hasiński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Municipal Hospital, Tychy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ługowska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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Zimran A, Goldblatt J, Szer J. Should eliglustat be first line therapy for patients with type 1 Gaucher disease? Definitions of safety and efficacy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 68:14-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Rare Diseases: Drug Discovery and Informatics Resource. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 10:195-204. [PMID: 29094320 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A rare disease refers to any disease with very low prevalence individually. Although the impacted population is small for a single disease, more than 6000 rare diseases affect millions of people across the world. Due to the small market size, high cost and possibly low return on investment, only in recent years, the research and development of rare disease drugs have gradually risen globally, in several domains including gene therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, and drug repositioning. Due to the complex etiology and heterogeneous symptoms, there is a large gap between basic research and patient unmet needs for rare disease drug discovery. As computational biology increasingly arises researchers' awareness, the informatics database on rare disease have grown rapidly in the recent years, including drug targets, genetic variant and mutation, phenotype and ontology and patient registries. Along with the advances of informatics database and networks, new computational models will help accelerate the target identification and lead optimization process for rare disease pre-clinical drug development.
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32
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Elstein D, Mellgard B, Dinh Q, Lan L, Qiu Y, Cozma C, Eichler S, Böttcher T, Zimran A. Reductions in glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) in treatment-naïve and previously treated patients receiving velaglucerase alfa for type 1 Gaucher disease: Data from phase 3 clinical trials. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:113-120. [PMID: 28851512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), an autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder, arises from mutations in the GBA1 (β-glucocerebrosidase) gene, resulting in glucosylceramide accumulation in tissue macrophages. Lyso-Gb1 (glucosylsphingosine, lyso-GL1), a downstream metabolic product of glucosylceramide, has been identified as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with GD. This retrospective, exploratory analysis of data from phase 3 clinical trials of velaglucerase alfa in patients with type 1 GD evaluated the potential of lyso-Gb1 as a specific and sensitive biomarker for GD. A total of 22 treatment-naïve patients and 21 patients previously treated with imiglucerase (switch patients) were included in the analysis. Overall, demographics between the two groups were similar. Mean lyso-Gb1 concentrations were reduced by 302.2ng/mL from baseline to week 209 in treatment-naïve patients and by 57.3ng/mL from baseline to week 161 in switch patients, corresponding to relative reductions of 82.7% and 52.0%, respectively. In both the treatment-naïve and switch groups, baseline mean lyso-Gb1 was higher for patients with at least one N370S mutation (363.9ng/mL and 90.7ng/mL, respectively) than for patients with non-N370S mutations (184.6ng/mL and 28.3ng/mL, respectively). Moderate correlations between decreasing lyso-Gb1 levels and increasing platelet counts, and with decreasing spleen volumes, were observed at some time points in the treatment-naïve group but not in the switch group. These findings support the utility of lyso-Gb1 as a sensitive and reliable biomarker for GD, and suggest that quantitation of this biomarker could serve as an indicator of disease burden and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Quinn Dinh
- Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, USA.
| | - Lan Lan
- Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, USA.
| | | | - Claudia Cozma
- Centogene AG, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | | | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel.
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33
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Guérard N, Oder D, Nordbeck P, Zwingelstein C, Morand O, Welford RWD, Dingemanse J, Wanner C. Lucerastat, an Iminosugar for Substrate Reduction Therapy: Tolerability, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics in Patients With Fabry Disease on Enzyme Replacement. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:703-711. [PMID: 28699267 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lucerastat is a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor aimed at reducing production of glycosphingolipids (GSLs), including those accumulating in Fabry disease. The safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of oral lucerastat were evaluated in an exploratory study in patients with Fabry disease. In this single-center, open-label, randomized study, 10 patients received lucerastat 1,000 mg b.i.d. for 12 weeks in addition to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT; the lucerastat group). Four patients with Fabry disease received ERT only. Eight patients reported 17 adverse events (AEs) in the lucerastat group. No clinically relevant safety abnormalities were observed. The mean (SD) levels of the plasma GSLs, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and globotriaosylceramide, were significantly decreased from baseline in the lucerastat group (-49.0% (16.5%), -32.7% (13.0%), and -55.0% (10.4%), respectively). Lucerastat 1,000 mg b.i.d. was well tolerated in patients with Fabry disease over 12 weeks. A marked decrease in plasma GSLs was observed, suggesting clinical potential for lucerastat in patients with Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guérard
- Department of Global Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Oder
- Fabry Center for Interdisciplinary Therapy (FAZiT), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), and Department of Internal Medicine I, Divisions of Cardiology and Nephrology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nordbeck
- Fabry Center for Interdisciplinary Therapy (FAZiT), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), and Department of Internal Medicine I, Divisions of Cardiology and Nephrology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Zwingelstein
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Morand
- Department of Global Clinical Science, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Richard W D Welford
- DD Biology, Translational Science, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Global Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Fabry Center for Interdisciplinary Therapy (FAZiT), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), and Department of Internal Medicine I, Divisions of Cardiology and Nephrology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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34
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Raskovalova T, Deegan PB, Yang R, Pavlova E, Stirnemann J, Labarère J, Zimran A, Mistry PK, Berger M. Plasma chitotriosidase activity versus CCL18 level for assessing type I Gaucher disease severity: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual participant data. Syst Rev 2017; 6:87. [PMID: 28427477 PMCID: PMC5397740 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency in acid beta-glucosidase. GD exhibits a wide clinical spectrum of disease severity with an unpredictable natural course. Plasma chitotriosidase activity and CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) have been exchangeably used for monitoring GD activity and response to enzyme replacement therapy in conjunction with clinical assessment. Yet, a large-scale head-to-head comparison of these two biomarkers is currently lacking. We propose a collaborative systematic review with meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) to compare the accuracy of plasma chitotriosidase activity and CCL18 in assessing type I (i.e., non-neuropathic) GD severity. METHODS Eligible studies include cross-sectional, cohort, and randomized controlled studies recording both plasma chitotriosidase activity and CCL18 level at baseline and/or at follow-up in consecutive children or adult patients with type I GD. Pre-specified surrogate outcomes reflecting GD activity include liver and spleen volume, hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, and symptomatic bone events with imaging confirmation. Primary studies will be identified by searching Medline (1995 onwards), EMBASE (1995 onwards), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Electronic search will be complemented by contacting research groups in order to identify unpublished relevant studies. Where possible, IPD will be extracted from published articles. Corresponding authors will be invited to collaborate by supplying IPD. The methodological quality of retrieved studies will be appraised for each study outcome, using a checklist adapted from the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. The primary outcome will be a composite of liver volume >1.25 multiple of normal (MN), spleen volume >5 MN, hemoglobin concentration <11 g/dL, or platelet count <100 × 109/L. Effect size estimates for biomarker comparative accuracy in predicting outcomes will be reported as differences in areas under receiver operating characteristic curves along with 95% confidence intervals. Effect size estimates will be reported as (weighted) mean differences along with 95% confidence intervals for each biomarker according to outcomes. IPD meta-analysis will be conducted with both one- and two-stage approaches. DISCUSSION Valid and precise accuracy estimates will be derived for CCL18 relative to plasma chitotriosidase activity in discriminating patients according to GD severity. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2015 CRD42015027243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Raskovalova
- Département d'hématologie biologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire d'immunologie, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick B Deegan
- Lysosomal Disorders Unit, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruby Yang
- Department of internal medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elena Pavlova
- Lysosomal Disorders Unit, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jérome Stirnemann
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José Labarère
- UMR CNRS 5525 TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble Alpes University, F-38043, Grenoble, France. .,Quality of care unit, CIC 1406 INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, CS 10217, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel
| | - Pramod K Mistry
- Department of internal medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc Berger
- Département d'hématologie biologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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von Gerichten J, Schlosser K, Lamprecht D, Morace I, Eckhardt M, Wachten D, Jennemann R, Gröne HJ, Mack M, Sandhoff R. Diastereomer-specific quantification of bioactive hexosylceramides from bacteria and mammals. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1247-1258. [PMID: 28373486 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d076190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals synthesize, cell-type specifically, the diastereomeric hexosylceramides, β-galactosylceramide (GalCer) and β-glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which are involved in several diseases, such as sphingolipidosis, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, or cancer. In contrast, Bacteroides fragilis, a member of the human gut microbiome, and the marine sponge, Agelas mauritianus, produce α-GalCer, one of the most potent stimulators for invariant natural killer T cells. To dissect the contribution of these individual stereoisomers to pathologies, we established a novel hydrophilic interaction chromatography-based LC-MS2 method and separated (R > 1.5) corresponding diastereomers from each other, independent of their lipid anchors. Testing various bacterial and mammalian samples, we could separate, identify (including the lipid anchor composition), and quantify endogenous β-GlcCer, β-GalCer, and α-GalCer isomers without additional derivatization steps. Thereby, we show a selective decrease of β-GlcCers versus β-GalCers in cell-specific models of GlcCer synthase-deficiency and an increase of specific β-GlcCers due to loss of β-glucoceramidase 2 activity. Vice versa, β-GalCer increased specifically when cerebroside sulfotransferase (Gal3st1) was deleted. We further confirm β-GalCer as substrate of globotriaosylceramide synthase for galabiaosylceramide synthesis and identify additional members of the human gut microbiome to contain immunogenic α-GalCers. Finally, this method is shown to separate corresponding hexosylsphingosine standards, promoting its applicability in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna von Gerichten
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schlosser
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Technical Microbiology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dominic Lamprecht
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ivan Morace
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Rare Diseases University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Minerva Max Planck Research Group, Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Jennemann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Technical Microbiology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany .,Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
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Drugan C, Drugan TC, Grigorescu-Sido P, Naşcu I. Modelling long-term evolution of chitotriosidase in non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:275-282. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1303191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Christensen CL, Choy FYM. A Prospective Treatment Option for Lysosomal Storage Diseases: CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technology for Mutation Correction in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Diseases 2017; 5:E6. [PMID: 28933359 PMCID: PMC5456334 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ease of design, relatively low cost and a multitude of gene-altering capabilities have all led to the adoption of the sophisticated and yet simple gene editing system: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). The CRISPR/Cas9 system holds promise for the correction of deleterious mutations by taking advantage of the homology directed repair pathway and by supplying a correction template to the affected patient's cells. Currently, this technique is being applied in vitro in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to correct a variety of severe genetic diseases, but has not as of yet been used in iPSCs derived from patients affected with a lysosomal storage disease (LSD). If adopted into clinical practice, corrected iPSCs derived from cells that originate from the patient themselves could be used for therapeutic amelioration of LSD symptoms without the risks associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. CRISPR/Cas9 editing in a patient's cells would overcome the costly, lifelong process associated with currently available treatment methods, including enzyme replacement and substrate reduction therapies. In this review, the overall utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique for treatment of genetic diseases, the potential for the treatment of LSDs and methods currently employed to increase the efficiency of this re-engineered biological system will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Christensen
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Francis Y M Choy
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Futerman AH, Platt FM. The metabolism of glucocerebrosides - From 1965 to the present. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:22-26. [PMID: 27955980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.11.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is caused by the defective catabolism of the simple glycosphingolipid, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), due to mutations in the GBA1 gene which encodes for acid β-glucosidase (GCase), the lysosomal enzyme that degrades GlcCer. Today, Gaucher disease patients are routinely treated with recombinant GCase, in a treatment regimen known as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). We now review the biochemical basis of ERT and discuss how this treatment has advanced since it was first pioneered by Dr. Roscoe Brady in the 1960s. We will place particular emphasis on the three dimensional structure of GCase, and subsequently discuss a relatively new treatment paradigm, substrate reduction therapy (SRT), in which GlcCer synthesis is partially inhibited, thus reducing its accumulation. Both of these approaches are based on studies and concepts developed by Dr. Brady over his remarkable research career spanning six decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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Polo G, Burlina AP, Kolamunnage TB, Zampieri M, Dionisi-Vici C, Strisciuglio P, Zaninotto M, Plebani M, Burlina AB. Diagnosis of sphingolipidoses: a new simultaneous measurement of lysosphingolipids by LC-MS/MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:403-414. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Lysosphingolipids (LysoSLs) are derivatives of sphingolipids which have lost the amide-linked acyl chain. More recently, LysoSLs have been identified as storage compounds in several sphingolipidoses, including Gaucher, Fabry and Niemann-Pick diseases. To date, different methods have been developed to measure each individual lysosphingolipid in plasma. This report describes a rapid liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for simultaneous quantification of several LysoSLs in plasma.Methods:We analyzed the following compounds: hexosylsphingosine (HexSph), globotriaosylsphingosine (LysoGb3), lysosphingomyelin (LysoSM) and lysosphingomyelin-509 (LysoSM-509). The sample preparation requires only 100 μL of plasma and consists of an extraction with a mixture of MeOH/acetone/HResults:The method validation showed high sensitivity, an excellent accuracy and precision. Reference ranges were determined in healthy adult and pediatric population. The results demonstrate that the LC-MS/MS method can quantify different LysoSLs and can be used to identify patients with Fabry (LysoGb3), Gaucher and Krabbe (HexSph) diseases, prosaposine deficiency (LysoGb3 and HexSph), and Niemann-Pick disease types A/B and C (LysoSM and LysoSM-509).Conclusions:This LC-MS/MS method allows a rapid and simultaneous quantification of LysoSLs and is useful as a biochemical diagnostic tool for sphingolipidoses.
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40
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Murugesan V, Chuang WL, Liu J, Lischuk A, Kacena K, Lin H, Pastores GM, Yang R, Keutzer J, Zhang K, Mistry PK. Glucosylsphingosine is a key biomarker of Gaucher disease. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:1082-1089. [PMID: 27441734 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) involves the accumulation of glucosylceramide (GL1) and its deacylated lysolipid, glucosylsphingosine (lyso-GL1) which is implicated in mediating immune dysregulation and skeletal disease. The aim of our study was to assess plasma Lyso-GL1 as a biomarker of GD and its response to therapy. Plasma lyso-GL1 in 169 patients with GD type 1 (GD1) was measured by LC-MS/MS. Significant predictors of plasma LGL1 were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon Mann Whitney test and multiple linear regression. Propensity scores were used to match patients on treatment mode: Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) vs. Eliglustat Tartrate SRT (ELI-SRT). Plasma Lyso-GL1 levels in healthy controls averaged 1.5 ng/ml (1.3-1.7; 95% CI). In untreated GD patients, the levels were massively elevated (180.9 ng/ml: 95% CI, 145.4-216.5) and imiglucerase ERT resulted in marked reduction (89 ng/ml: 95% CI, 69.2-129.4) (P < 0.001). Lyso-GL1 correlated with chitotriosidase (r = 0.59 P < 0.001), CCL18 (r = 0.62 P <0.001), hepatomegaly (r = 0.28 P < 0.001), splenomegaly (r = 0.27 P = 0.003), splenectomy (P = 0.01) and treatment mode (P < 0.001). By multiple linear regression, the strongest predictors of lyso-GL1 were age (P < 0.001), splenectomy (P = 0.02), Chitotriosidase (P < 0.001) and CCL18 levels (P = 0.001). After propensity score matching to obtain comparable groups of patients on ERT vs ELI-SRT, lyso-GL1 levels were lower among patients receiving ELI-SRT by 113 ng/ml (95% CI: 136-90.3 ng/ml P < 0.001). Plasma lyso-GL1 is a key biomarker of GD. ERT reduced lyso-GL1 levels. By propensity scoring, ELI-SRT resulted in greater reduction of lyso-GL1 than ERT. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1082-1089, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagishwari Murugesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew Lischuk
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Haiqun Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health
| | - Gregory M Pastores
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Ruhua Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Kate Zhang
- Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Pramod K Mistry
- Department of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Serratrice C, Carballo S, Serratrice J, Stirnemann J. Imiglucerase in the management of Gaucher disease type 1: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy. CORE EVIDENCE 2016; 11:37-47. [PMID: 27790078 PMCID: PMC5072572 DOI: 10.2147/ce.s93717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Gaucher disease is the first lysosomal disease to benefit from enzyme replacement therapy, thus serving as model for numerous other lysosomal diseases. Alglucerase was the first glucocerebrosidase purified from placental extracts, and this was then replaced by imiglucerase – a Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived glucocerebrosidase. Aim The aim was to review the evidence underlying the use of imiglucerase in Gaucher disease type 1 Evidence review Data from clinical trials and Gaucher Registries were analyzed. Conclusion Imiglucerase has been prescribed and found to have an excellent efficacy and safety profile. We report herein the evidence-based data published for 26 years justifying the use of imiglucerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Serratrice
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geneva University Hospital, Thonex, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Carballo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Serratrice
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérome Stirnemann
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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