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Peronace C, Cione E, Abrego-Guandique DM, Fazio MD, Panduri G, Caroleo MC, Cannataro R, Minchella P. FAM19A4 and hsa-miR124-2 Double Methylation as Screening for ASC-H- and CIN1 HPV-Positive Women. Pathogens 2024; 13:312. [PMID: 38668267 PMCID: PMC11054986 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA methylation levels of host cell genes increase with the severity of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade and are very high in cervical cancer. Our study aims to evaluate FAM19A4 and hsa-miR124-2 methylation in Atypical Squamous cells with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H) and in CIN1, defined as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) by the Bethesda classification, as possible early warning biomarkers for managing women with high-risk HPV infections (hrHPV). FAM19A4 and hsa-miR124-2 methylation tests were conducted on fifty-six cervical screening samples from a subset of women aged 30-64 years old. Specimens were collected into ThinPrep PreservCyt Solution. Their HrHPV genotype and cytology diagnosis were known. A Qiasure (Qiagen) was used for FAM19A4 and hsa-miR124-2 methylation testing on bisulfite-converted DNA, according to the manufacturer's specifications. The reported results were hypermethylation-positive or -negative. We found that FAM194A4 and hsa-miR124-2 methylation was detected in 75% of ASC-H cases with a persistent infection of hrHPV. A total of 60% of CIN1 lesions were found to be positive for methylation, and 83.3% were when the cytology was CIN2/3. In addition, as a novelty of this pilot study, we found that combined FAM19A4 and hsa-miR124-2 methylation positivity rates (both methylated) were associated with the HPV genotypes 16, 18, and 59 and covered 22 and 25% of ASC-H and CIN1 cases, respectively. The methylation of these two genes, in combination with HPV genotyping, can be used as an early warning biomarker in the management and follow-up of women with ASC-H and CIN1 to avoid their progression to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Peronace
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, PO Pugliese, AOU Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.F.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (D.M.A.-G.); (M.C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Diana Marisol Abrego-Guandique
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (D.M.A.-G.); (M.C.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco De Fazio
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, PO Pugliese, AOU Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.F.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Panduri
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, PO Pugliese, AOU Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.F.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (D.M.A.-G.); (M.C.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (D.M.A.-G.); (M.C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Pasquale Minchella
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, PO Pugliese, AOU Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.D.F.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
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Human Papilloma Virus: Current Knowledge and Focus on Oral Health. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6631757. [PMID: 33623784 PMCID: PMC7875628 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for different pathological manifestations in humans. This agent gives rise to lesions of different types and in different areas of the organism, including the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to show which are the main diseases for which HPV is responsible and to bring to light some of the interceptive and therapeutic strategies. The analysis was conducted by consulting the major scientific databases with the aim of obtaining information on the characteristics of oral HPV and its management; furthermore, the literature was supported by some clinical cases proposed by the authors. The role of dentistry is essential in the early diagnosis of this type of pathologies and above all in knowing how to direct patients towards a path that can lead to patient management, especially in the event that these lesions have a malignant potential. Enhancing the knowledge and role of dentistry can lead to early diagnosis of this type of injury, intercepting a pathology that could have multiorgan implications.
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Guid M, Bruno A, Tagliaferro L, Aprile V, Tinelli A, Fedele A, Lobreglio G, Menegazzi P, Pasanisi G, Tassi V, Forcina B, Fortunato F, Lupo LI, Zizza A. Universal Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and its Impact on the Southern Italian Region. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:343-357. [PMID: 32048956 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200212115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
HPV is still the most common sexually transmitted infection, leading to the onset of many disorders while causing an increase in direct and indirect health costs. High Risk (HR) HPV is the primary cause of invasive cervical cancer and contributes significantly to the development of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The introduction of universal HPV vaccination has led to a significant reduction in vaccine-targeted HPV infections, cross-protective genotypes, precancerous lesions and anogenital warts. Despite the several limitations of HPV vaccination programs, including vaccine type specificity, different schedules, target age-groups and poor communication, the impact has become increasingly evident, especially in countries with high vaccine uptake. We carried out a review of the most recent literature to evaluate the effects of HPV vaccination on vaccinetargeted HPV genotypes and to assess the level of cross-protection provided against non-vaccine HPV types. Subsequently, to assess the rates of HPV infection in a southeast Italian region, we performed an epidemiological investigation on the impact of vaccination on genotypes and on the prevalence and distribution of HPV infection during the twelve-year period 2006-2017 in the Local Health Unit (LHU) of Lecce. The vaccination coverage of about 70% among girls in the LHU led to an initial reduction in vaccine-targeted HPV types and cross-protective genotypes. However, the results on this population should be interpreted cautiously because the period since the start of vaccination is too short and the coverage rate is not yet optimal to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination in lowering the prevalence of non-vaccine HR HPV types in the vaccinated cohort and in older subjects. Nevertheless, it is expected that direct effects will increase further and that herd immunity will begin to emerge as vaccination coverage increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Guid
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Inter-University Centre of Research on Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Annarita Bruno
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, "S. Caterina Novella" Hospital, Galatina, Italy
| | - Luigi Tagliaferro
- Anatomical Pathology Unit, "Sacro cuore di Gesù" Hospital, Gallipoli, Italy
| | - Valerio Aprile
- Prevention Dept, Hygiene and Public Health Service, Local Health Agency, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Veris delli Ponti" Hospital, Scorrano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alberto Fedele
- Prevention Dept, Hygiene and Public Health Service, Local Health Agency, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Vittorio Tassi
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Fortunato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Isabella Lupo
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
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Yang X, You Q, Yao G, Geng J, Ma R, Meng H. Evaluation of p16 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer for a 10-Year Study in Northeast China: Significance of HPV in Correlation with PD-L1 Expression. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6747-6753. [PMID: 32848457 PMCID: PMC7425106 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s262678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a high-risk etiological factor for cervical and ovarian carcinomas. p16 protein can be used as a surrogate biomarker for HPV infection in high-risk tumors. A strong correlation between HPV infection and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression has consistently been reported. Objective Given this background, this study investigates the prevalence, prognostic and clinicopathologic features of HPV-related epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) for the last 10 years in Northeast China to elucidate the involvement of p16 in the PD-L1 protein expression, tumorigenesis, and progression of EOC. Methods Specimens from 310 patients diagnosed with EOC collected from 2006 to 2016 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HPV DNA, and overexpression of p16 by immunohistochemistry was also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to estimate the significant difference between HPV positive and negative patients, the correlation among HPV state, p16 and PD-L1 expression, and clinical presentation. Results Overexpression of p16 protein and HPV DNA were present in 100 (32.3%) of the 310 cases, and correlated with high PD-L1 expression. There was a good concordance between HPV positivity, p16 protein overexpression and PD-L1 expression. The etiological fraction of HPV in EOC is substantially higher in Northeast China than other cohorts previously reported. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that HPV infection and p16 overexpression is significantly associated with PD-LI expression in EOC, through the cooperative roles of dendritic cells (DCs) and IFN-γ, which may represent a promising strategy for therapeutic intervention in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi You
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Yao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Geng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Gynaecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Seven years prevalence and distribution of high and low risk HPV genotypes in women living in the metropolitan area of Naples. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 63:101625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Galati L, Equestre M, Bruni R, Accardi L, Torti C, Fiorillo MT, Surace G, Barreca GS, Liberto MC, Focà A, Ciccaglione AR, Di Bonito P. Identification of human papillomavirus type 16 variants circulating in the Calabria region by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of HPV16 from cervical smears. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 68:185-193. [PMID: 30578936 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of HPV16 isolates reveals the presence of genome variants with characteristic mutations. The HPV16 variants have different geographical distribution and diverge into four phylogenetic lineages (A, B, C and D) and 16 sub-lineages: A1, A2, A3 (previously known as European variants), A4 (Asian variant), B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, and C4 (African variants), D1 (North-American variant), D2, D3 (Asian-American variants) and D4. Population studies showed that infections with viruses belonging to specific HPV16 sublineages confer different risks of viral persistence and cancer. In this study, 39 HPV16-positive cervical smears from European women living in Calabria (Italy) were analyzed for the presence of HPV16 variants. Cervical DNA extracts were processed by PCR to amplify L1, the Long Control Region (LCR), E6 and E7, which were sequenced. The sequences were concatenated and the 3169 nucleotides long fragments were characterized by BLAST and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 96 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) were detected, 29 of which mapping in the L1, 45 in the LCR, 15 in the E6 and 7 in the E7. The most common SNP was the T350G (29/39 samples, 74.4%), causing the L83 V amino acid change in the E6. Most of the HPV16 isolates (89.7%) had 99% of nucleotide (nt) identity to members of the A1 and A2 sublineages, while 4 isolates had 99% nt identity to members of the B2, B4, C1 and D4 sublineages. In conclusion, viruses belonging to the A1, A2, B2, B4, C1 and D4 HPV16 sublineages were found to circulate in the Calabria region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Galati
- Department Infectious Diseases, EVOR unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Equestre
- Department Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bruni
- Department Infectious Diseases, EVOR unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Accardi
- Department Infectious Diseases, EVOR unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Polo Sanitario Nord ASP 5, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Surace
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Polo Sanitario Nord ASP 5, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giorgio Settimo Barreca
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Liberto
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfredo Focà
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Ciccaglione
- Department Infectious Diseases, EVOR unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Di Bonito
- Department Infectious Diseases, EVOR unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Annunziata C, Stellato G, Greggi S, Sanna V, Curcio MP, Losito S, Botti G, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM, Tornesello ML. Prevalence of "unclassified" HPV genotypes among women with abnormal cytology. Infect Agent Cancer 2018; 13:26. [PMID: 30061920 PMCID: PMC6056927 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-018-0199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been unequivocally recognised as the necessary cause of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. The distribution and the role of unclassified risk HPV genotypes in cervical neoplasia has not been fully elucidated. Methods Liquid-based cytological samples were collected from 337 women referred for colposcopy following an abnormal cytological diagnosis. HPV DNA was detected by broad-spectrum PCR and genotypes identified by nucleotide sequencing analysis and reverse line blot (RLB). Results The overall frequency of HPV infection was 36.5% (35 out of 96) in samples negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM), 80% (181 out of 226) in low grade SIL and 93.3% (14 out of 15) in high grade SIL (P < 0.001). Thirty-five different genotypes were identified among the 230 HPV-positive cases. The Group 1 oncogenic viruses (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59) were found in 21.9, 46.5, and 86.7% of NILM, low grade SIL and high grade SIL, respectively. The Group 2A, including the probably oncogenic virus HPV68, was found in 1 and 0.8% of NILM and low grade SIL, respectively. The Group 2b possibly oncogenic HPVs (HPV34, 53, 66, 67, 70, 73, 82 and 85) were found in 4.2, 21.7 and 26.7% of NILM, low grade SIL and high grade SIL, respectively. The unclassified viruses (HPV12, 42, 54, 55, 61, 62, 81, 83, 84, 89, 90, 91) were detected in 8.3 and 14.6% of NILM and low grade SIL, respectively, and never in high grade SIL. Conclusions Group 1 HPVs were mainly prevalent in high grade SIL and low grade SIL while Group 2B were equally distributed among the two groups. The dominant frequency of unclassified HPVs in low grade SIL and NILM and their rarity in high grade SIL suggests their marginal role in cervical neoplasia of the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clorinda Annunziata
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", via M Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stellato
- Gynecology Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Greggi
- Gynecology Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Sanna
- 3Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Curcio
- 3Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Losito
- 3Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- 3Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", via M Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Maria Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", via M Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", via M Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
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