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Qu S, Xu R, Yi G, Li Z, Zhang H, Qi S, Huang G. Patient-derived organoids in human cancer: a platform for fundamental research and precision medicine. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:6. [PMID: 38342791 PMCID: PMC10859360 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is associated with a high degree of heterogeneity, encompassing both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, along with considerable variability in clinical response to common treatments across patients. Conventional models for tumor research, such as in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models, demonstrate significant limitations that fall short of satisfying the research requisites. Patient-derived tumor organoids, which recapitulate the structures, specific functions, molecular characteristics, genomics alterations and expression profiles of primary tumors. They have been efficaciously implemented in illness portrayal, mechanism exploration, high-throughput drug screening and assessment, discovery of innovative therapeutic targets and potential compounds, and customized treatment regimen for cancer patients. In contrast to conventional models, tumor organoids offer an intuitive, dependable, and efficient in vitro research model by conserving the phenotypic, genetic diversity, and mutational attributes of the originating tumor. Nevertheless, the organoid technology also confronts the bottlenecks and challenges, such as how to comprehensively reflect intra-tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, tumor angiogenesis, reduce research costs, and establish standardized construction processes while retaining reliability. This review extensively examines the use of tumor organoid techniques in fundamental research and precision medicine. It emphasizes the importance of patient-derived tumor organoid biobanks for drug development, screening, safety evaluation, and personalized medicine. Additionally, it evaluates the application of organoid technology as an experimental tumor model to better understand the molecular mechanisms of tumor. The intent of this review is to explicate the significance of tumor organoids in cancer research and to present new avenues for the future of tumor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanqiang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongyang Xu
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Huayang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guanglong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Brain disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Koschade SE, Tascher G, Parmar BS, Brandts CH, Münch C. SpinTip: A Simple, Robust, and Versatile Preanalytical Method for Microscale Suspension Cell Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2827-2835. [PMID: 36239476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sample loss and contamination are critical preanalytical pitfalls in microscale proteomic applications of nonadhering cells. Common assays and workflows are not easily adoptable to microscale sample sizes of suspension cells due to inadvertent sample loss. This impedes preanalytical experimental manipulation of limited suspension cell samples for microscale proteomics applications, such as encountered for primary human materials. Here, we describe and test a simple manual batch technique for single-step 100-fold concentration of scarce numbers of diluted suspension cells (down to 5000 cells) by volume reduction, facilitating microscale experiments with suspension cells. Pipette tips with heat-sealed orifices (SpinTips) are manufactured within 1 min and serve as versatile microcentrifugation vessels from which supernatant can be aspirated with minimal cell loss. A residual volume of approximately 3 μL can be achieved without visualization of the cell pellet. The results show that SpinTips enable the concentration, medium exchange, washing, and culture of highly limited amounts of suspension cells for functional manipulation and microscale proteomics and are readily incorporated into standard workflows. The application is illustrated by profiling ex vivo responses of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells from one AML patient to daunorubicin (DNR) to a depth of 3462 quantified proteins with excellent repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian E Koschade
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bhavesh S Parmar
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian H Brandts
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Chen Z, Han S, Sanny A, Chan DLK, van Noort D, Lim W, Tan AHM, Park S. 3D hanging spheroid plate for high-throughput CAR T cell cytotoxicity assay. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:30. [PMID: 35012567 PMCID: PMC8744335 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most high-throughput screening (HTS) systems studying the cytotoxic effect of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells on tumor cells rely on two-dimensional cell culture that does not recapitulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor spheroids, however, can recapitulate the TME and have been used for cytotoxicity assays of CAR T cells. But a major obstacle to the use of tumor spheroids for cytotoxicity assays is the difficulty in separating unbound CAR T and dead tumor cells from spheroids. Here, we present a three-dimensional hanging spheroid plate (3DHSP), which facilitates the formation of spheroids and the separation of unbound and dead cells from spheroids during cytotoxicity assays. Results The 3DHSP is a 24-well plate, with each well composed of a hanging dripper, spheroid wells, and waste wells. In the dripper, a tumor spheroid was formed and mixed with CAR T cells. In the 3DHSP, droplets containing the spheroids were deposited into the spheroid separation well, where unbound and dead T and tumor cells were separated from the spheroid through a gap into the waste well by tilting the 3DHSP by more than 20°. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumor cells (BT474 and SKOV3) formed spheroids of approximately 300–350 μm in diameter after 2 days in the 3DHSP. The cytotoxic effects of T cells engineered to express CAR recognizing HER2 (HER2-CAR T cells) on these spheroids were directly measured by optical imaging, without the use of live/dead fluorescent staining of the cells. Our results suggest that the 3DHSP could be incorporated into a HTS system to screen for CARs that enable T cells to kill spheroids formed from a specific tumor type with high efficacy or for spheroids consisting of tumor types that can be killed efficiently by T cells bearing a specific CAR. Conclusions The results suggest that the 3DHSP could be incorporated into a HTS system for the cytotoxic effects of CAR T cells on tumor spheroids. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01213-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seokgyu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Arleen Sanny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Dorothy Leung-Kwan Chan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Danny van Noort
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia - UTEC, Lima 04, Peru.,Biotechnology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wanyoung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Andy Hee-Meng Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea. .,Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
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