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Tang Y, Wu X, Li J, Li Y, Xu X, Li G, Zhang P, Qin C, Wu LJ, Tang Z, Tian DS. The Emerging Role of Microglial Hv1 as a Target for Immunomodulation in Myelin Repair. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1176-1203. [PMID: 38029392 PMCID: PMC11081154 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), the myelin sheath ensures efficient interconnection between neurons and contributes to the regulation of the proper function of neuronal networks. The maintenance of myelin and the well-organized subtle process of myelin plasticity requires cooperation among myelin-forming cells, glial cells, and neural networks. The process of cooperation is fragile, and the balance is highly susceptible to disruption by microenvironment influences. Reactive microglia play a critical and complicated role in the demyelination and remyelination process. Recent studies have shown that the voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is selectively expressed in microglia in CNS, which regulates intracellular pH and is involved in the production of reactive oxygen species, underlying multifaceted roles in maintaining microglia function. This paper begins by examining the molecular mechanisms of demyelination and emphasizes the crucial role of the microenvironment in demyelination. It focuses specifically on the role of Hv1 in myelin repair and its therapeutic potential in CNS demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yuanwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gaigai Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zhao S, Umpierre AD, Wu LJ. Tuning neural circuits and behaviors by microglia in the adult brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:181-194. [PMID: 38245380 PMCID: PMC10939815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells of the CNS, contributing to both inflammatory damage and tissue repair in neurological disorder. In addition, emerging evidence highlights the role of homeostatic microglia in regulating neuronal activity, interacting with synapses, tuning neural circuits, and modulating behaviors. Herein, we review how microglia sense and regulate neuronal activity through synaptic interactions, thereby directly engaging with neural networks and behaviors. We discuss current studies utilizing microglial optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches to modulate adult neural circuits. These manipulations of microglia across different CNS regions lead to diverse behavioral consequences. We propose that spatial heterogeneity of microglia-neuron interaction lays the groundwork for understanding diverse functions of microglia in neural circuits and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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3
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Wang C, Xu Y, Xu M, Sun C, Zhang X, Tao X, Song T. SPOCK2 modulates neuropathic pain by interacting with MT1-MMP to regulate astrocytic MMP-2 activation in rats with chronic constriction injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:57. [PMID: 38388415 PMCID: PMC10885439 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) is a kind of intractable pain. The pathogenesis of NP remains a complicated issue for pain management practitioners. SPARC/osteonectin, CWCV, and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) are members of the SPOCK family that play a significant role in the development of the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the role of SPOCK2 in the development of NP in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped to establish CCI models. We examined the effects of SPOCK2 on pain hpersensitivity and spinal astrocyte activation after CCI-induced NP. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were used to reflects the pain behavioral degree. Molecular mechanisms involved in SPOCK2-mediated NP in vivo were examined by western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, we examined the SPOCK2-mediated potential protein-protein interaction (PPI) in vitro coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments. RESULTS We founded the expression level of SPOCK2 in rat spinal cord was markedly increased after CCI-induced NP, while SPOCK2 downregulation could partially relieve pain caused by CCI. Our research showed that SPOCK2 expressed significantly increase in spinal astrocytes when CCI-induced NP. In addition, SPOCK2 could act as an upstream signaling molecule to regulate the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), thus affecting astrocytic ERK1/2 activation and interleukin (IL)-1β production in the development of NP. Moreover, in vitro coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments showed that SPOCK2 could interact with membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP14) to regulate MMP-2 activation by the SPARC extracellular (SPARC_EC) domain. CONCLUSIONS Research shows that SPOCK2 can interact with MT1-MMP to regulate MMP-2 activation, thus affecting astrocytic ERK1/2 activation and IL-1β production to achieve positive promotion of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xueshu Tao
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Asiedu K. Neurophysiology of corneal neuropathic pain and emerging pharmacotherapeutics. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25285. [PMID: 38284865 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The altered activity generated by corneal neuronal injury can result in morphological and physiological changes in the architecture of synaptic connections in the nervous system. These changes can alter the sensitivity of neurons (both second-order and higher-order projection) projecting pain signals. A complex process involving different cell types, molecules, nerves, dendritic cells, neurokines, neuropeptides, and axon guidance molecules causes a high level of sensory rearrangement, which is germane to all the phases in the pathomechanism of corneal neuropathic pain. Immune cells migrating to the region of nerve injury assist in pain generation by secreting neurokines that ensure nerve depolarization. Furthermore, excitability in the central pain pathway is perpetuated by local activation of microglia in the trigeminal ganglion and alterations of the descending inhibitory modulation for corneal pain arriving from central nervous system. Corneal neuropathic pain may be facilitated by dysfunctional structures in the central somatosensory nervous system due to a lesion, altered synaptogenesis, or genetic abnormality. Understanding these important pathways will provide novel therapeutic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Chaves G, Jardin C, Derst C, Musset B. Voltage-Gated Proton Channels in the Tree of Life. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1035. [PMID: 37509071 PMCID: PMC10377628 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With a single gene encoding HV1 channel, proton channel diversity is particularly low in mammals compared to other members of the superfamily of voltage-gated ion channels. Nonetheless, mammalian HV1 channels are expressed in many different tissues and cell types where they exert various functions. In the first part of this review, we regard novel aspects of the functional expression of HV1 channels in mammals by differentially comparing their involvement in (1) close conjunction with the NADPH oxidase complex responsible for the respiratory burst of phagocytes, and (2) in respiratory burst independent functions such as pH homeostasis or acid extrusion. In the second part, we dissect expression of HV channels within the eukaryotic tree of life, revealing the immense diversity of the channel in other phylae, such as mollusks or dinoflagellates, where several genes encoding HV channels can be found within a single species. In the last part, a comprehensive overview of the biophysical properties of a set of twenty different HV channels characterized electrophysiologically, from Mammalia to unicellular protists, is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Chaves
- Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, The Nuremberg Location, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Jardin
- Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, The Nuremberg Location, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Christian Derst
- Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, The Nuremberg Location, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Boris Musset
- Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, The Nuremberg Location, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
- Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, The Salzburg Location, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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6
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de Castro JC, Wang D, Strakowski J, Emril DR, Chang Chien GC. Alpha-2 macroglobulin for the treatment of neuroma pain in the stump of a below-knee amputee patient. Pain Manag 2023; 13:335-341. [PMID: 37551540 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the successful treatment of neuroma pain in the setting of below knee amputations using alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M). A 34-year-old female patient presented with 9 months of stump pain despite conservative treatment. The exam revealed persistent pain through rest periods and weight-bearing status during therapy. Ultrasound showed neuroma formation with neovascularization. The patient underwent two A2M hydrodissection treatments, 2 weeks apart. The patient reported significant pain relief. Ultrasound showed decreases in neovascularization and cross-sectional area of the neuroma. The patient was able to ambulate pain-free for 2 years and reported no pain since. A2M may be a treatment for patients with neuroma pain in the setting of amputations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey Strakowski
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Columbus, OH, 43214, USA
| | - Dessy R Emril
- Medical Faculty of Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, Indonesia
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7
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Shen Y, Luo Y, Liao P, Zuo Y, Jiang R. Role of the Voltage-Gated Proton Channel Hv1 in Nervous Systems. Neurosci Bull 2023:10.1007/s12264-023-01053-6. [PMID: 37029856 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hv1 is the only voltage-gated proton-selective channel in mammalian cells. It contains a conserved voltage-sensor domain, shared by a large class of voltage-gated ion channels, but lacks a pore domain. Its primary role is to extrude protons from the cytoplasm upon pH reduction and membrane depolarization. The best-known function of Hv1 is the regulation of cytosolic pH and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent production of reactive oxygen species. Accumulating evidence indicates that Hv1 is expressed in nervous systems, in addition to immune cells and others. Here, we summarize the molecular properties, distribution, and physiological functions of Hv1 in the peripheral and central nervous systems. We describe the recently discovered functions of Hv1 in various neurological diseases, including brain or spinal cord injury, ischemic stroke, demyelinating diseases, and pain. We also summarize the current advances in the discovery and application of Hv1-targeted small molecules in neurological diseases. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of our understanding of Hv1 and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yuncheng Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Ping Liao
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yunxia Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Ruotian Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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8
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Alvear-Arias JJ, Pena-Pichicoi A, Carrillo C, Fernandez M, Gonzalez T, Garate JA, Gonzalez C. Role of voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) in cancer biology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1175702. [PMID: 37153807 PMCID: PMC10157179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The acid-base characteristics of tumor cells and the other elements that compose the tumor microenvironment have been topics of scientific interest in oncological research. There is much evidence confirming that pH conditions are maintained by changes in the patterns of expression of certain proton transporters. In the past decade, the voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) has been added to this list and is increasingly being recognized as a target with onco-therapeutic potential. The Hv1 channel is key to proton extrusion for maintaining a balanced cytosolic pH. This protein-channel is expressed in a myriad of tissues and cell lineages whose functions vary from producing bioluminescence in dinoflagellates to alkalizing spermatozoa cytoplasm for reproduction, and regulating the respiratory burst for immune system response. It is no wonder that in acidic environments such as the tumor microenvironment, an exacerbated expression and function of this channel has been reported. Indeed, multiple studies have revealed a strong relationship between pH balance, cancer development, and the overexpression of the Hv1 channel, being proposed as a marker for malignancy in cancer. In this review, we present data that supports the idea that the Hv1 channel plays a significant role in cancer by maintaining pH conditions that favor the development of malignancy features in solid tumor models. With the antecedents presented in this bibliographic report, we want to strengthen the idea that the Hv1 proton channel is an excellent therapeutic strategy to counter the development of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Alvear-Arias
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Antonio Pena-Pichicoi
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Christian Carrillo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Miguel Fernandez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tania Gonzalez
- National Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jose A. Garate
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Carlos Gonzalez,
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Bhusal A, Afridi R, Lee WH, Suk K. Bidirectional Communication Between Microglia and Astrocytes in Neuroinflammation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2020-2029. [PMID: 36453496 PMCID: PMC10556371 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common feature of diverse nervous system pathologies. In many instances, it begins at an early stage of the disease, paving the way for further exacerbations. The main drivers of neuroinflammation are brain-resident glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes. Microglia are the primary responders to any insult to the brain parenchyma, translating the signals into diverse molecules. These molecules derived from microglia can regulate the stimuli-dependent reactivity of astrocytes. Once activated, astrocytes in turn, can control microglia phenotypes. Recent evidence indicates that the crosstalk between these glial cells plays an important role in delaying or accelerating neuroinflammation and overall disease progression. To date, various molecules have been recognized as key mediators of the bidirectional communication between microglia and astrocytes. The current review aims to discuss the novel molecules identified recently, which play a critical role in interglial crosstalk, highlighting their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Astrocytic connexin 43 deletion ameliorates SNI-induced neuropathic pain by reducing microglia activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 638:192-199. [PMID: 36462493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic disease caused by damage to the peripheral or central nervous system. Connexin 43 (Cx43), the primary connexin expressed by astrocytes, has been reported to be significantly increased in NP. However, the roles and mechanisms of Cx43 in the development and maintenance of NP remain largely unknown, while microglia activation has been commonly regarded as a key factor of NP. In the present study, we found that Cx43 deletion significantly ameliorated spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced NP and suppressed SNI induced c-Fos expression in the spinal cord. Notably, Cx43 deletion led to much less SNI-induced microglia activation in the spinal cord. These results suggest that astrocyte Cx43 may play a significant role in regulating microglial activation and NP.
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11
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Wu X, Zhang L, Hong L. The role of Phe150 in human voltage-gated proton channel. iScience 2022; 25:105420. [PMID: 36388967 PMCID: PMC9646954 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is a member of voltage-gated ion channels containing voltage-sensing domains (VSDs). The VSDs are made of four membrane-spanning segments (S1 through S4), and their function is to detect changes in membrane potential in the cells. A highly conserved phenylalanine 150 (F150) is located in the S2 segment of human voltage-gated proton channels. We previously discovered that the F150 is a binding site for the open channel blocker 2GBI. Here, we show that the Hv1 VSD voltage-dependent activation requires a hydrophobic group at position F150. We perform double-mutant cycle analysis to probe interactions between F150 and positively charged arginines in the S4 segment of the channel. Our results indicate that F150 interacts with two arginines (R2 and R3) in the S4 segment and catalyzes the transfer of the S4 arginines in the process of voltage-dependent activation. Hydrophobicity of F150 is crucial for human Hv1 channel voltage-dependent activation F150 interacts with R2 to stabilize the closed state of the Hv1 channel When depolarized, R3 moves upward to interact with F150 stabilizing the open state of Hv1 F150 is essential for the transfer of the Hv1 arginines in the process of voltage sensing
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Corresponding author
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12
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Chemogenetic and Optogenetic Manipulations of Microglia in Chronic Pain. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:368-378. [PMID: 35976535 PMCID: PMC10043090 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain relief remains an unmet medical need. Current research points to a substantial contribution of glia-neuron interaction in its pathogenesis. Particularly, microglia play a crucial role in the development of chronic pain. To better understand the microglial contribution to chronic pain, specific regional and temporal manipulations of microglia are necessary. Recently, two new approaches have emerged that meet these demands. Chemogenetic tools allow the expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) specifically in microglia. Similarly, optogenetic tools allow for microglial manipulation via the activation of artificially expressed, light-sensitive proteins. Chemo- and optogenetic manipulations of microglia in vivo are powerful in interrogating microglial function in chronic pain. This review summarizes these emerging tools in studying the role of microglia in chronic pain and highlights their potential applications in microglia-related neurological disorders.
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13
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Castro JCD, Wang D, Chien GCC. Regenerative medicine for neuropathic pain: physiology, ultrasound and therapies with a focus on alpha-2-macroglobulin. Pain Manag 2022; 12:779-793. [PMID: 35762220 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently available drugs to treat neuropathic pain do not provide adequate pain management. As such, other treatments including stem cells, platelet-rich plasma and plasma-derived molecules such as alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) are being explored because they show promising potential for neuropathic pain. The various mechanisms and immunomodulatory effects could be a desirable approach in targeting neuropathic pain. This review indicates that A2M can be highly efficacious due to its conformational change during activation and specificity of action on various cytokines. Its ability to reduce neuropathic pain can further the future of neuropathic intervention. However, there is a lack of robust clinical studies and thus further research is needed to verify and expand the understanding of its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeimylo C de Castro
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Medical City-South Luzon, Santa Rosa, Laguna, 4026, Philippines.,SMARTMD Center for Non-Surgical Pain Interventions, Makati, 1224, Philippines
| | - Daniel Wang
- Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - George C Chang Chien
- Pain Management, Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura, CA 93003, USA.,GCC Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Irvine, CA 92606, USA
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Li DY, Gao SJ, Sun J, Zhang LQ, Wu JY, Song FH, Liu DQ, Zhou YQ, Mei W. Notch signaling activation contributes to paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via activation of A1 astrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175130. [PMID: 35777441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) is a progressive and refractory side effect of chemotherapy with few effective treatments at present. It is well-established that astrocytes activation contributes to the development of PINP. Recent reports showed astrocytes can be divided into A1 and A2 phenotypes. However, whether the transformation of astrocytes participates in PINP and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. As Notch signaling pathway have shown to be involved in neuropathic pain, we aimed to investigate the relationship between Notch signaling pathway and A1 astrocytes in PINP. Herein we found that both A1 astrocytes and Notch signaling were markedly activated in the spinal cord of PINP rats and the downstream molecules of Notch signaling were colocalized with A1 astrocytes. DAPT (an inhibitor of Notch signaling) not only suppressed the mechanical allodynia of PINP rats, but also inhibited the activation of Notch signaling pathway and A1 astrocytes. Furthermore, Jagged1 (a ligand of Notch1 receptors) dose-dependently induced mechanical hyperalgesia in naïve rats and simultaneously led to Notch signaling activation and A1 astrocytes transformation, all of which were inhibited by DAPT. Taken together, these results demonstrate Notch signaling activation contributes to PINP via A1 astrocytes activation, which provides a promising therapeutic target for PINP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shao-Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Long-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fan-He Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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15
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Tang SJ. Reactive astrocytes in pain neural circuit pathogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102584. [PMID: 35717772 PMCID: PMC10391711 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are commonly activated in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of various animal models of pathological pain. Previous investigations suggest an association between astrogliosis and pain pathogenesis. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying astrogliosis activation and the contributions of reactive astrocytes to pain neural circuit malfunction is rudimentary. This short review highlights recent advances in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Tang
- Stony Brook University Pain and Analgesia Research Center (SPARC) and Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794, USA.
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16
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Molecular determinants of inhibition of the human proton channel hHv1 by the designer peptide C6 and a bivalent derivative. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120750119. [PMID: 35648818 PMCID: PMC9191634 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120750119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed C6 peptide to address the absence of specific inhibitors of human voltage-gated proton channels (hHv1). Two C6 bind to the two hHv1 voltage sensors at the resting state, inhibiting activation on depolarization. Here, we identify the C6–hHv1 binding interface using tethered-toxin variants and channel mutants, unveil an important role for negatively charged lipids, and present a model of the C6–hHv1 complex. Inspired by nature, we create a peptide with two C6 epitopes (C62) that binds to both channel subunits simultaneously, yielding picomolar affinity and significantly improved inhibition at high potentials. C6 and C62 are peptides designed to regulate hHv1, a channel involved in innate immune-system inflammatory pathophysiology, sperm capacitation, cancer-cell proliferation, and tissue damage in ischemic stroke. The human voltage-gated proton channel (hHv1) is important for control of intracellular pH. We designed C6, a specific peptide inhibitor of hHv1, to evaluate the roles of the channel in sperm capacitation and in the inflammatory immune response of neutrophils [R. Zhao et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, E11847–E11856 (2018)]. One C6 binds with nanomolar affinity to each of the two S3–S4 voltage-sensor loops in hHv1 in cooperative fashion so that C6-bound channels require greater depolarization to open and do so more slowly. As depolarization drives hHv1 sensors outwardly, C6 affinity decreases, and inhibition is partial. Here, we identified residues essential to C6–hHv1 binding by scanning mutagenesis, five in the hHv1 S3–S4 loops and seven on C6. A structural model of the C6–hHv1 complex was then generated by molecular dynamics simulations and validated by mutant-cycle analysis. Guided by this model, we created a bivalent C6 peptide (C62) that binds simultaneously to both hHv1 subunits and fully inhibits current with picomolar affinity. The results help delineate the structural basis for C6 state-dependent inhibition, support an anionic lipid-mediated binding mechanism, and offer molecular insight into the effectiveness of engineered C6 as a therapeutic agent or lead.
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17
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Kim JH, Chae MR, Wijerathne TD, Cooray AD, Kim CY, Lee SW, Lee KP. In vitro assessment of Prunus japonica seed extract on human spermatozoa hypermotility and intracellular alkalization. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14471. [PMID: 35590125 DOI: 10.1111/and.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus japonica var. nakaii is used in traditional Korean medicine to treat various conditions; however, it has not been investigated for treating male infertility. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of the ethanolic extract of P. japonica seeds on human sperm motility and identified its mechanism of action. Eleven male volunteers were selected, and the effects of the extract on human spermatozoa were assessed through a computer-assisted semen analysis. The P. japonica seed extract increased the percentage of total and progressive motility of spermatozoa. To understand the mechanism of action, we monitored intracellular alkalization using flow cytometry and obtained electrophysiological recordings of human voltage-gated proton channels hHv1 that were overexpressed in HEK-293 cells. The extract shifted the activation curves in a concentration-dependent manner. Two major constituents of the extract, linoleic acid and oleic acid, exhibited proton channel activity. Our in vitro experiments suggested that P. japonica seed extract could be potentially used to rescue sperm motility in idiopathic infertility patients via pharmacological modulation of the proton channels during capacitation. Therefore, our results indicate the therapeutic potential of P. japonica seed extract for treating male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mee Ree Chae
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tharaka Darshana Wijerathne
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Akila Dushyantha Cooray
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Pil Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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18
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Furutani K, Ji RR. Targeting Hv1 proton channel for pain control. Cell Res 2022; 32:419-420. [PMID: 35365754 PMCID: PMC9061828 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Furutani
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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19
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Wu X, Li Y, Maienschein-Cline M, Feferman L, Wu L, Hong L. RNA-Seq Analyses Reveal Roles of the HVCN1 Proton Channel in Cardiac pH Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:860502. [PMID: 35372367 PMCID: PMC8967321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.860502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated proton channel HVCN1 is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel family. HVCN1 channel controls acid extrusion and regulates pH homeostasis in various cell types. Recent evidence indicated that the HVCN1 channel was associated with cardiac function. To investigate the role of HVCN1 in cardiac myocytes, we performed an RNA sequencing analysis of murine hearts and showed that HVCN1 null hearts exhibited a differential transcriptome profile compared with wild-type hearts. The RNA-seq data indicating impaired pH homeostasis in HVCN1 null hearts were the downregulated NADPH oxidoreductases (NOXs) and decreased expression of Cl−/HCO3− exchanger, indicating HVCN1 is a regulator of gene transcriptional networks controlling NOX signaling and CO2 homeostasis in the heart. Additionally, HVCN1 null hearts exhibited differential expression of cardiac ion channels, suggesting a potential role of HVCN1 in cardiac electrophysiological remodeling. The study highlights the importance of HVCN1 in cardiac function and may present a novel target associated with heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leonid Feferman
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Longjun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Liang Hong,
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20
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Zhou C, Zheng J, Fan Y, Wu J. TI: NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in CNS Trauma: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:821225. [PMID: 35186932 PMCID: PMC8847380 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.821225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. TBI and SCI have similar pathophysiological mechanisms and are often accompanied by serious inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis, an inflammation-dependent programmed cell death, is becoming a major problem in CNS post-traumatic injury. Notably, the pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key protein in the pyroptosis signaling pathway. Therefore, underlying mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of CNS trauma has attracted much attention. In this review, we briefly summarize the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in pyroptosis signaling pathway, including its prime and activation. Moreover, the dynamic expression pattern, and roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CNS post-traumatic injury are summarized. The therapeutic applications of NLRP3 inflammasome activation inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junsong Wu,
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