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Zhu Z, Ren W, Li S, Gao L, Zhi K. Functional significance of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification in regulating autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107120. [PMID: 38417774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a core molecular pathway that preserves cellular and organismal homeostasis. Being susceptible to nutrient availability and stress, eukaryotic cells recycle or degrade internal components via membrane transport pathways to provide sustainable biological molecules and energy sources. The dysregulation of this highly conserved physiological process has been strongly linked to human disease. Post-translational modification, a mechanism that regulates protein function, plays a crucial role in autophagy regulation. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation), a monosaccharide post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, is essential in nutritional and stress regulatory mechanisms. O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as an essential regulatory mechanism of autophagy. It regulates autophagy throughout its lifetime by targeting the core components of the autophagy regulatory network. This review provides an overview of the O-GlcNAcylation of autophagy-associated proteins and their regulation and function in the autophagy pathway. Therefore, this article may contribute to further understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc-regulated autophagy and provide new perspectives for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
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Kane MS, Benavides GA, Osuma E, Johnson MS, Collins HE, He Y, Westbrook D, Litovsky SH, Mitra K, Chatham JC, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME, Zhang J. The interplay between sex, time of day, fasting status, and their impact on cardiac mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21638. [PMID: 38062139 PMCID: PMC10703790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria morphology and function, and their quality control by mitophagy, are essential for heart function. We investigated whether these are influenced by time of the day (TOD), sex, and fed or fasting status, using transmission electron microscopy (EM), mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity, and mito-QC reporter mice. We observed peak mitochondrial number at ZT8 in the fed state, which was dependent on the intrinsic cardiac circadian clock, as hearts from cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (CBK) mice exhibit different TOD responses. In contrast to mitochondrial number, mitochondrial ETC activities do not fluctuate across TOD, but decrease immediately and significantly in response to fasting. Concurrent with the loss of ETC activities, ETC proteins were decreased with fasting, simultaneous with significant increases of mitophagy, mitochondrial antioxidant protein SOD2, and the fission protein DRP1. Fasting-induced mitophagy was lost in CBK mice, indicating a direct role of BMAL1 in regulating mitophagy. This is the first of its kind report to demonstrate the interactions between sex, fasting, and TOD on cardiac mitochondrial structure, function and mitophagy. These studies provide a foundation for future investigations of mitochondrial functional perturbation in aging and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariame S Kane
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Birmingham VA Health Care System (BVACS), Birmingham, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Edie Osuma
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Helen E Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Yecheng He
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David Westbrook
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Silvio H Litovsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Ashoka University, Sonipat, NCR (Delhi), India
| | - John C Chatham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th St. S., ZRB 308, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL, BMRII-53435294-0017, USA.
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Narayanan B, Sinha P, Henry R, Reeves RA, Paolocci N, Kohr MJ, Zachara NE. Cardioprotective O-GlcNAc signaling is elevated in murine female hearts via enhanced O-GlcNAc transferase activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105447. [PMID: 37949223 PMCID: PMC10711226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modification of intracellular proteins by O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a critical regulator of cardiac function. Enhanced O-GlcNAcylation activates cytoprotective pathways in cardiac models of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the mechanisms underpinning O-GlcNAc cycling in response to I/R injury have not been comprehensively assessed. The cycling of O-GlcNAc is regulated by the collective efforts of two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which catalyze the addition and hydrolysis of O-GlcNAc, respectively. It has previously been shown that baseline heart physiology and pathophysiology are impacted by sex. Here, we hypothesized that sex differences in molecular signaling may target protein O-GlcNAcylation both basally and in ischemic hearts. To address this question, we subjected male and female WT murine hearts to ex vivo ischemia or I/R injury. We assessed hearts for protein O-GlcNAcylation, abundance of OGT, OGA, and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT2), activity of OGT and OGA, and UDP-GlcNAc levels. Our data demonstrate elevated O-GlcNAcylation in female hearts both basally and during ischemia. We show that OGT activity was enhanced in female hearts in all treatments, suggesting a mechanism for these observations. Furthermore, we found that ischemia led to reduced O-GlcNAcylation and OGT-specific activity. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding molecular mechanisms that regulate O-GlcNAcylation in the heart and highlight the importance of sex as a significant factor when assessing key regulatory events that control O-GlcNAc cycling. These data suggest the intriguing possibility that elevated O-GlcNAcylation in females contributes to reduced ischemic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Narayanan
- The Department of Biological Chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Prithvi Sinha
- The Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger Henry
- The Department of Biological Chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell A Reeves
- The Department of Biological Chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Mark J Kohr
- The Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- The Department of Biological Chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Department of Oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Bell MB, Ouyang X, Shelton AK, Huynh NV, Mueller T, Chacko BK, Jegga AG, Chatham JC, Miller CR, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Relationships between gene expression and behavior in mice in response to systemic modulation of the O-GlcNAcylation pathway. J Neurochem 2023; 165:682-700. [PMID: 37129420 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing protein O-GlcNAcylation by pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes the O-GlcNAc modification from proteins, has been explored in mouse models of amyloid-beta and tau pathology. However, the O-GlcNAcylation-dependent link between gene expression and neurological behavior remains to be explored. Using chronic administration of Thiamet G (TG, an OGA inhibitor) in vivo, we used a protocol designed to relate behavior with the transcriptome and selected biochemical parameters from the cortex of individual animals. TG-treated mice showed improved working memory as measured using a Y-maze test. RNA sequencing analysis revealed 151 top differentially expressed genes with a Log2fold change >0.33 and adjusted p-value <0.05. Top TG-dependent upregulated genes were related to learning, cognition and behavior, while top downregulated genes were related to IL-17 signaling, inflammatory response and chemotaxis. Additional pathway analysis uncovered 3 pathways, involving gene expression including 14 cytochrome c oxidase subunits/regulatory components, chaperones or assembly factors, and 5 mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling factors. Multivariate Kendall correlation analyses of behavioral tests and the top TG-dependent differentially expressed genes revealed 91 statistically significant correlations in saline-treated mice and 70 statistically significant correlations in TG-treated mice. These analyses provide a network regulation landscape that is important in relating the transcriptome to behavior and the potential impact of the O-GlcNAC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiaosen Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abigail K Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nha V Huynh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Toni Mueller
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Balu K Chacko
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Anil G Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Ouyang X, Bakshi S, Benavides GA, Sun Z, Hernandez-Moreno G, Collins HE, Kane MS, Litovsky S, Young ME, Chatham JC, Darley-Usmar V, Wende AR, Zhang J. Cardiomyocyte ZKSCAN3 regulates remodeling following pressure-overload. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15686. [PMID: 37144628 PMCID: PMC10161215 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is important for protein and organelle quality control. Growing evidence demonstrates that autophagy is tightly controlled by transcriptional mechanisms, including repression by zinc finger containing KRAB and SCAN domains 3 (ZKSCAN3). We hypothesize that cardiomyocyte-specific ZKSCAN3 knockout (Z3K) disrupts autophagy activation and repression balance and exacerbates cardiac pressure-overload-induced remodeling following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Indeed, Z3K mice had an enhanced mortality compared to control (Con) mice following TAC. Z3K-TAC mice that survived exhibited a lower body weight compared to Z3K-Sham. Although both Con and Z3K mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy after TAC, Z3K mice exhibited TAC-induced increase of left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd). Conversely, Con-TAC mice exhibited decreases in PWT%, fractional shortening (FS%), and ejection fraction (EF%). Autophagy genes (Tfeb, Lc3b, and Ctsd) were decreased by the loss of ZKSCAN3. TAC suppressed Zkscan3, Tfeb, Lc3b, and Ctsd in Con mice, but not in Z3K. The Myh6/Myh7 ratio, which is related to cardiac remodeling, was decreased by the loss of ZKSCAN3. Although Ppargc1a mRNA and citrate synthase activities were decreased by TAC in both genotypes, mitochondrial electron transport chain activity did not change. Bi-variant analyses show that while in Con-Sham, the levels of autophagy and cardiac remodeling mRNAs form a strong correlation network, such was disrupted in Con-TAC, Z3K-Sham, and Z3K-TAC. Ppargc1a also forms different links in Con-sham, Con-TAC, Z3K-Sham, and Z3K-TAC. We conclude that ZKSCAN3 in cardiomyocytes reprograms autophagy and cardiac remodeling gene transcription, and their relationships with mitochondrial activities in response to TAC-induced pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosen Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sayan Bakshi
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhihuan Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Helen E Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mariame S Kane
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Silvio Litovsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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