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Wei J, Zheng H, Dai S, Liu M. A bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis of bispecific antibodies in cancer immunotherapy from 2000 to 2023. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23929. [PMID: 38312701 PMCID: PMC10835268 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bispecific antibody (BsAb)-based cancer immunotherapy has provided new avenues for the treatment of various malignancies. The approval of Blinatumomab has encouraged further investigation into these treatments, and a series of preclinical and clinical trials have been conducted, together with the publication of numerous articles. Here, the knowledge structure of BsAb-based cancer immunotherapy is summarized using bibliometric analysis to provide in-depth insight into current research trends and foci. Methods The studies included in the bibliometric analysis of BsAbs in cancer immunotherapy were retrieved from the online Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database on April 16th, 2023. Visualization analysis was performed with the help of CtieSpace (version 6.2.2.msi [64-bit]), VOSviewer (version 1.6.19), R (version 4.2.1), and the Bibliometric analysis platform (R-based online data processing tool). Results A total of 1750 papers were identified. Analysis of annual publications and total citations indicated that publications have increased steadily over the past few decades. The USA, followed by Germany, had largest number of publications, making significant contributions to the field. The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center received the highest number of citations (n = 3769). However, its collaboration and cooperation with different institutions require further strengthening. MAbs and Clinical Cancer Research published the most papers, while Blood and Cancer Research were the most commonly co-cited journals. DM Goldenberg from the USA published the most articles with the highest H-index (34), and the most co-cited author (2137 citations) was PA Baeuerle; both these authors have distinguished achievements in this field. Analysis of co-cited references and keywords showed that the hotspots and research focus on the use of BsAbs for solid tumors have increased rapidly while the application of BsAb immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies has expanded significantly. The hot topics in the field included cytokine release syndrome, the efficacy and safety of BsAbs, resistance mechanisms, and the exploration and optimization of combination therapies. Conclusion Cancer immunotherapies based on BsAbs are a hot topic in research. Current studies focus on the construction and optimization of BsAb structure, as well as their combination with other treatment modalities to improve their efficacy and overcome resistance. Furthermore, it is expected that the ongoing investigation of BsAb-based immunotherapy for solid tumors will bear fruit with significant clinical application prospects in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology/Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Huilan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610075, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology/Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
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Huang H, Du J, Meng X, Wu D, Yu Y, Wang S, Wang L, Wang W, Tang Y, Li N. Growing research and development of targeted anticancer drugs in China. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2023; 3:129-134. [PMID: 39035724 PMCID: PMC11256715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To deliver a comprehensive picture of the landscape and changing trend of trials and approvals on targeted anticancer drugs in China from 2012 to 2021. Methods Trials, investigated products, and listed drugs were acquired from national databases. The status quo, changing trend of absolute number, and proportion of targeted trials, products, and drugs, as well as the corresponding difference between domestic and foreign companies were analyzed. Results A total of 2,632 trials on 1,167 targeted antitumor drugs were identified, accounting for 81.5% of all registered trials. The number and proportion of trials on targeted drugs increased steadily, with an average growth rate of 36.0% and 6.2%, respectively. A similar growth trend was observed in the number (33.7%) and proportion (13.8%) of targeted drugs. Targeted drugs and trials owned by domestic companies accounted for a higher proportion than that by foreign companies (80.5% vs. 19.5%; 83.2% vs. 16.8%, respectively), and the growing trend for both targeted drugs (13.8% vs. 5.7%) and trials (13.8% vs. 33.7%) owned by domestic companies was faster. The proportion of targeted drug trials (80.5% vs. 85.6%) and multicenter trials (6.0% vs. 69.9%) initiated by domestic companies was lower than that by foreign companies, with the gap gradually narrowing. Among the identified 18 targets of the 126 immune drugs under development, only one globally new target was found. Conclusions Research and development of targeted antitumor drugs in China are booming and advancing rapidly, and domestic enterprises have become the pillar. Encouraging genomics activities and establishing incentives and public-private collaboration frameworks are crucial for innovation-oriented drug development in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Huang
- Clinical Trials Center, National Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingting Du
- Clinical Trials Center, National Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dawei Wu
- Clinical Trials Center, National Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Clinical Trials Center, National Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, National Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yu Tang
- Clinical Trials Center, National Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Trials Center, National Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yu K, Liu B, Yu H, Sun C, Wang X, Li G, Dong M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xu N, Liu W. A neutralizing bispecific single-chain antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant produced based on CR3022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1155293. [PMID: 37207187 PMCID: PMC10189128 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1155293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The constantly mutating SARS-CoV-2 has been infected an increasing number of people, hence the safe and efficacious treatment are urgently needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are potentially effective therapeutics against COVID-19. As a new form of antibody, bispecific single chain antibodies (BscAbs) can be easily expressed in E. coli and exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Methods In this study, we constructed two BscAbs 16-29, 16-3022 and three single chain variable fragments (scFv) S1-16, S2-29 and S3022 as a comparison to explore their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The affinity of the five antibodies was characterized by ELISA and SPR and the neutralizing activity of them was analyzed using pseudovirus or authentic virus neutralization assay. Bioinformatics and competitive ELISA methods were used to identify different epitopes on RBD. Results Our results revealed the potent neutralizing activity of two BscAbs 16-29 and 16-3022 against SARS-CoV-2 original strain and Omicron variant infection. In addition, we also found that SARS-CoV RBD-targeted scFv S3022 could play a synergistic role with other SARS-CoV-2 RBD-targeted antibodies to enhance neutralizing activity in the form of a BscAb or in cocktail therapies. Discussion This innovative approach offers a promising avenue for the development of subsequent antibody therapies against SARSCoV-2. Combining the advantages of cocktails and single-molecule strategies, BscAb therapy has the potential to be developed as an effective immunotherapeutic for clinical use to mitigate the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haotian Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chengbiao Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guorui Li
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianxu Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Na Xu
- Academic Affairs Office, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Wensen Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Xu C, Zhang S, Zhu GL, Yang KB, Zhang Y, Mao YP, Tang LL, Liu Q, Huang Y, Ma J. Disparities in positive results and dissemination of randomized controlled trials in immuno-oncology. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 42:91-100. [PMID: 35712868 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2088744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis aimed to demonstrate the disparities in positive results and dissemination patterns of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in global immuno-oncology (IO). METHODS Phase II-IV RCTs with results reported by article publications registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in 2007-2018 studying immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer, cancer vaccines, and immune modulators were included. RESULTS Twenty-eight percent of trials were positive (72 of 258), most of which were pharma-sponsored and focused on ICI and multiple IO therapies in lung cancer, melanoma, and multiple cancer types. The recent period of trial start year, upfront registration, large sample size, high strictness score on corticosteroid/infection-related criteria, and survival endpoints were associated with positive results. Trials from Mainland China had a faster publication timeline of positive results but lacked study diversity or full reporting of negative results compared with US and multinational trials. Compared with phase II trials, phase III-IV trials had a higher average proportion of positive results (28.9% vs. 22.2%) and a more stable change over the past decade (23.65% vs. 49.24%). Positive trials yielded more secondary manuscripts (10 vs. 4), a shorter publication process of approximately two years (P < 0.001), and a superiority in the dissemination of journals with an h-index >90 (P < 0.001) compared with negative trials. CONCLUSION Disparities in positive result dissemination are widespread in IO RCTs and affected by trial features. We proposed improvements in upfront registration, procedural integrity, and adequate inclusion of rival trials reporting negative results within the earlier two years in future reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Li Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Bin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Mao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Long Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Development of a bispecific antibody targeting PD-L1 and TIGIT with optimal cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18011. [PMID: 36289396 PMCID: PMC9606248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) are two potential targets for cancer immunotherapy, early clinical studies showed the combination therapy of anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIGIT had synergistic efficacy both in the terms of overall response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS). It is rational to construct bispecific antibodies targeting PD-L1 and TIGIT, besides retaining the efficacy of the combination therapy, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) can provide a new mechanism of action, such as bridging between tumor cells and T/NK cells. Here, we developed an IgG1-type bispecific antibody with optimal cytotoxicity. In this study, we thoroughly investigated 16 IgG-VHH formats with variable orientations and linker lengths, the results demonstrated that (G4S)2 linker not only properly separated two binding domains but also had the highest protein yield. Moreover, VHH-HC orientation perfectly maintained the binding and cytotoxicity activity of the variable domain of the heavy chain of heavy-chain-only antibody (VHH) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Following treatment with BiPT-23, tumor growth was significantly suppressed in vivo, with more cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells infiltration, and selective depletion of Regulatory T cells (Tregs). BiPT-23 represents novel immunotherapy engineered to prevent hyperprogression of cancer with PD-1 blockade, and preferentially killed PD-L1+ tumor cells, and TIGIT+ Tregs but maintained CD11b+F4/80+ immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Li W, Wang F, Guo R, Bian Z, Song Y. Targeting macrophages in hematological malignancies: recent advances and future directions. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:110. [PMID: 35978372 PMCID: PMC9387027 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the detection and clearance of cancer cells via phagocytosis induced by innate immune checkpoints play significant roles in tumor-mediated immune escape. The most well-described innate immune checkpoints are the "don't eat me" signals, including the CD47/signal regulatory protein α axis (SIRPα), PD-1/PD-L1 axis, CD24/SIGLEC-10 axis, and MHC-I/LILRB1 axis. Molecules have been developed to block these pathways and enhance the phagocytic activity against tumors. Several clinical studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of CD47 blockades, either alone or in combination with existing therapy in hematological malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and lymphoma. However, only a minority of patients have significant responses to these treatments alone. Combining CD47 blockades with other treatment modalities are in clinical studies, with early results suggesting a synergistic therapeutic effect. Targeting macrophages with bispecific antibodies are being explored in blood cancer therapy. Furthermore, reprogramming of pro-tumor macrophages to anti-tumor macrophages, and CAR macrophages (CAR-M) demonstrate anti-tumor activities. In this review, we elucidated distinct types of macrophage-targeted strategies in hematological malignancies, from preclinical experiments to clinical trials, and outlined potential therapeutic approaches being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Rongqun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhilei Bian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Wei W, Corbeil CR, Gaudreault F, Deprez C, Purisima EO, Sulea T. Antibody mutations favoring
pH
‐dependent binding in solid tumor microenvironments: Insights from large‐scale structure‐based calculations. Proteins 2022; 90:1538-1546. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.26340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanlei Wei
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center National Research Council Canada Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Christopher R. Corbeil
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center National Research Council Canada Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Francis Gaudreault
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center National Research Council Canada Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Christophe Deprez
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center National Research Council Canada Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Enrico O. Purisima
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center National Research Council Canada Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Traian Sulea
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center National Research Council Canada Montreal Quebec Canada
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Segués A, Huang S, Sijts A, Berraondo P, Zaiss DM. Opportunities and challenges of bi-specific antibodies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 369:45-70. [PMID: 35777864 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent clinical approval of different Bi-specific antibodies (BsAbs) has revealed the great therapeutic potential of this novel class of biologicals. For example, the bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), Blinatumomab, demonstrated the unique capacity of BsAbs to link T-cells with tumor cells, inducing targeted tumor cell removal. Additionally, Amivantamab, recognizing the EGFR and cMet in cis, revealed a substantial improvement of therapeutic efficacy by concomitantly targeting two tumor antigens. Cis-targeting BsAbs furthermore allow discerning cell populations which concurrently express two antigens, for which each antigen expression pattern in itself might not be selective. In this way, BsAbs harbor the great prospect of being more specific and showing fewer side effects than monoclonal antibodies. Nevertheless, BsAbs have also faced major obstacles, for instance, in ensuring reliable assembly and clinical-grade purification. In this review, we summarize the different available antibody platforms currently used for the generation of IgG-like and non-IgG-like BsAbs and explain which approaches have been used to assemble those BsAbs which are currently approved for clinical application. By focusing on the example of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and the different, ongoing approaches to develop BsAbs specifically targeting Tregs within the tumor microenvironment, our review highlights the huge potential as well as the pitfalls BsAb face in order to emerge as one of the most effective therapeutic biologicals targeting desired cell populations in a highly selective way. Such BsAb may improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects, thereby opening novel treatment opportunities for a range of different diseases, such as cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Segués
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shuyu Huang
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Sijts
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dietmar M Zaiss
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Immune Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Novel Bi-Specific Immuno-Modulatory Tribodies Potentiate T Cell Activation and Increase Anti-Tumor Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073466. [PMID: 35408827 PMCID: PMC8998846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has already shown significant improvements by combining different antibodies specific for distinct immune checkpoints, such as Ipilimumab and Nivolumab. Here, we tested combinatorial treatments of immunomodulatory antibodies, previously generated in our laboratory, for their effects on hPBMC activation, either upon stimulation with SEB or in co-cultures with tumor cells by cytokine secretion assays. We found that some of them showed additive or synergistic effects, and on the basis of these observations, we constructed, for the first time, four novel bispecific tribodies (TR), made up of a Fab derived from one anti-IC mAb and two scFvs derived from another mAb targeting a different IC. All four TRs cotargeting either programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and Lymphocyte Activating 3 (LAG-3) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and LAG-3 retained binding affinity for their targets and the antagonistic effects of their parental mAbs, but some of them also showed an increased ability to induce lymphocyte activation and increased in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor cells compared to parental antibodies used either alone or in combinatorial treatments. Furthermore, none of the tribodies showed significant increased cytotoxicity on human cardiomyocytes. Considering that the tribody format reduces production costs (as only one construct provides the inhibitory effects of two antibodies), has an intermediate molecular size (100 kDa) which is well suited for both tumor penetration and an acceptable half-life, we think that these novel immunomodulatory TRBs have the potential to become precious tools for therapeutic applications, particularly in monotherapy-resistant cancer patients.
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Wu Y, Yi M, Zhu S, Wang H, Wu K. Recent advances and challenges of bispecific antibodies in solid tumors. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:56. [PMID: 34922633 PMCID: PMC8684149 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made remarkable progress in the past decade. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have acquired much attention as the next generation strategy of antibody-target cancer immunotherapy, which overwhelmingly focus on T cell recruitment and dual receptors blockade. So far, BsAb drugs have been proved clinically effective and approved for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but no BsAb have been approved in solid tumors. Numerous designed BsAb drugs for solid tumors are now undergoing evaluation in clinical trials. In this review, we will introduce the formats of bispecific antibodies, and then update the latest preclinical studies and clinical trials in solid tumors of BsAbs targeting EpCAM, CEA, PMSA, ErbB family, and so on. Finally, we discuss the BsAb-related adverse effects and the alternative strategy for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Beijing Anjianxi Medicinal Technology Co., Ltd., No.2 Cuiwei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100036, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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11
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Jiang Z, Sun H, Yu J, Tian W, Song Y. Targeting CD47 for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:180. [PMID: 34717705 PMCID: PMC8557524 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made in targeting CD47 for cancer immunotherapy in solid tumors (ST) and hematological malignancies. We summarized the CD47-related clinical research and analyzed the research trend both in the USA and in China. As of August 28, 2021, there are a total 23 related therapeutic agents with 46 clinical trials in the NCT registry platform. Among these trials, 29 are in ST, 14 in hematological malignancies and 3 in both solid tumor and hematological malignancy. The ST include gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma, while the hematological malignancies include non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma and chronic myeloid leukemia. Majority of the CD47-related clinical trials are at the early phases, such as 31 at phase I, 14 at phase II and 1 at phase III in the USA and 9, 6, 1, in China, respectively. The targets and spectrums of mechanism of action include 26 with mono-specific and 20 with bi-specific targets in the USA and 13 with mono-specific and 3 with bi-specific targets in China. The new generation CD47 antibodies have demonstrated promising results, and it is highly hopeful that some candidate agents will emerge and make into clinical application to meet the urgent needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Radiation Therapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
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