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Natile M, Ancora G, D'Andrea V, Pittiruti M, Barone G. A narrative review on tip navigation and tip location of central venous access devices in the neonate: Intracavitary ECG or real time ultrasound? J Vasc Access 2024:11297298241259247. [PMID: 39090995 DOI: 10.1177/11297298241259247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The proper location of the tip of a central venous access device plays a crucial role in minimizing the risks potentially associated with its use. Recent guidelines strongly recommend preferring real-time, intra-procedural methods of tip location since they are more accurate, more reliable and more cost-effective than post-procedural methods. Intracavitary electrocardiography and real time ultrasound can both be applied in the neonatal setting, but they offer different advantages or disadvantages depending on the type of central venous access device. Reviewing the evidence currently available about the use of these two methods in neonates, in terms of applicability, feasibility and accuracy, it can be concluded that (a) real time ultrasound is the only acceptable methodology for tip navigation for any central venous access device in neonates, (b) intracavitary electrocardiography is the preferred method of tip location for central catheters inserted by ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein or the brachiocephalic vein, and (c) real time ultrasound is the preferred method of tip location for umbilical venous catheters, epicutaneo-cava catheters, and central catheters inserted by ultrasound-guided cannulation of the common femoral vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miria Natile
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, AUSL della Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Gina Ancora
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, AUSL della Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Vito D'Andrea
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Pittiruti
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, AUSL della Romagna, Rimini, Italy
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Wren JT, Eslambolchi A, Clark K, Najaf T. Affordable Implementation of a Point-of-Care Ultrasound Program in a Large Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to Assess Umbilical Venous Catheter Tips and Aid Central Placement. Am J Perinatol 2024. [PMID: 38955218 DOI: 10.1055/a-2358-6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to implement a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) program into a large neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to enhance care by improving (1) umbilical venous catheter (UVC) tip identification and (2) central placement. STUDY DESIGN A POCUS program was established with core providers who received training from external and internal experts. A prospective study (n = 94) compared the accuracy of UVC identification between neonatology-performed ultrasound (NeoUS) and X-ray relative to a referent of radiology-interpreted ultrasound. Finally, an ultrasound-guided UVC insertion protocol was introduced to rescue noncentral traditionally placed catheters (n = 37). RESULTS Program implementation trained six providers for a total cost of approximately $10,500 USD. NeoUS was more accurate than X-ray at identifying UVC location (81.9 vs. 60.6%) with improved sensitivity and specificity (80.0 and 84.6 vs. 52.5 and 66.7%, respectively). POCUS guidance was able to rescue 89.2% of catheters that were originally noncentral. CONCLUSION POCUS implementation in a large NICU is feasible, affordable, and can improve quality of care. KEY POINTS · POCUS implementation is feasible and affordable.. · POCUS is more accurate than X-ray at monitoring UVCs.. · Central UVC placement can be increased with POCUS..
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Wren
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Azadeh Eslambolchi
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kristen Clark
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Saint Louis Children's Hospital, BJC Healthcare, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tasnim Najaf
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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D'Andrea V, Prontera G, Cota F, Perri A, Russo R, Barone G, Vento G. Real-Time Ultrasound Tip Location Reduces Malposition and Radiation Exposure during Umbilical Venous Catheter Placement in Neonates: A Retrospective, Observational Study. Neonatology 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38934171 DOI: 10.1159/000538905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The umbilical venous catheter is a vital access device in neonatal intensive care units for preterm and critically ill infants. Correct positioning is crucial, as malpositioning can lead to severe complications. According to international guidelines, the position of the umbilical venous catheter tip must be assessed in real time; traditionally, the catheter is visualized with a thoracoabdominal X-ray, but one of the most effective and safest methods is therefore real-time ultrasound. METHODS This study compares real-time ultrasound and traditional X-ray methods for assessing umbilical venous catheter tip location in 461 cases. The rate of tip malposition was analyzed retrospectively. The secondary aim was to assess indwelling time of umbilical venous catheters and reasons of removal. RESULTS Real-time ultrasound tip location, found to be more reliable and efficient, demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of primary malpositioning compared to X-ray assessments (9.6 vs. 75.9%). The study also highlighted the association of real-time ultrasound with reduced catheter manipulation, fewer radiographs, and higher indwelling times of umbilical venous catheter. The multiple logistic regression showed a high probability of the central safe position of the umbilical venous catheter tip using real-time ultrasound tip location (odds ratio 29.5, 95% confidence interval: 17.4-49.4). CONCLUSION The findings support the adoption of real-time ultrasound in clinical settings to enhance umbilical venous catheter placement accuracy and minimize associated risks. A minimal training investment is needed to attain the proficiency to visualize the umbilical venous catheters, offering a substantial advantage in terms of both cost-effectiveness for the procedure and enhanced patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito D'Andrea
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Prontera
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cota
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perri
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosellina Russo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Rajaraman N, Gowda H. Does the use of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) improve umbilical venous catheter (UVC) positioning in neonates? Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:598-601. [PMID: 38199817 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Rajaraman
- Neonatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Neonatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Ostroff M, Elzomor H, Weite TA, Garcia D, Ahn J, Stanko O, Anderson K, Winborne A, Alexandrou E. Femoral to abdomen tunneling at the bedside for medium/long term venous access. J Vasc Access 2024:11297298241251510. [PMID: 38708830 DOI: 10.1177/11297298241251510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femoral to abdomen tunneling of small-bore central venous catheters is a bedside technique for patients with contraindications to a thoracic approach, or as an alternative to a lower extremity catheter exit site. METHOD A femoral to abdomen tunneling technique was implemented for patients receiving medium and long-term intravenous treatments with contraindications to the thoracic venous approach or as an alternative to a lower extremity catheter exit site. All venous access devices were inserted with ultrasound guidance under local anesthesia, and catheter tip placement assessed by post procedural radiography. RESULTS In this case series, from January 2020 to January 2023, a total of eight FTA-tunneled venous access devices were inserted. There were seven ambulatory patients and one bedbound patient. The median length of the subcutaneous tunnel was 20 cm, ranging from 15 to 27 cm. The median length of the intravenous catheter to the terminal tip was 31 cm, ranging from 23 to 40 cm. Tip location was confirmed by post-procedural abdominal radiograph. The catheter tip locations were interpreted to be at the level of T8-T9 (2), T12 (1), L4 (2), L2 (2), L1(1).No insertion or post insertion related complication was reported. Six patients completed the scheduled intravenous treatment. One patient was unable to be tracked due to transfer to an outside facility. One catheter initially demonstrated to be coiled over the left common iliac vessel was repositioned using a high flow flush technique. There was one reported catheter dislodgment by the nurse providing care and maintenance. The overall implant days were 961, with a median dwell time of 125 days ranging from 20 to 399 days. CONCLUSION Femoral to abdomen tunneling provides an alternative exit site useful in select patients with complex intravenous access. The data of this small retrospective review suggests this a safe and minimally invasive bedside procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Ostroff
- Saint Josephs Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Garcia
- Saint Josephs Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Jane Ahn
- Saint Josephs Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Olena Stanko
- Saint Josephs Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
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Harer MW, Gadek L, Rothwell AC, Richard L, Starr MC, Adegboro CO. Correlation of Renal Tissue Oxygenation to Venous, Arterial, and Capillary Blood Gas Oxygen Saturation in Preterm Neonates. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e1228-e1234. [PMID: 36709760 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to assess the correlation of renal regional tissue saturation of oxygen (RrSO2) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in preterm neonates to venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) obtained from umbilical venous catheters (UVCs), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) obtained from umbilical artery catheters (UACs), and capillary oxygen saturation (ScO2) from capillary heel blood draws. STUDY DESIGN A secondary analysis of a prospective RrSO2 monitoring study in preterm neonates born <32 weeks gestational age. Neonates with any blood gas obtained during RrSO2 monitoring were included. RrSO2 was compared with simultaneous O2 saturation using non-parametric Mann Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS In 35 neonates, 25 UVC, 151 UAC, and 68 heel capillary specimens were obtained. RrSO2 was lower than the median SvO2 (58.8 vs. 78.9, p <0.01), SaO2 (51.0 vs. 93.2, p <0.01), and ScO2 (62.2 vs. 94.25, p <0.01). RrSO2 values correlated to both SaO2 and ScO2 (r = 0.32; p <0.01, r = 0.26; p = 0.03), but not SvO2 (r = 0.07; p = 0.74). CONCLUSION In this secondary analysis, RrSO2 was consistently lower than blood gas O2 saturations and correlated with SaO2 and ScO2 but not SvO2. Lack of a correlation to SvO2 could be due to the small UVC sample size limiting statistical power. Future studies should prospectively evaluate if RrSO2 truly primarily reflects venous oxygenation in preterm neonates. KEY POINTS · Renal oxygenation correlates with arterial and capillary oxygen saturation.. · Renal oxygenation did not correlate with venous oxygenation from umbilical venous catheters.. · Studies are needed to determine if renal oxygenation primarily reflects venous or arterial oxygen..
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Harer
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lauren Gadek
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy C Rothwell
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Luke Richard
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle C Starr
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Pediatric and Adolescent Comparative Effectiveness Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Claudette O Adegboro
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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D'Andrea V, Prontera G, Cota F, Russo R, Barone G, Vento G. Real-Time Ultrasound Tip Location Reduces Malposition and Radiation Exposure during Epicutaneo-Caval Catheter Placement in Neonates. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e1183-e1189. [PMID: 36693388 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1760744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epicutaneo-caval catheters (ECCs) are essential for the care of sick infants who require long-term medical and nutritional management. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of real-time ultrasound as an alternative to X-rays to reduce the incidence of primary malpositions during catheter insertion. STUDY DESIGN Data on ECCs were retrospectively collected in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Catheter were analyzed considering the tip location technique (standard chest-abdominal radiograph vs real-time ultrasound) RESULTS: A total of 248 ECCs were analyzed. Of these, 118 catheters had primary malposition (47.6%). The tip of 165 catheters was assessed using standard chest-abdominal X-rays and 107 (64.8%) were found to be in an inappropriate location. In the group of 83 catheters that were placed using real-time ultrasound for tip location, only 11 catheters (13.2%) had primary malposition. The rate of malposition among the two groups showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Hypothetically, 300 chest X-rays could have been saved if real-time ultrasound had been used to locate the tip, reducing radiation exposure to infants. CONCLUSION The use of a real-time ultrasound may be beneficial in reducing primary catheter malpositions compared with conventional radiography. In addition, secondary malpositions and catheter-related complications can be monitored over time. KEY POINTS · Conventional radiology cannot be considered the "gold standard" for ECC tip location.. · Ultrasound is more accurate and reduces insertion time reducing the rate of primary malposition.. · Ultrasound can be performed in real time and it is the best technique for ECC tip location in infants..
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito D'Andrea
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Prontera
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cota
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosellina Russo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, UOC Neuroradiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Romagna, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Salimi-Jazi F, Wood L, Rafeeqi T, Yamada N, Fuerch J, Wall J. Novel Umbilical Catheter Securement and Protection Device for Umbilical Line Securement during Laparotomy. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e2901-e2906. [PMID: 37758205 DOI: 10.1055/a-2182-4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Umbilical catheter malposition rate is high. We compared a Novel Umbilical Securement Device (NUSD) to standard methodologies for neonatal invasive care unit patients undergoing laparotomy. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study was performed on infants undergoing laparotomy from April 2019 to January 2023. Two neonatologists compared position of umbilical arterial catheter/umbilical venous catheter (UVC) on perioperative chest X-ray (CXRs) in patients with or without NUSD. RESULTS Eighteen patients underwent laparotomy, of which 8 patients had NUSD (9 lines) and 10 patients did not (14 lines). In NUSD group, mean gestational age was 37 ± 4 weeks and mean birth weight was 2.3 ± 0.9 kg compared with 31 ± 8 weeks and 2.1 ± 1.4 kg in non-NUSD group, respectively. The mean age at surgery was 5 ± 7 and 5 ± 3 days, respectively. No malposition was seen in NUSD group, while 57% of UVCs (28% of lines) were malpositioned postoperatively in non-NUSD group (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION NUSD is an umbilical catheter securement device with low malposition rate, specifically during perioperative period with heightened risk for dislodgement. KEY POINTS · Umbilical catheters provide reliable access for neonates but have a high rate of malpositioning.. · NUSD is an umbilical catheter securement device with low malposition rate.. · NUSD can be kept in place during laparotomy and can decrease the risk of malpositioning..
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Salimi-Jazi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, California
| | - Lauren Wood
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, California
| | - Talha Rafeeqi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, California
| | - Nicole Yamada
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, California
| | - Janene Fuerch
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, California
| | - James Wall
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, California
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Barone G, Pittiruti M, Prontera G, Ancora G, D'Andrea V. A novel neonatal protocol for Safe Insertion of Umbilical Venous Catheters (SIUVeC): Minimizing complications in placement and management. J Vasc Access 2024:11297298241236220. [PMID: 38436297 DOI: 10.1177/11297298241236220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Insertion of umbilical venous catheters is a common procedure in neonatal intensive care. Though sometimes lifesaving, this maneuver is potentially associated with early and late complications, some of which may be severe and even life threatening (catheter malposition, hepatic lesions, venous thrombosis, pericardial effusion, etc.). The recent literature suggests several operative strategies that, if adopted systematically, may significantly reduce the incidence of both early and late catheter related complications. This paper describes a standardized protocol (Safe Insertion Umbilical Venous Catheter = SIUVeC) which incorporates such novel strategies, with the goal of minimizing the complications related to this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, AUSL della Romagna, Rimini, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Mauro Pittiruti
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Giorgia Prontera
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Gina Ancora
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, AUSL della Romagna, Rimini, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Vito D'Andrea
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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Galdo F, Trappan A, Cossovel F, Rodriguez-Perez C, Ronfani L, Montaldo P, Bibalo C, Travan L, Risso FM. Ultrasonographic measurements of the inferior vena cava diameter in newborns: is it a useful tool for choosing an umbilical venous catheter? Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1268622. [PMID: 38046676 PMCID: PMC10690934 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1268622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The primary outcomes of this study were to evaluate the diameters of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in a cohort of newborns and the correlation between newborn weight and IVC diameter. The secondary outcome was to evaluate the concordance between the measurements performed by the two investigators. Methods Two blind examiners performed an ultrasonographic (US) evaluation of the IVC diameter in neonates with a weight ranging from 2 to 4 kg. The exclusion criteria included hemodynamic instability, known vascular malformations, and major congenital malformations. Results A total of 143 neonates were enrolled between June 2019 and January 2021. All the US examinations were performed in the first 3 days of life. After dividing the patients into two groups according to their weight at the time of examination (2.0-2.99 kg and 3.0-4.0 kg), the median IVC diameters measured by examiner 1 were 3.1 mm (interquartile range 2.8-3.4) and 3.4 mm (interquartile range 2.9-3.8) (p = 0.003) for the two groups, respectively. The median IVC diameters measured by examiner 2 were 3.1 mm (interquartile range 2.6-3.3) and 3.3 mm (interquartile range 2.8-3.8) (p = 0.004) for the two groups, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.90-0.95). Conclusion The IVC diameter values varied widely from 1.2 to 5.2 mm in newborns weighing 2-4 kg, and a low correlation between newborn weight and IVC diameter was found, so measuring IVC diameter may be a recommended step prior to inserting a umbilical venous catheter (UVC). The concordance between operators was good. We contemplated that the IVC diameter could be a potentially useful tool to identify the most appropriate UVC, thus reducing the risk of catheter-related thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Galdo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Child and Maternal Health, IRCSS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Trappan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Child and Maternal Health, IRCSS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Rodriguez-Perez
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Ospedale Dei Bambini, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo,”Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Montaldo
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Bibalo
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontino, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Travan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Child and Maternal Health, IRCSS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Risso
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Ospedale Dei Bambini, Brescia, Italy
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Cao J, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Liu Y. Accuracy of chest radiography compared to ultrasound for positioning the umbilical venous catheter in neonates: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Vasc Access 2023; 24:1051-1060. [PMID: 34784827 DOI: 10.1177/11297298211046755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the accuracy of anteroposterior chest radiography for tip position verification for the umbilical venous catheters in neonates compared to ultrasound. A search in the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and EBSCO was conducted to evaluate all the related articles on umbilical venous catheter (UVC), ultrasound AND neonates updated to August, 2020. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two investigators. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). The summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve was constructed, and the area under the SROC curve (AUC) was calculated. Fourteen related studies were finally included for meta-analysis. The overall diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of X-ray on tip verification of UVC were 0.90 (95% CI 0.71-0.97) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.53-0.95), respectively. The pooled DOR was 3.69 (95% CI 1.64-5.71). The AUC was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.95). The meta-regression analysis suggested that study sample size, study design, different US confirming method, and different gold standard in original design might be potential sources of heterogeneity. Our conclusion is that the commonly used anteroposterior X-ray is not reliable in identifying the exact anatomical location of UVC tip in neonates. Studies suggested ultrasound or echocardiography with saline contrast injection could be the gold standard for verification of catheter location and should be considered whenever possible, especially in premature patients. More studies are needed to expand the use of ultrasound or echocardiography in tip position confirming of UVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanling Yin
- School of Nurinsg, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- School of Nurinsg, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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D'Andrea V, Prontera G, Pinna G, Cota F, Fattore S, Costa S, Migliorato M, Barone G, Pittiruti M, Vento G. Securement of Umbilical Venous Catheter Using Cyanoacrylate Glue: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr 2023; 260:113517. [PMID: 37244573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of cyanoacrylate glue in reducing dislodgement of umbilical venous catheters (UVCs). STUDY DESIGN This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, nonblinded trial. All infants requiring an UVC according to our local policy were included in the study. Infants with a UVC with a centrally located tip as verified by real-time ultrasound examination were eligible for the study. Primary outcome was the safety and efficacy of securement by cyanoacrylate glue plus cord-anchored suture (SG group) vs securement by suture alone (S group), as measured by reduction in dislodgment of the external tract of the catheter. Secondary outcomes were tip migration, catheter-related bloodstream infection, and catheter-related thrombosis. RESULTS In the first 48 hours after UVC insertion, dislodgement was significantly higher in the S group than in the SG group (23.1% vs 1.5%; P < .001). The overall dislodgement rate was 24.6% in the S group vs 7.7% in the SG group (P = .016). No differences were found in catheter-related bloodstream infection and catheter-related thrombosis. The incidence of tip migration was similar in both groups (S group 12.2% vs SG group 11.7%). CONCLUSIONS In our single-center study, cyanoacrylate glue was safe and effective for securement of UVCs, and particularly effective in decreasing early catheter dislodgments. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN-CTR Clinical Trial; Registration number: R000045844.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito D'Andrea
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Prontera
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pinna
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternal-Fetal Department, "S. Camillo-Forlanini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cota
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Fattore
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Costa
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Migliorato
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Mauro Pittiruti
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Xie HQ, Xie CX, Liao JF, Xu FD, Du B, Zhong BM, He XG, Li N. Point-of-care ultrasound for monitoring catheter tip location during umbilical vein catheterization in neonates: a prospective study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1225087. [PMID: 37691771 PMCID: PMC10483067 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1225087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can guide umbilical vein catheter placement in real time and monitor catheter tip position, allowing avoidance of severe complications due to catheter malposition. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of POCUS in guiding venous catheter insertion and monitoring complications. Methods Sixty-eight neonates with ultrasound-guided venous catheter insertion at the Neonatal Department of Dongguan Children's Hospital between December 2020 and February 2022 were included. POCUS was applied to monitor catheter tip location daily until catheter removal. A displacement range exceeding the intersection of the inferior vena cava and right atrium by ±0.5 cm was considered misalignment. Results Sixty-four neonates had a displaced catheter tip (94.1%, 64/68), with a median displacement distance of 0.4 cm (minimum -0.2 cm, maximum 1.2 cm). Ten neonates had a misalignment (14.7%, 10/68) caused by displacement. Displacement usually occurs within 2-4 days after placement, with displacement rates of 94.1% (64/68), 90.6% (58/64), and 98.3% (59/60) on days 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and could still occur on day 9 post-placement. In addition, misalignment mainly occurs on the second day after placement. During the monitoring process, 58 neonates had catheter tip displacement ≥2 times, resulting in 252 displacement and 22 misalignment incidents. Among them, the catheter tip migrated outward from the inferior vena cava seven times, all of which were removed in time. Ultrasound was used for positioning 486 times, and x-ray was indirectly avoided 486 times. Conclusion The catheter tip is prone to displacement and misalignment after umbilical vein catheterization, which most commonly occurs on days 2-4. POCUS is recommended for daily monitoring of the tip location during umbilical vein catheterization until catheter removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Qiang Xie
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Li
- Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Caffarelli C, Santamaria F, Piro E, Basilicata S, Delle Cave V, Cipullo M, Bernasconi S, Corsello G. New insights in pediatrics in 2021: choices in allergy and immunology, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, haematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, palliative care, respiratory tract illnesses and telemedicine. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:189. [PMID: 36435791 PMCID: PMC9701393 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we report the developments across pediatric subspecialties that have been published in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2021. We highlight advances in allergy and immunology, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, hematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, palliative care, respiratory tract illnesses and telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caffarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Piro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Basilicata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Delle Cave
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Cipullo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Kaur A, Manerkar S, Patra S, Kalamdani P, Kalathingal T, Mondkar J. Ultrasound-Guided Umbilical Venous Catheter Insertion to Reduce Rate of Catheter Tip Malposition in Neonates: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:1093-1098. [PMID: 35881217 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether ultrasound-guided umbilical venous catheter (UVC) insertion (US group) reduced the rate of malpositioning of the catheter tip compared to the standard method of insertion (SD group). METHODS In this open-label, randomized, controlled trial, neonates admitted to NICU within the first week of life were randomly assigned to the US group (n = 26) or SD group (n = 27). Neonates with major congenital anomalies of the thorax and abdomen were excluded. The primary outcome was the rate of malpositioning of the catheter tip. RESULTS The rate of malpositioning of the catheter tip was observed in a significantly lower number of neonates in the US group as compared to the SD group (11/26, 42.3% vs. 20/27, 74%; RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.94, p = 0.019). As more of the UVCs were positioned optimally in the first attempt in the US group than SD group, the need for repeated attempts at catheter repositioning was reduced, resulting in reduced procedure time (minutes) [mean (SD), 23.96 (6.42) vs. 30 (1.83); mean difference 6.04 (95% CI: 3.46 to 8.62), p = 0.005]. This also led to a reduction in the additional X-ray exposure in the US group (n = 11) compared to the SD group (n = 20) [95% CI: 3.12 to 44.26; p = 0.020]. CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided UVC insertion significantly reduced the rate of catheter tip malposition. It also reduced the number of attempts at catheter manipulation, procedure time, and X-ray exposures. With adequate training, it could be incorporated into routine bedside practice during UVC insertion for optimum placement. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registry of India ( www.ctri.nic.in ) CTRI/2021/03/031894.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400022, India
| | - Swati Manerkar
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400022, India.
| | - Saikat Patra
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400022, India
| | - Pavan Kalamdani
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400022, India
| | - Thaslima Kalathingal
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400022, India
| | - Jayashree Mondkar
- Department of Neonatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400022, India
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16
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Rossi S, Jogeesvaran KH, Matu E, Khan H, Grande E, Meau-Petit V. Point-of-care ultrasound for neonatal central catheter positioning: impact on X-rays and line tip position accuracy. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2097-2108. [PMID: 35152306 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Objective of the study was to compare number of X-rays performed for neonatal central line tip positioning when real-time US is used compared to X-ray only, and to assess consequences on position accuracy, irradiation and cost. Retrospective monocentric cohort study conducted at Evelina London Children's Hospital Neonatal Unit over 6 months. Study was conducted during implementation of US for line tip localisation with formulation of US protocol. Tip position on X-ray was reviewed by one neonatologist and one radiologist and inter-rater agreement calculated. Criteria for good, satisfactory or inadequate position of the tip were defined. Estimated effective radiation dose and cost for each X-ray was determined. Two hundred seventy-four lines were inserted (nPICC, UVC, UAC). Eighty-three lines were scanned with US (US group); 191 lines were not (no-US group). Number of X-rays performed was significantly lower in the US group: 1.19 vs. 1.5 (p 0.001), related to a significantly lower percentage of lines requiring multiple X-rays (38.7% no-US group vs. 19.9% US group; p 0.004). Accuracy was higher in US group with more lines at cavoatrial junction (p 0.05) and was significantly increased with US use for lines inserted from lower limbs (22.9% and 76.2%, p 0.001). Inter-rater agreement was strong (k > 0.8). US group received lower mean radiation dose (p < 0.001) and cost related to X-ray was significantly reduced (p 0.001). CONCLUSION Real-time US use for line tip positioning in the NICU significantly decreased the number of X-rays performed and was associated with better-positioned lines, decreased irradiation and cost. WHAT IS KNOWN • The use of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) by critical care providers in neonatology has increased in recent years. International guidelines advocate for the use of PoCUS as valid guidance to practical procedures in neonatology. • Central catheters (umbilical catheters and neonatal peripherally inserted central catheters) are among the most commonly used devices to support NICU patients. Proper positioning is crucial to avoid complications and PoCUS has high sensitivity and specificity in accurately determining line tip position. The current standard practice for line tip position confirmation in neonatology is still conventional radiography despite multiple evidence suggest significant inaccuracy of X-ray compared to ultrasound. WHAT IS NEW • PoCUS implementation for line tip positioning leads to a significant decrease in the number of X-rays performed, in radiation effective dose and costs. PoCUS evaluation of central catheters significantly increases the accuracy of the final line tip position with more lines at the cavoatrial junction. • Training is fundamental for univocal interpretation of ultrasound images and an effective learning strategy is being proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Rossi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St ThomasNorth Wing 6th floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 0EH, UK.
| | - K Haran Jogeesvaran
- Paediatric Radiology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St ThomasWestminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 0EH, UK
| | - Eugen Matu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St ThomasNorth Wing 6th floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 0EH, UK
| | - Hammad Khan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St ThomasNorth Wing 6th floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 0EH, UK
| | - Elisabetta Grande
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Ospedale della Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Virginie Meau-Petit
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St ThomasNorth Wing 6th floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 0EH, UK
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17
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Burton L, Bhargava V, Kong M. Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Front Pediatr 2022; 9:830160. [PMID: 35178366 PMCID: PMC8845897 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.830160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonography has been widely used in medicine for decades but often by specific users such as cardiologists, obstetricians, and radiologists. In the last several years, the use of this imaging modality has moved to the bedside, with clinicians performing and interpreting focused point of care ultrasonography to aid in immediate assessment and management of their patients. The growth of point of care ultrasonography has been facilitated by advancement in ultrasound-related technology and emerging studies and protocols demonstrating its utility in clinical practice. However, considerable challenges remain before this modality can be adopted across the spectrum of disciplines, primarily as it relates to training, competency, and standardization of usage. This review outlines the history, current state, challenges and the future direction of point of care ultrasonography specifically in the field of pediatric critical care medicine.
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Cardiovascular Intervention in Neonates Using an Umbilical Vein Approach. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8111017. [PMID: 34828730 PMCID: PMC8620081 DOI: 10.3390/children8111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular catheterization has been applied in infant treatment for several decades. To date, considerable research attention has been paid to cardiovascular catheterization in small neonates. However, peripheral vascular routes of catheterization are possible obstacles for interventionists. Umbilical vein catheterization has been reported as a route for neonates, although few attempts have been made to investigate this approach. This study aimed to retrospectively review cardiovascular intervention using the umbilical vein approach as applied to infants admitted to a tertiary center from 2017 to 2020. Details including the perinatal variables, indication diagnoses, and procedure devices were collected. The enrollment included a total of 16 cases representing 17 intervention events, with infants born at a gestation age of 22–39 weeks and body weight ranging from 478 to 3685 g at the time of the procedure. The postnatal age ranged from 1 to 27 days. The catheter sizes ranged from 4 to 11 Fr. Indications included being admitted for patent ductus arteriosus occlusion (n = 15), balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (n = 3), balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) (n = 3), pulmonary valve (PV) perforation (n = 1), and two interventions for catheter placement for continuous venovenous hemofiltration. The success rate for cardiovascular catheterization was 88.2% (15/17). There were two patients for which cannulation failed due to ductus venosus closure: one intraabdominal hemorrhage complication during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), and one cardiac catheterization failure of PV perforation due to failure to insert the guiding catheter into the right ventricular outflow tract. Based on these findings, we conclude that cardiac catheterization and the placement of a large-sized catheter through an umbilical vein in a small infant represents a safe and time-saving method when catheterization is required.
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D'Andrea V, Prontera G, Rubortone SA, Pezza L, Pinna G, Barone G, Pittiruti M, Vento G. Umbilical Venous Catheter Update: A Narrative Review Including Ultrasound and Training. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:774705. [PMID: 35174113 PMCID: PMC8841780 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.774705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The umbilical venous catheter (UVC) is one of the most commonly used central lines in neonates. It can be easily inserted soon after birth providing stable intravenous access in infants requiring advanced resuscitation in the delivery room or needing medications, fluids, and parenteral nutrition during the 1st days of life. Resident training is crucial for UVC placement. The use of simulators allows trainees to gain practical experience and confidence in performing the procedure without risks for patients. UVCs are easy to insert, however when the procedure is performed without the use of ultrasound, there is a quite high risk, up to 40%, of non-central position. Ultrasound-guided UVC tip location is a simple and learnable technique and therefore should be widespread among all physicians. The feasibility of targeted training on the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for UVC placement in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) among neonatal medical staff has been demonstrated. Conversely, UVC-related complications are very common and can sometimes be life-threatening. Despite UVCs being used by neonatologists for over 60 years, there are still no standard guidelines for assessment or monitoring of tip location, securement, management, or dwell time. This review article is an overview of the current knowledge and evidence available in the literature about UVCs. Our aim is to provide precise and updated recommendations on the use of this central line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito D'Andrea
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Prontera
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Antonia Rubortone
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Pezza
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pinna
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - Mauro Pittiruti
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, University Hospital Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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