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Han Y, Rovella V, Smirnov A, Buonomo OC, Mauriello A, Perretta T, Shi Y, Woodmsith J, Bischof J, Melino G, Candi E, Bernassola F. A BRCA2 germline mutation and high expression of immune checkpoints in a TNBC patient. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:370. [PMID: 37813891 PMCID: PMC10562433 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of mammary carcinoma. Here, we describe a case of an 81-year-old female diagnosed with ductal triple negative breast cancer with a germline pathogenic variant in BReast CAncer gene2 (BRCA2). Genetic testing also revealed the presence of four somatic mutations in the ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EphA3), TP53, BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1), and MYB genes. The BRCA2, TP53, and BAP1 gene mutations are highly predictive of a defective homologous recombination repair system and subsequent chromosomal instability in this patient. Coherently, the patient displayed a strong homologous recombination deficiency signature and high tumor mutational burden status, which are generally associated with increased probability of immune neoantigens formation and presentation, and with tumor immunogenicity. Analysis of immune checkpoint revealed high expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), programmed death 1 (PD1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA 4), suggesting that the patient might likely benefit from immunotherapies. Altogether, these findings support an unveiled link between BRCA2 inactivation, HR deficiency and increased expression of immune checkpoints in TNBC. This clinical case highlights the importance of screening TNBC patients for genetic mutations and TMB biomarkers in order to predict the potential efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Han
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 214000, Wuxi, China
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Claudio Buonomo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Perretta
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | | | - Julia Bischof
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Yang X, Smirnov A, Buonomo OC, Mauriello A, Shi Y, Bischof J, Woodsmith J, Melino G, Candi E, Bernassola F. A primary luminal/HER2 negative breast cancer patient with mismatch repair deficiency. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:365. [PMID: 37783677 PMCID: PMC10545677 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the case of a 47-year-old woman diagnosed with luminal B breast cancer subtype and provide an in-depth analysis of her gene mutations, chromosomal alterations, mRNA and protein expression changes. We found a point mutation in the FGFR2 gene, which is potentially hyper-activating the receptor function, along with over-expression of its ligand FGF20 due to genomic amplification. The patient also harbors somatic and germline mutations in some mismatch repair (MMR) genes, with a strong MMR mutational signature. The patient displays high microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) status and increased levels of CTLA-4 and PD-1 expression. Altogether, these data strongly implicate that aberrant FGFR signaling, and defective MMR system might be involved in the development of this breast tumor. In addition, high MSI and TMB in the context of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 positivity, suggest the potential benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Accurate characterization of molecular subtypes, based on gene mutational and expression profiling analyses, will be certainly helpful for individualized treatment and targeted therapy of breast cancer patients, especially for those subtypes with adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Claudio Buonomo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Julia Bischof
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, Germany Biochemistry Laboratory, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Woodsmith
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, Germany Biochemistry Laboratory, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Gunasekaran K, Vasamsetti BMK, Thangavelu P, Natesan K, Mujyambere B, Sundaram V, Jayaraj R, Kim YJ, Samiappan S, Choi JW. Cytotoxic Effects of Nanoliposomal Cisplatin and Diallyl Disulfide on Breast Cancer and Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041021. [PMID: 37189638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual drug delivery has become the choice of interest nowadays due to its increased therapeutic efficacy in targeting the tumor site precisely. As quoted in recent literature, it has been known to treat several cancers with an acute course of action. Even so, its use is restricted due to the drug’s low pharmacological activity, which leads to poor bioavailability and increases first-pass metabolism. To overcome these issues, a drug delivery system using nanomaterials which would not only encapsulate the drugs of interest but also carry them to the target site of action is needed. Given all these attributes, we have formulated dual drug-loaded nanoliposomes with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP)), an effective anti-cancer drug, and diallyl disulfide (DADS), an organosulfur compound derived from garlic. The CDDP and DADS-loaded nanoliposomes (Lipo-CDDP/DADS) exhibited better physical characteristics such as size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, spherical shape, optimal stability, and satisfactory encapsulation percentage. The in vitro anti-cancer activity against MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell lines revealed that Lipo-CDDP/DADS showed significant efficacy against the cancer cell lines, depicted through cell nucleus staining. We conclude that Lipo-CDDP/DADS hold exceptional pharmacological properties with better anti-cancer activity and would serve as a promising formulation to treat various cancers.
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Kitzler TM, Chun J. Understanding the Current Landscape of Kidney Disease in Canada to Advance Precision Medicine Guided Personalized Care. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023; 10:20543581231154185. [PMID: 36798634 PMCID: PMC9926383 DOI: 10.1177/20543581231154185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review To understand the impact of kidney disease in Canada and the priority areas of kidney research that can benefit from patient-oriented, precision medicine research using novel technologies. Sources of Information Information was collected through discussions between health care professionals, researchers, and patient partners. Literature was compiled using search engines (PubMed, PubMed central, Medline, and Google) and data from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register. Methods We reviewed the impact, prevalence, economic burden, causes of kidney disease, and priority research areas in Canada. After reviewing the priority areas for kidney research, potential avenues for future research that can integrate precision medicine initiatives for patient-oriented research were outlined. Key Findings Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains among the top causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and exerts a large financial strain on the health care system. Despite the increasing number of people with CKD, funding for basic kidney research continues to trail behind other diseases. Current funding strategies favor existing clinical treatment and patient educational strategies. The identification of genetic factors for various forms of kidney disease in the adult and pediatric populations provides mechanistic insight into disease pathogenesis. Allocation of resources and funding toward existing high-yield personalized research initiatives have the potential to significantly affect patient-oriented research outcomes but will be difficult due to a constant decline of funding for kidney research. Limitations This is an overview primarily focused on Canadian-specific literature rather than a comprehensive systematic review of the literature. The scope of our findings and conclusions may not be applicable to health care systems in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Kitzler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Chun
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, AB, Canada,Justin Chun, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Centre, 4A12, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Pandiyan S, Wang L. A comprehensive review on recent approaches for cancer drug discovery associated with artificial intelligence. Comput Biol Med 2022; 150:106140. [PMID: 36179510 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Through the revolutionization of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in clinical research, significant improvement is observed in diagnosis of cancer. Utilization of these AI technologies, such as machine and deep learning, is imperative for the discovery of novel anticancer drugs and improves existing/ongoing cancer therapeutics. However, building a model for complicated cancers and their types remains a challenge due to lack of effective therapeutics that hinder the establishment of effective computational tools. In this review, we exploit recent approaches and state-of-the-art in implementing AI methods for anticancer drug discovery, and discussed how advances in these applications need to be considered in the current cancer therapeutics. Considering the immense potential of AI, we explore molecular docking and their interactions to recognize metabolic activities that support drug design. Finally, we highlight corresponding strategies in applying machine and deep learning methods to various types of cancer with their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevi Pandiyan
- Research Center for Intelligent Information Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China; School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Nantong Research Institute for Advanced Communication Technologies, Nantong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Intelligent Information Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China; School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Nantong Research Institute for Advanced Communication Technologies, Nantong, China.
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Ganini C, Montanaro M, Scimeca M, Palmieri G, Anemona L, Concetti L, Melino G, Bove P, Amelio I, Candi E, Mauriello A. No Time to Die: How Kidney Cancer Evades Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116198. [PMID: 35682876 PMCID: PMC9181490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma led to the development of targeted therapies, which dramatically changed the overall survival rate. Nonetheless, despite innovative lines of therapy accessible to patients, the prognosis remains severe in most cases. Kidney cancer rarely shows mutations in the genes coding for proteins involved in programmed cell death, including p53. In this paper, we show that the molecular machinery responsible for different forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, which are somehow impaired in kidney cancer to allow cancer cell growth and development, was reactivated by targeted pharmacological intervention. The aim of the present review was to summarize the modality of programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma, showing in vitro and in vivo evidence of their potential role in controlling kidney cancer growth, and highlighting their possible therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ganini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Giampiero Palmieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Livia Concetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (L.A.); (L.C.); (G.M.); (P.B.); (I.A.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0620-903-934
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