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Wang K, Wang Z, Ding Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Geng Y, Li Y, Wen X. Optimization of Heterotrophic Culture Conditions for the Algae Graesiella emersonii WBG-1 to Produce Proteins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2255. [PMID: 37375881 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the protein content and yield of heterotrophic microalgal cultivation and establish a simple, economical, and efficient method for microalgal protein production using the novel green alga, Graesiella emersonii WBG-1, which has not been previously reported for heterotrophic cultivation. Through batch heterotrophic cultivation of this alga, we observed that glucose was the optimal carbon source, while it could not use sucrose as a carbon source. Biomass production and protein content were significantly reduced when sodium acetate was used as the carbon source. Compared with nitrate, protein content increased by 93% when urea was used as the nitrogen source. Cultivation temperature had a significant impact on biomass production and protein content. The optimal conditions were glucose as the carbon source at an initial concentration of 10 g/L, urea as the nitrogen source at an initial concentration of 1.62 g/L, and a culture temperature of 35 °C. On the second day of batch cultivation, the highest protein content (66.14%) was achieved, which was significantly higher than that reported in heterotrophic cultures of Chlorella and much higher than that reported for specially established technologies aimed at increasing the protein content, such as two-stage heterotrophic, heterotrophy-dilution-photoinduction, and mixotrophic processes. These results demonstrate the great potential of the heterotrophic cultivation of G. emersonii WBG-1 for protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Youzhi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yali Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yahong Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yeguang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaobin Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Deep eutectic systems for carbonic anhydrase extraction from microalgae biomass to improve carbon dioxide solubilization. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Jebali A, Sanchez MR, Hanschen ER, Starkenburg SR, Corcoran AA. Trait drift in microalgae and applications for strain improvement. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108034. [PMID: 36089253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are increasingly used to generate a wide range of commercial products, and there is growing evidence that microalgae-based products can be produced sustainably. However, industrial production of microalgal biomass is not as developed as other biomanufacturing platform technologies. In addition, results of bench-scale research often fail to translate to large-scale or mass production systems. This disconnect may result from trait drift and evolution occurring, through time, in response to unique drivers in each environment, such as cultivation regimes, weather, and pests. Moreover, outdoor and indoor cultivation of microalgae has the potential to impose negative selection pressures, which makes the maintenance of desired traits a challenge. In this context, this review sheds the light on our current understanding of trait drift and evolution in microalgae. We delineate the basics of phenotype plasticity and evolution, with a focus on how microalgae respond under various conditions. In addition, we review techniques that exploit phenotypic plasticity and evolution for strain improvement in view of industrial commercial applications, highlighting associated advantages and shortcomings. Finally, we suggest future research directions and recommendations to overcome unwanted trait drift and evolution in microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jebali
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Road, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA.
| | - Monica R Sanchez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Erik R Hanschen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | - Alina A Corcoran
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Road, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
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4
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Loke Show P. Global market and economic analysis of microalgae technology: Status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 357:127329. [PMID: 35589045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been a promising alternative source of high-value compounds to replace the non-sustainable fossil fuels resource. The recent research development of algae-based bioproducts has remarkable impact various industries section for its renewability, efficiency, and environmentally friendly crops over those synthetic-made product. However, by utilizing microalgae biomass toward their full potential is still limited due to lack of research funding, social acceptability and challenges in policy implementation. This present review highlights the various microalgae biotechnology with consideration of economical aspect for the global potential of algae market, comparison between the microalgae market in Malaysia and international countries. In addition, the cultivation technologies and feasibility of microalgae biomass production globally, followed by insightful challenges and future development of microalgae industry are mentioned. The current study will contribute to the understanding of upstream and downstream of microalgae processing along with technical economical understandings for the successful commercialisation of microalgae products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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5
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Javid A, Ali S, Hasan A, Senthilkumar N, Ranjitha J, Hussain A. Coupling wastewater valorization with sustainable biofuel production: Comparison of lab- and pilot-scale biomass yields of Chlorella sorokiniana grown in wastewater under photoautotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134703. [PMID: 35483657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are the important biofuel precursors and their economic cultivation can be boosted under mixotrophic (MT) conditions while employing different industrial wastewaters containing organic carbon. In the current research, the quantitative analysis of microalgal biomass production under MT and photoautotrophic (PT) cultivation conditions both at lab and pilot scales was studied. For the purpose, a pre-identified microalgal species Chlorella sorokiniana was cultivated mixotrophically and photoautotrophically at lab and pilot scales. Artificially prepared wastewater containing 2% (w/v) sugarcane molasses was used for MT cultivation. However, for PT cultivation, atmospheric CO2 was the only carbon source. After 15 days of aerobic incubation, microalgal biomass was harvested and analyzed for biomass productivity. Cultivation conditions and cultivation scale posed significant and non-significant impact, respectively on biomass productivities. However, biomass productivity was comparatively higher for the biomass raised under MT conditions at lab scale. The recorded values of biomass productivity were 88.75 ± 9.51 and 127.68 ± 7.91 mg L-1 d-1 for the biomass raised at lab scale under PT and MT conditions, respectively. Pilot-scale cultivation depicted biomass productivities as 83.49 ± 7.87 and 124.88 ± 3.76 mg L-1 d-1 under PT and MT conditions, respectively. High biomass production under MT conditions may suggest the elevated production of biofuels from microalgae. Future studies on biomass production while utilizing different industrial wastewaters at pilot scale and in open raceway ponds are needed for viable production of microalgae-based fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Javid
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hasan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Natarajan Senthilkumar
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Jambulingam Ranjitha
- CO(2) Research and Green Technologies Center, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ali Hussain
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Fetyan NAH, El-Sayed AEKB, Ibrahim FM, Attia YA, Sadik MW. Bioethanol production from defatted biomass of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae grown under mixotrophic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2588-2597. [PMID: 34374017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of microalgal bioethanol production, a nontoxic, copious agricultural waste, sugarcane bagasse aqueous extract (SBAE) was used for cultivating Nannochloropsis oculata microalga (NNO-1 UTEX Culture LB 2164) as potential sources of substitutes for traditional nutrition to reduce the costs in cultivation through acid digestion and enzymatic treatment before being fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NRRLY-2034). The primary target of this research was to find out the ethanol from hydrolysate of the defatted biomass of N. oculata grown mixotrophically on SBAE and CO2 as carbon sources. For acid hydrolysis (AH), the highest carbohydrate yield 252.84 mg/g DW has been obtained with 5.0% (v/v) H2SO4 at 121 °C for 15 min for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically on sugarcane bagasse aqueous extract (SBAE) regarding 207.41 mg/g DW for defatted biomass cultivated autotrophically (control treatment). Whereas, the highest levels of reducing sugars has been obtained with 4.0% (v/v) H2SO4 157.47±1.60 mg/g DW for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically compared with 135.30 mg/g DW for the defatted control treatment. The combination of acid hydrolysis 2.0% (v/v) H2SO4 followed by enzymatic treatment (AEH) increased the carbohydrate yields to 268.53 mg/g DW for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically on SBAE regarding 177.73 mg/g DW for the defatted control treatment. However, the highest levels of reducing sugars have been obtained with 3.0% (v/v) H2SO4 followed by enzyme treatment that gave 232.39±1.77 for defatted biomass cultivated mixotrophically on SBAE and 150.75 mg/g DW for the defatted control treatment. The sugar composition of the polysaccharides showed that glucose was the principal polysaccharide sugar (60.7-62.49%) of N. oculata defatted biomass. Fermentation of the hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the acid pretreated defatted biomass samples gave ethanol yield of 0.86 g/L (0.062 g/g sugar consumed) for control and 1.17 g/L (0.069 g/g sugar consumed) for SBAE mixotrophic. Whereas, the maximum ethanol yield of 6.17±0.47 g/L (0.26±0.11 g/g sugar consumed) has been obtained with samples from defatted biomass grown mixotrophically (SBAE mixotrophic) pretreated with acid coupled enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa A H Fetyan
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma M Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Attia
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud W Sadik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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7
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Sipaúba-Tavares LH, Tedesque MG, Colla LC, Millan RN, Scardoeli-Truzzi B. Effect of untreated and pretreated sugarcane molasses on growth performance of Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae in inorganic fertilizer and macrophyte extract culture media. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e263282. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The growth of Haematococcus pluvialis in two alternative culture media NPK (10:10:10) and ME (macrophyte extract), under mixotrophic conditions using sugarcane molasses as a carbon source were evaluated for 28 days. The molasses was used in two different ways, in a native form (untreated) and a hydrolyzed (pretreated). Cell density of Haematococcus pluvialis in mixotrophic cultivation was higher in pretreated molasses. Growth rate was higher when pretreated molasses were employed in mixotrophic cultivation with NPK culture medium (k=0.5 7th growth day). Biomass, chlorophyll-a, conductivity and total inorganic nitrogen were not significantly different (p>0.05) during the experimental period for two mixotrophic cultivation and culture media. Protein contents of H. pluvialis biomass were higher in NPK culture medium with pretreated molasses (50% dry biomass). Annual biomass production was 520 kg-1 dry biomass with untreated molasses for two culture media, and 650 and 520 kg-1 dry biomass with pretreated molasses for NPK and ME culture media, respectively. The use of NPK and ME culture media in mixotrophic cultivation may be a new protocol for H. pluvialis cultivation due to the low cost and similar annual production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. G. Tedesque
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
| | - L. C. Colla
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
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8
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Physiological and Dual Transcriptional Analysis of Microalga Graesiella emersonii-Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum Pathosystem Uncovers Conserved Defense Response and Robust Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312847. [PMID: 34884652 PMCID: PMC8657485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of microalgal host–pathogen interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, we applied physiological and simultaneous dual transcriptomic analysis to characterize the microalga Graesiella emersonii–Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum interaction. Three infection stages were determined according to infection rate and physiological features. Dual RNA-seq results showed that the genes expression of G. emersonii and A. protococcarum were strongly dynamically regulated during the infection. For microalgal hosts, similar to plant defense response, the expression of defense genes involved in the pattern recognition receptors, large heat shock proteins, and reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes (glutathione, ferritin, and catalase) were significantly upregulated during infection. However, some genes encoding resistance proteins (R proteins) with a leucine-rich repeat domain exhibited no significant changes during infection. For endoparasite A. protococcarum, genes for carbohydrate-active enzymes, pathogen–host interactions, and putative effectors were significantly upregulated during infection. Furthermore, the genes in cluster II were significantly enriched in pathways associated with the modulation of vacuole transport, including endocytosis, phagosome, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport pathways. These results suggest that G. emersonii has a conserved defense system against pathogen and that endoparasite A. protococcarum possesses a robust pathogenicity to infect the host. Our study characterizes the first transcriptomic profile of microalgae–endoparasite interaction, providing a new promising basis for complete understanding of the algal host defense strategies and parasite pathogenicity.
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9
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Khazi MI, Shi L, Liaqat F, Yang Y, Li X, Yang D, Li J. Sequential Continuous Mixotrophic and Phototrophic Cultivation Might Be a Cost-Effective Strategy for Astaxanthin Production From the Microalga Haematococcus lacustris. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:740533. [PMID: 34676203 PMCID: PMC8523894 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.740533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Haematococcus lacustris has been developed for astaxanthin production for decades, the production cost is still high. In order to modify the production processes, we proposed a novel strategy of cultivation, featured by sequential indoor continuous mixotrophic cultivation for the production of green cells followed by outdoor phototrophic induction for astaxanthin accumulation. The continuous mixotrophic cultivation was first optimized indoor, and then the seed culture of mixotrophic cultivation was inoculated into outdoor open raceway ponds for photoinduction. The results showed that mixotrophically grown cultures could efficiently grow without losing their photosynthetic efficiency and yielded higher biomass concentration (0.655 g L−1) and astaxanthin content (2.2% DW), compared to phototrophically grown seed culture controls. This novel strategy might be a promising alternative to the current approaches to advance the production technology of astaxanthin from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahammed Ilyas Khazi
- Department of Research and Development, Panzhihua Gesala Biotechnology Inc., Panzhihua, China
| | - Liangtao Shi
- Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, China
| | - Fakhra Liaqat
- Department of Research and Development, Panzhihua Gesala Biotechnology Inc., Panzhihua, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Duanpeng Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
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10
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Zhang A, Wen X, Wang K, Huo Y, Geng Y, Ding Y, Li Y. Using surfactants for controlling rotifer contamination in mass cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Sipaúba-Tavares LH, Scardoeli-Truzzi B, Fenerick DC, Tedesque MG. Comparison of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae Messastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) in alternative culture media. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:914-920. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.226548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Growth and biological conditions of Messastrum gracile were evaluated to compare the effect of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation on the increase of biomass production and chemical conditions cultured in macrophyte and commercial culture media. The growth rate (k) of M. gracile was different in the culture media, higher in mixotrophic cultivation for Lemna minor culture medium, whilst to Eichhornia crassipes and NPK culture media were higher in photoautotrophic cultivation. Mean lipid contents in photoautotrophic cultivation were 8.2% biomass dry weight, whereas they reached 19% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Protein contents were below 48% biomass dry weight in photoautotrophic cultivation and 30% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Messastrum gracile cultured in macrophyte culture media (E. crassipes and L. minor) and NPK culture medium provided satisfactory results with regard to lipid and protein contents in mixotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivations, respectively. Lipid and protein contents in alternative media were higher or similar to the CHU12 commercial culture medium.
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12
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Zhai X, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Pang H, Kong F, Wang J, Chi Z. Seawater supplemented with bicarbonate for efficient marine microalgae production in floating photobioreactor on ocean: A case study of Chlorella sp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139439. [PMID: 32531581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation of microalgae on ocean provides a promising way to produce massive biomass without utilizing limited land space, and using seawater as culture medium can avoid consumption of valuable fresh water. Bicarbonate is proved as a better approach for carbon supply in microalgae cultivation, but Ca2+ and Mg2+ in seawater is subjected to precipitate with carbonate derived from it. In this study, cultivation with this medium for a marine Chlorella sp. resulted in productivity of 0.470 g L-1 day-1, despite of continual precipitation caused by increased pH due to bicarbonate consumption. Actually, this precipitation is favorable, since it can work as a flocculation harvesting method for microalgae. The highest flocculation efficiency of 98.9 ± 0.0% was observed in cultures with 7.0 g L-1 NaHCO3, which was higher than that of cultures without bicarbonate (44.1 ± 0.2%). Additionally, the spent medium after flocculation supported better growth (1.60 ± 0.0 g L-1) than the fresh medium (1.26 ± 0.0 g L-1). Outdoor cultivation with floating photobioreactor on ocean resulted in the productivity of 0.190 g L-1 day-1, which was higher than that in land-based culture systems. The floating system also benefited from better temperature control with range from 20.6 to 37.2 °C, due to solar heating and surrounding water cooling. These results showed feasibility of efficient microalgae biomass production with fully utilizing of ocean resources, including culture medium preparation and temperature control with seawater, as well as wave energy for mixing, holding great potential to produce massive biomass to support sustainable development of human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhai
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chenba Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongcheng Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fantao Kong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhanyou Chi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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13
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Xie Y, Li J, Ho SH, Ma R, Shi X, Liu L, Chen J. Pilot-scale cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana FZU60 with a mixotrophy/photoautotrophy two-stage strategy for efficient lutein production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123767. [PMID: 32650265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella sorokiniana FZU60, a lutein-enriching microalga, was cultivated in 50 L column photobioreactor to evaluate its potential for lutein production. Initial cell concentration, phosphate concentration and aeration rate were optimized, and results showed that optimal conditions of these three parameters were 0.10 g/L, 0.06 g/L and 0.02 vvm (2.5% CO2), respectively. In addition, a novel two-stage strategy was successfully developed, in which algae were firstly cultivated under fed-batch mixotrophic condition to achieve high biomass concentration, and then shifted to photoautotrophic condition for enhancing lutein accumulation. Moreover, dissolved oxygen was found to be an efficient indicator of acetate depletion in fed-batch stage. The obtained lutein content, production and productivity reached 9.51 mg/g, 33.55 mg/L and 4.67 mg/L/d, respectively, which were greater than those reported in other pilot-scale studies. This proposed strategy provided a cost-effective approach for high-efficient microalgae-based lutein production at pilot-scale, indicating great potential for commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Xie
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jun Li
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ruijuan Ma
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xinguo Shi
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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