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Gain G, Berne N, Feller T, Godaux D, Cenci U, Cardol P. Induction of photosynthesis under anoxic condition in Thalassiosira pseudonana and Euglena gracilis: interactions between fermentation and photosynthesis. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1186926. [PMID: 37560033 PMCID: PMC10407231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In their natural environment, microalgae can be transiently exposed to hypoxic or anoxic environments. Whereas fermentative pathways and their interactions with photosynthesis are relatively well characterized in the green alga model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, little information is available in other groups of photosynthetic micro-eukaryotes. In C. reinhardtii cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem (PS) I, and light-dependent oxygen-sensitive hydrogenase activity both contribute to restoring photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) in anoxic conditions. METHODS Here we analyzed photosynthetic electron transfer after incubation in dark anoxic conditions (up to 24 h) in two secondary microalgae: the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the excavate Euglena gracilis. RESULTS Both species showed sustained abilities to prevent over-reduction of photosynthetic electron carriers and to restore LEF. A high and transient CEF around PSI was also observed specifically in anoxic conditions at light onset in both species. In contrast, at variance with C. reinhardtii, no sustained hydrogenase activity was detected in anoxic conditions in both species. DISCUSSION Altogether our results suggest that another fermentative pathway might contribute, along with CEF around PSI, to restore photosynthetic activity in anoxic conditions in E. gracilis and T. pseudonana. We discuss the possible implication of the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in T. pseudonana and the wax ester fermentation in E. gracilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Gain
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Berne
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tom Feller
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Godaux
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ugo Cenci
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 – UGSF, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
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Sasaki R, Toda S, Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Shigeto S. Simultaneous Imaging and Characterization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Carotenoids, and Microcrystalline Guanine in Single Aurantiochytrium limacinum Cells with Linear and Nonlinear Raman Microspectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2708-2718. [PMID: 36920390 PMCID: PMC10068736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic marine protists known for their high production capacity of various compounds with health benefits, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids. Although much effort has been focused on developing optimal cultivation methods for efficient microbial production, these high-value compounds and their interrelationships are not well understood at the single-cell level. Here we used spontaneous (linear) Raman and multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy to visualize and characterize lipids (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid) and carotenoids (e.g., astaxanthin) accumulated in single living Aurantiochytrium limacinum cells. Spontaneous Raman imaging with the help of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares enabled us to make unambiguous assignments of the molecular components we detected and derive their intracellular distributions separately. Near-IR excited CARS imaging yielded the Raman images at least an order of magnitude faster than spontaneous Raman imaging, with suppressed contributions of carotenoids. As the culture time increased from 2 to 5 days, the lipid amount increased by a factor of ∼7, whereas the carotenoid amount did not change significantly. Furthermore, we observed a highly localized component in A. limacinum cells. This component was found to be mixed crystals of guanine and other purine derivatives. The present study demonstrates the potential of the linear-nonlinear Raman hybrid approach that allows for accurate molecular identification and fast imaging in a label-free manner to link information derived from single cells with strategies for mass culture of useful thraustochytrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Shogo Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shigeto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
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Kim S, Im H, Yu J, Kim K, Kim M, Lee T. Biofuel production from Euglena: Current status and techno-economic perspectives. Bioresour Technol 2023; 371:128582. [PMID: 36610485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) can contribute reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional fuel. With the increasing SAFs demand, various generations of resources have been shifted from the 1st generation (oil crops), the 2nd generation (agricultural waste), to the 3rd generation (microalgae). Microalgae are the most suitable feedstock for jet biofuel production than other resources because of their productivity and capability to capture carbon dioxide. However, microalgae-based biofuel has a limitation of high freezing point. Recently, a jet biofuel derived from Euglena wax ester has been paying attention due to its low freezing point. Challenges still remain to enhance production yields in both upstream and downstream processes. Studies on downstream processes as well as techno-economic analysis on biofuel production using Euglena are highly limited to date. Economic aspects for the biofuel production will be ensured via valorization of industrial byproducts such as food wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunah Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjoon Im
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunho Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Mojidra R, Hole A, Iwasaki K, Noothalapati H, Yamamoto T, C MK, Govekar R. DNA Fingerprint Analysis of Raman Spectra Captures Global Genomic Alterations in Imatinib-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Potential Single Assay for Screening Imatinib Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102506. [PMID: 34685486 PMCID: PMC8533852 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the development of resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in the initial chronic phase (CP) is crucial for limiting the progression of unresponsive patients to terminal phase of blast crisis (BC). This study for the first time demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy to sense the resistant phenotype. Currently recommended resistance screening strategy include detection of BCR-ABL1 transcripts, kinase domain mutations, complex chromosomal abnormalities and BCR-ABL1 gene amplification. The techniques used for these tests are expensive, technologically demanding and have limited availability in resource-poor countries. In India, this could be a reason for more patients reporting to clinics with advanced disease. A single method which can identify resistant cells irrespective of the underlying mechanism would be a practical screening strategy. During our analysis of imatinib-sensitive and -resistant K562 cells, by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), copy number variations specific to resistant cells were detected. aCGH is technologically demanding, expensive and therefore not suitable to serve as a single economic test. We therefore explored whether DNA finger-print analysis of Raman hyperspectral data could capture these alterations in the genome, and demonstrated that it could indeed segregate imatinib-sensitive and -resistant cells. Raman spectroscopy, due to availability of portable instruments, ease of spectrum acquisition and possibility of centralized analysis of transmitted data, qualifies as a preliminary screening tool in resource-poor countries for imatinib resistance in CML. This study provides a proof of principle for a single assay for monitoring resistance to imatinib, available for scrutiny in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mojidra
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; (R.M.); (A.H.)
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Arti Hole
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Keita Iwasaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan;
| | - Hemanth Noothalapati
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan;
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Yamamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan;
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (M.K.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Murali Krishna C
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; (R.M.); (A.H.)
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Mumbai 400094, India
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (M.K.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Rukmini Govekar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; (R.M.); (A.H.)
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Mumbai 400094, India
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (M.K.C.); (R.G.)
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Noothalapati H, Iwasaki K, Yamamoto T. Non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer by Raman spectroscopy: Recent developments in liquid biopsy and endoscopy approaches. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 258:119818. [PMID: 33957445 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed globally and is also one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in both men and women. The progression of CRC is slow and is often contained in colon but the risk increases with age. Based on the high certainty that the net benefit of screening in an age group is substantial, screening for CRC is recommended beginning at the age of 50. Currently, most of the incidence is concentrated in developed countries but the rate is increasing rapidly in developing geographies. Detecting CRC at an early stage is critical to reduce morbidity and mortality. Colonoscopy is the most preferred screening method but not very widely implemented due to practical considerations such as cost involved, lack of personnel and facility. To address these concerns, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been suggested as a viable alternative due to its potential as a rapid non-invasive diagnostic tool. Recently, several studies have been reported but many variations of RS applications in CRC exists and are not well understood by non-specialists. This review focuses particularly on developments of Raman based liquid biopsy and endoscopic studies in order to throw light on each of their significance and limitations. Necessary developments in the future to translate RS into a clinical tool for screening and diagnosis of CRC are also briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Noothalapati
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Research Administration Office, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
| | - Keita Iwasaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Yamamoto
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
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Abstract
The conventional microbial cell analyses are mostly population-averaged methods that conceal the characteristics of single-cell in the community. Single-cell analysis can provide information on the functional and structural variation of each cell, resulting in the elimination of long and tedious microbial cultivation techniques. Raman spectroscopy is a label-free, noninvasive, and in-vivo method ideal for single-cell measurement to obtain spatially resolved chemical information. In the current review, recent developments in Raman spectroscopic techniques for microbial characterization at the single-cell level are presented, focusing on Raman imaging of single cells to study the intracellular distribution of different components. The review also discusses the limitation and challenges of each technique and put forward some future outlook for improving Raman spectroscopy-based techniques for single-cell analysis. Raman spectroscopic methods at the single-cell level have potential in precision measurements, metabolic analysis, antibiotic susceptibility testing, resuscitation capability, and correlating phenotypic information to genomics for cells, the integration of Raman spectroscopy with other techniques such as microfluidics, stable isotope probing (SIP), and atomic force microscope can further improve the resolution and provide extensive information. Future focuses should be given to advance algorithms for data analysis, standardized reference libraries, and automated cell isolation techniques in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heera Jayan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510641, China.,Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Iwasaki K, Araki A, Krishna CM, Maruyama R, Yamamoto T, Noothalapati H. Identification of Molecular Basis for Objective Discrimination of Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) from Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Raman Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E800. [PMID: 33466869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS), a non-invasive and label-free method, has been suggested to improve accuracy of cytological and even histopathological diagnosis. To our knowledge, this novel technique tends to be employed without concrete knowledge of molecular changes in cells. Therefore, identification of Raman spectral markers for objective diagnosis is necessary for universal adoption of RS. As a model study, we investigated human mammary epithelial cells (HMEpC) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by RS and employed various multivariate analyses (MA) including principal components analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and support vector machine (SVM) to estimate diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, to elucidate the underlying molecular changes in cancer cells, we utilized multivariate curve resolution analysis–alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) with non-negative constraints to extract physically meaningful spectra from complex cellular data. Unsupervised PCA and supervised MA, such as LDA and SVM, classified HMEpC and MCF-7 fairly well with high accuracy but without revealing molecular basis. Employing MCR-ALS analysis we identified five pure biomolecular spectra comprising DNA, proteins and three independent unsaturated lipid components. Relative abundance of lipid 1 seems to be strictly regulated between the two groups of cells and could be the basis for excellent discrimination by chemometrics-assisted RS. It was unambiguously assigned to linoleate rich glyceride and therefore serves as a Raman spectral marker for reliable diagnosis. This study successfully identified Raman spectral markers and demonstrated the potential of RS to become an excellent cytodiagnostic tool that can both accurately and objectively discriminates breast cancer from normal cells.
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Harada R, Nomura T, Yamada K, Mochida K, Suzuki K. Genetic Engineering Strategies for Euglena gracilis and Its Industrial Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:790. [PMID: 32760709 PMCID: PMC7371780 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) adopted at the 2015 United Nations Summit are globally applicable goals designed to help countries realize a sustainable future. To achieve these SDGs, it is necessary to utilize renewable biological resources. In recent years, bioeconomy has been an attractive concept for achieving the SDGs. Microalgae are one of the biological resources that show promise in realizing the "5F"s (food, fiber, feed, fertilizer, and fuel). Among the microalgae, Euglena gracilis has the potential for achieving the "5F"s strategy owing to its unique features, such as production of paramylon, that are lacking in other microalgae. E. gracilis has already been produced on an industrial scale for use as an ingredient in functional foods and cosmetics. In recent years, genetic engineering methods for breeding E. gracilis have been researched and developed to achieve higher yields. In this article, we summarize how microalgae contribute toward achieving the SDGs. We focus on the contribution of E. gracilis to the bioeconomy, including its advantages in industrial use as well as its unique characteristics. In addition, we review genetic engineering-related research trends centered on E. gracilis, including a complete nuclear genome determination project, genome editing technology using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and the development of a screening method for selecting useful strains. In particular, genome editing in E. gracilis could be a breakthrough for molecular breeding of industrially useful strains because of its high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Harada
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Nomura
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- Euglena Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama, Japan
- Euglena Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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