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Benedict BM, Barboza PS. Adverse effects of Diptera flies on northern ungulates:
Rangifer
,
Alces
, and
Bison. Mamm Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridgett M. Benedict
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M University 2258 TAMU, 534 John Kimbrough Blvd College Station TX77843USA
| | - Perry S. Barboza
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M University 2258 TAMU, 534 John Kimbrough Blvd College Station TX77843USA
- Department of Rangelands Wildlife and Fisheries Management Texas A&M University 2258 TAMU, 534 John Kimbrough Blvd College Station TX77843USA
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Grunenwald CM, Butler E, Wünschmann A, Armien AG, Carstensen M, Hildebrand E, Moon RD, Gerhold RW. Emergence of the arterial worm Elaeophora schneideri in moose (Alces alces) and tabanid fly vectors in northeastern Minnesota, USA. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:507. [PMID: 30201046 PMCID: PMC6131914 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moose (Alces alces) are a culturally and economically valued species in Minnesota. However, the moose population has experienced a sudden, marked decline in their range, including extirpation in the northwest and a 66% decline in the last decade in the northeast portions of the state. Although the exact cause of this decline is unclear, parasitic metastrongylid and filarioid nematode infections are known causes of morbidity and mortality in moose across North America. Methods To determine if these parasitic nematodes could be contributing to the Minnesota moose population decline, we molecularly examined banked tissues obtained from moose that died of known and unknown causes for the presence of nematode DNA. Extracted brain DNA of 34 individual moose was amplified utilizing primers targeting the 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer regions of nematodes. Results DNA sequencing revealed that PCR products obtained from 15 (44.1%) of the moose were 99% identical to Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, a metastrongylid known to cause neurological disease and death. Additionally, brain tissue from 20 (58.8%) individuals yielded sequences that most closely aligned with Elaeophora schneideri, a parasite associated with neurological impairment but previously unreported in Minnesota. Setaria yehi, a common filarioid parasite of deer, was also detected in the brain tissue of 5 (14.7%) moose. Molecular screening of 618 captured tabanid flies from four trapping sites revealed E. schneideri was present (6%) in the Minnesota environment and transmission could occur locally. Prevalence rates among the flies ranged between 0–100% per trapping site, with Chrysops spp. and Hybomitra spp. implicated as the vectors. Conclusions Ultimately, these data confirm that P. tenuis is widespread in the Minnesota moose population and raises the question of the significance of E. schneideri as a contributing factor to morbidity and mortality in moose. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3077-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Grunenwald
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, M409 Walters Life Sciences, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0845, USA
| | - Erika Butler
- Nor-West Animal Clinic, 411 McIrvine Rd, Fort Frances, Ontario, P9A3X7, Canada
| | - Arno Wünschmann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Anibal G Armien
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Michelle Carstensen
- Wildlife Health Program, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 5463C West Broadway, Forest Lake, Minnesota, 55025, USA
| | - Erik Hildebrand
- Wildlife Health Program, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 5463C West Broadway, Forest Lake, Minnesota, 55025, USA
| | - Roger D Moon
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson H, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Richard W Gerhold
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Room A205, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA.
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