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Artemov GN, Fedorova VS, Karagodin DA, Brusentsov II, Baricheva EM, Sharakhov IV, Gordeev MI, Sharakhova MV. New Cytogenetic Photomap and Molecular Diagnostics for the Cryptic Species of the Malaria Mosquitoes Anopheles messeae and Anopheles daciae from Eurasia. INSECTS 2021; 12:835. [PMID: 34564275 PMCID: PMC8465136 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Eurasian malaria vector Anopheles messeae is a widely spread and genetically diverse species. Five widespread polymorphic chromosomal inversions were found in natural populations of this mosquito. A cryptic species, Anopheles daciae, was differentiated from An. messeae by the presence of several nucleotide substitutions in the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA. However, because of the absence of a high-quality reference cytogenetic map, the inversion polymorphisms in An. daciae and An. messeae remain poorly understood. Moreover, a recently determined heterogeneity in ITS2 in An. daciae questioned the accuracy of the previously used Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) assay for species diagnostics. In this study, a standard-universal cytogenetic map was constructed based on orcein stained images of chromosomes from salivary glands for population studies of the chromosomal inversions that can be used for both An. messeae and An. daciae. In addition, a new ITS2-RFLP approach for species diagnostics was developed. Both methods were applied to characterize inversion polymorphism in populations of An. messeae and An. daciae from a single location in Western Siberia in Russia. The analysis demonstrates that cryptic species are remarkably different in their frequencies of chromosomal inversion variants. Our study supports previous observations that An. messeae has higher inversion polymorphism in all autosomes than the cryptic species An. daciae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb N. Artemov
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (G.N.A.); (D.A.K.); (I.I.B.); (I.V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Valentina S. Fedorova
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Dmitriy A. Karagodin
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (G.N.A.); (D.A.K.); (I.I.B.); (I.V.S.)
| | - Ilya I. Brusentsov
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (G.N.A.); (D.A.K.); (I.I.B.); (I.V.S.)
| | - Elina M. Baricheva
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Igor V. Sharakhov
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (G.N.A.); (D.A.K.); (I.I.B.); (I.V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Mikhail I. Gordeev
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, Moscow Region State University, 141014 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria V. Sharakhova
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (G.N.A.); (D.A.K.); (I.I.B.); (I.V.S.)
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Calzolari M, Desiato R, Albieri A, Bellavia V, Bertola M, Bonilauri P, Callegari E, Canziani S, Lelli D, Mosca A, Mulatti P, Peletto S, Ravagnan S, Roberto P, Torri D, Pombi M, Di Luca M, Montarsi F. Mosquitoes of the Maculipennis complex in Northern Italy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6421. [PMID: 33742019 PMCID: PMC7979756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct identification of mosquito vectors is often hampered by the presence of morphologically indiscernible sibling species. The Maculipennis complex is one of these groups that include both malaria vectors of primary importance and species of low/negligible epidemiological relevance, of which distribution data in Italy are outdated. Our study was aimed at providing an updated distribution of Maculipennis complex in Northern Italy through the sampling and morphological/molecular identification of specimens from five regions. The most abundant species was Anopheles messeae (2032), followed by Anopheles maculipennis s.s. (418), Anopheles atroparvus (28) and Anopheles melanoon (13). Taking advantage of ITS2 barcoding, we were able to finely characterize tested mosquitoes, classifying all the Anopheles messeae specimens as Anopheles daciae, a taxon with debated rank to which we referred as species inquirenda (sp. inq.). The distribution of species was characterized by Ecological Niche Models (ENMs), fed by recorded points of presence. ENMs provided clues on the ecological preferences of the detected species, with An. daciae sp. inq. linked to stable breeding sites and An. maculipennis s.s. more associated to ephemeral breeding sites. We demonstrate that historical Anopheles malaria vectors are still present in Northern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Calzolari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Desiato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Albieri
- Centro Agricoltura Ambiente "Giorgio Nicoli" S.r.L. (CAA), Via Sant'Agata, 835, 40014, Crevalcore, BO, Italy
| | - Veronica Bellavia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Bertola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Callegari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Canziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mosca
- Territory and Agriculture Technical Area, Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente - IPLA SpA, Corso Casale, 476, 10132, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravagnan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Paolo Roberto
- Territory and Agriculture Technical Area, Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente - IPLA SpA, Corso Casale, 476, 10132, Turin, Italy
| | - Deborah Torri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Luca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Artemov GN, Velichevskaya AI, Bondarenko SM, Karagyan GH, Aghayan SA, Arakelyan MS, Stegniy VN, Sharakhov IV, Sharakhova MV. A standard photomap of the ovarian nurse cell chromosomes for the dominant malaria vector in Europe and Middle East Anopheles sacharovi. Malar J 2018; 17:276. [PMID: 30060747 PMCID: PMC6065146 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles sacharovi is a dominant malaria vector species in South Europe and the Middle East which has a highly plastic behaviour at both adult and larval stages. Such plasticity has prevented this species from eradication by several anti-vector campaigns. The development of new genome-based strategies for vector control will benefit from genome sequencing and physical chromosome mapping of this mosquito. Although a cytogenetic photomap for chromosomes from salivary glands of An. sacharovi has been developed, no cytogenetic map suitable for physical genome mapping is available. Methods Mosquitoes for this study were collected at adult stage in animal shelters in Armenia. Polytene chromosome preparations were prepared from ovarian nurse cells. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using PCR amplified probes. Results This study constructed a high-quality standard photomap for polytene chromosomes from ovarian nurse cells of An. sacharovi. Following the previous nomenclature, chromosomes were sub-divided into 39 numbered and 119 lettered sub-divisions. Chromosomal landmarks for the chromosome recognition were described. Using FISH, 4 PCR-amplified genic probes were mapped to the chromosomes. The positions of the probes demonstrated gene order reshuffling between An. sacharovi and Anopheles atroparvus which has not been seen cytologically. In addition, this study described specific chromosomal landmarks that can be used for the cytotaxonomic diagnostics of An. sacharovi based on the banding pattern of its polytene chromosomes. Conclusions This study constructed a high-quality standard photomap for ovarian nurse cell chromosomes of An. sacharovi and validated its utility for physical genome mapping. Based on the map, cytotaxonomic features for identification of An. sacharovi have been described. The cytogenetic map constructed in this study will assist in creating a chromosome-based genome assembly for this mosquito and in developing cytotaxonomic tools for identification of other species from the Maculipennis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb N Artemov
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environment Protection, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alena I Velichevskaya
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environment Protection, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Semen M Bondarenko
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environment Protection, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Gayane H Karagyan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sargis A Aghayan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia.,Chair of Zoology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Vladimir N Stegniy
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environment Protection, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Sharakhov
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environment Protection, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia. .,Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Maria V Sharakhova
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environment Protection, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia. .,Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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