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Byrne C, Ward M, Saeedi S, Obuseh E. What makes an athlete? A scoping review: Assessing the use of the word athlete with anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation review studies. Is there a standard? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14596. [PMID: 38436214 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The term athlete does not currently have an agreed definition or standardized use across the literature. We analyzed the use of the term "athlete" amongst review studies specific to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rehabilitation to investigate if the term was justified in its use. A comprehensive review of a database was performed to identify review papers which used the term "athlete" in the title, and which were related to ACL rehabilitation and surveillance. These papers were analyzed and their source papers were extracted for review. Twenty-eight review papers were identified. Source studies were extracted and analyzed. After removal of duplicates 223 source papers were identified. Despite using the term "athlete" in the review study titles only 5/17 (10.7%) sufficiently justified the use of this term. The term athlete was used in 117/223 (52.5%) of the source studies. Of those, 78/117 source studies (66.7%) justified the term athlete. The remaining 39/117 (33.3%) papers where participants were stated to be athletes, gave no justification. The ambiguous use of the term athlete amongst published studies highlights the need for a definition or justification of the term to be used in studies. The lack of a standard definition leads to the potential for studies to dilute high quality data by the potentially differing rehabilitation requirements and access to resources available to those with varying exercise levels. The indiscriminate use of the term athlete could lead to participants with widely ranging physical activity levels being included in the same study, and being used to create clinical advice for all. Advice could potentially vary across those of differing physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Byrne
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- James Connolly Hospital Emergency Department, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Ward
- Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Saeedi
- Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Obuseh
- James Connolly Hospital Emergency Department, Dublin, Ireland
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Legg L, Donahue T, Peel S, Piland S, Thorsen T. Effects of shoe collar height and limb dominance on landing knee biomechanics in female collegiate volleyball players. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:247-254. [PMID: 38456685 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2327119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Volleyball-specific footwear with higher collar heights (a mid-cut shoe) are worn to restrict ankle motion. Reduced ankle dorsiflexion has been associated with increased frontal plane motion and injury risk at the knee. With the high frequency of unilateral landings in volleyball, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of volleyball-specific shoes and limb dominance on knee landing mechanics in collegiate volleyball players. It was hypothesized that participants would exhibit smaller sagittal plane and greater frontal plane knee joint mechanics in mid-cut and dominant limb and that vertical and posterior directed ground reaction forces would be greater wearing mid-cut, yet similar between limbs. Seventeen female volleyball players performed unilateral landings on each limb in mid-cut and low-top volleyball shoes. For shoe main effects, smaller peak dorsiflexion angle and internal peak plantarflexion moment and greater peak medial ground reaction force were found in the mid-cut but with no impact on knee mechanics. For limb main effects, the internal peak knee abduction moment was greater in the dominant limb. Greater peak lateral ground reaction force was found in the interaction between the non-dominant limb and low-top. Further research is warranted to better understand shoe and limb impact in volleyball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Legg
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical, and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Tyler Donahue
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA
| | - Shelby Peel
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott Piland
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA
| | - Tanner Thorsen
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA
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Hou Z, Shen W, Fong DTP, Winter SL. Anticipation of landing leg masks ankle inversion orientation deficits and peroneal insufficiency during jump landing in people with chronic ankle instability. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14585. [PMID: 38356438 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Ankle inversion orientation and peroneal activation insufficiency may contribute to lateral ankle sprains during landing in chronic ankle instability (CAI); however, how anticipation alters these factors is neglected. This study aimed to assess the impact of anticipation on joint orientation and muscle activity during landing in individuals with CAI. Fifteen participants with CAI and 15 healthy participants (control) were recruited to perform single-leg landings after bilateral countermovement jumps when the landing limb was specified before (planned) or after (unplanned) take-off. Joint angle (hip, knee, and ankle) and electromyography (gluteus medius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius lateral head, tibialis anterior, and peroneal longus) were collected and analyzed with 2 (groups) × 2 (conditions) statistical parametric mapping ANOVA. In the unplanned condition, the CAI group demonstrated a less plantarflexed (maximum difference [MD] = 9.5°, p = 0.047) and more inverted ankle joint (MD = 4.1°, p < 0.001) before ground contact, along with lower peroneal activity at ground contact compared to the control group (MD = 28.9% of peak activation, p < 0.001). No significant differences between groups were observed in the planned condition. In conclusion, anticipation may mask jump landing deficits in people with CAI, including inverted ankle orientation and reduced peroneus longus activity pre- and post-landing, which were observed exclusively in unplanned landings. Clinicians and researchers need to recognize the impact of anticipation on apparent landing deficits and consider the implications for injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchen Hou
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Wei Shen
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Daniel T P Fong
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Samantha L Winter
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Molla RY, Fatahi A, Khezri D, Ceylan HI, Nobari H. Relationship between impulse and kinetic variables during jumping and landing in volleyball players. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:619. [PMID: 37516876 PMCID: PMC10386276 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the relationships between impulse and kinetic variables during jumping and landing in elite young male volleyball players. METHODOLOGY Eighteen players were recruited and asked to jump on a force plate, which allowed for the direct extraction of jump and landing kinetic data. The data was then analysed using stepwise regression to explore the relationship between landing impulse and various kinetic variables. RESULTS Our findings revealed a significant positive relationship between the peak rate of force development concentric (PRFD CON) and impulse at landing (β = 0.537, p = 0.02). In a secondary analysis, we found that PRFD CON (β = 0.497, p = 0.01) and time to peak power concentric (TPPC) (β = 0.424, p = 0.04) were also positively correlated with landing impulse. Importantly, PRFD CON and TPPC were the variables that had the most muscular predictive power for impulse at landing. CONCLUSION These findings offer crucial insights into the biomechanics of jumping and landing in elite young male volleyball players, informing the development of more effective training programs. Our study identifies PRFD CON and TPPC as critical factors for improving landing impulse, emphasizing the need to consider multiple kinetic variables when designing training programs for explosive skills. These insights can help optimize performance and reduce the risk of injury in elite young male volleyball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Yousefian Molla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Fatahi
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khezri
- Department of Sport Biomechanics and Technology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, 1587958711, Iran
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran.
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The ability to produce a timely explosive force may affect loading rate at landing. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-023-01044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sports injuries are strongly associated with the impact loading at landing. The abilities to produce force and adjust timing are simultaneously required to absorb impact loading.
Aims
Hence, we aimed to examine the hypothesis that the ability to produce an explosive force at the right timing is related to the ability to absorb the impact loading at landing.
Methods
Twenty-nine healthy young men volunteered to participate in the study. We proposed a new test to measure the rate of force development (RFD) in accordance with the countdown signal. To evaluate the ability to produce explosive force at the right time, we measured the rate of change between the RFD at the standard start signal and the RFD at the countdown signal. Furthermore, to evaluate the ability to land from a jump, we measured the loading rate at single-leg drop landing (20 cm).
Results
We divided the participants into two groups based on the timing effect: the positive group (participants with increased RFD at the countdown signal, n = 11) and the negative group (participants with decreased RFD at the countdown signal, n = 18). The loading rate was significantly greater (P < .01) in the negative group (47.4 ± 11.2 body weight (BW)/s) than in the positive group (34.7 ± 7.1 BW/s).
Conclusions
Participants with increased RFD at the countdown signal had a lower loading rate at landing. Our results suggest that the ability to produce a timely explosive force may be a determinant of safe landing ability.
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Guthrie BM, King EL, Patwardhan S, Wei Q, Sikdar S, Chitnis PV, Jones MT. Relationships between surrogate measures of mechanical and psychophysiological load, patellar tendon adaptations, and neuromuscular performance in NCAA division I men's volleyball athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1065470. [PMID: 36909358 PMCID: PMC9992433 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1065470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patellar tendon adaptations occur in response to mechanical load. Appropriate loading is necessary to elicit positive adaptations with increased risk of injury and decreased performance likely if loading exceeds the capacity of the tendon. The aim of the current study was to examine intra-individual associations between workloads and patellar tendon properties and neuromuscular performance in collegiate volleyball athletes. Methods National Collegiate Athletics Association Division I men's volleyball athletes (n = 16, age: 20.33 ± 1.15 years, height: 193.50 ± 6.50 cm, body mass: 84.32 ± 7.99 kg, bodyfat%: 13.18 ± 4.72%) competing across 9 weeks of in-season competition participated. Daily measurements of external workloads (i.e., jump count) and internal workloads [i.e., session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE)] were recorded. Weekly measurements included neuromuscular performance assessments (i.e., countermovement jump, drop jump), and ultrasound images of the patellar tendon to evaluate structural adaptations. Repeated measures correlations (r-rm) assessed intra-individual associations among performance and patellar tendon metrics. Results Workload measures exhibited significant negative small to moderate (r-rm =-0.26-0.31) associations with neuromuscular performance, negative (r-rm = -0.21-0.30), and positive (r-rm = 0.20-0.32) small to moderate associations with patellar tendon properties. Discussion Monitoring change in tendon composition and performance adaptations alongside workloads may inform evidence-based frameworks toward managing and reducing the risk of the development of patellar tendinopathy in collegiate men's volleyball athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Guthrie
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Erica L King
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Shriniwas Patwardhan
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Siddhartha Sikdar
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Parag V Chitnis
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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Bartol V, Vauhnik R, Rugelj D. Influence of the sport specific training background on the symmetry of the single legged vertical counter movement jump among female ballet dancers and volleyball players. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10669. [PMID: 36185156 PMCID: PMC9519494 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vertical jumps are the key components of performance in the classical ballet and volleyball. Asymmetry of performance between the lower extremities is a potential risk factor for injury. Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyse the symmetry of the unilateral vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) in a group of female ballet dancers and in a group of female college volleyball players. Methods We tested the CMJ with the dominant and nondominant leg and the bilateral CMJ among 15 female ballet dancers and 15 female volleyball players aged 18–24 years. Ground reaction forces were recorded with the force plate and five variables were analysed - jump height, power, energy, and time to flight and time to maximum force during landing. Results 2 × 2 repeated measures of ANOVA indicates that type of sport is influencing some of the single leg CMJ variables (energy used and time to maximal force in landing), there was a significant asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant leg in some of the vertical CMJ variables (CMJ height, energy used and the average power was marginally significant). The interaction between the type of sport and leg dominance however was not significant for all of the analysed CMJ variables indicating no difference in asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant leg in the two investigated sports. The results expressed in the percentage differences between both legs that is widely used in the scientific literature showed that ballet dancers exhibited more symmetrical CMJ height, power, and energy compared to volleyball players. The average percent difference in CMJ height between the dominant and non-dominant leg was 4.26 (10.60) % and 13.36 (14.72) %, respectively. On average, volleyball players jumped slightly higher at the bilateral CMJ (p < 0.001). Conclusion Sport-specific training background could explain the observed contralateral deficit differences between two sport groups. The elements of ballet training could be introduced into the volleyball training to overcome observed this contralateral deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bartol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomechanical Laboratory, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Community Health Centre Kranj, Gosposvetska ulica 10, 4000, Kranj, Slovenia
| | - R Vauhnik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomechanical Laboratory, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Arthron, Institute for Joint and Sports Injuries, Celje, Slovenia
| | - D Rugelj
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomechanical Laboratory, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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