Magnetic resonance images and measurements of the volume, proportion, and longitudinal distribution of contractile and non-contractile tissue in the dorsi- and plantar flexor muscles of healthy young and older adults

Anterior Tibial Tendon Side-to-Side Tenorrhaphy after Posterior Tibial Tendon Transfer: A Technique to Improve Reliability in Drop Foot after Common Peroneal Nerve Injury

Common peroneal nerve injury is present in 40% of knee dislocations, and foot drop is the principal complication. Posterior tibial tendon transfer is a viable solution to replace the function of the anterior tibial tendon (ATT) in the mid-foot. Several techniques for posterior tibial tendon transfer exist today, with variable results reported. However, adding augmentation with side-to-side tenorrhaphy of ATT to the transferred posterior tibial tendon (PTT) enhances anterior tissue balance and load sharing stress between native ATT enthesis and PTT tenodesis, allowing early rehabilitation and improving functional outcomes. Side-to-side tenorrhaphy is performed after PTT tenodesis in the lateral cuneiform to improve reliability in foot drop. This technique allows shorter immobilization time (from 6 to 2 weeks), earlier rehabilitation, sooner weight-bearing, and decreased risk of arthrofibrosis, scar formation, and muscle atrophy.