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Weisrock A, Wüst R, Olenic M, Lecomte-Grosbras P, Thorrez L. MyoFInDer: an AI-based tool for Myotube Fusion Index Determination. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38832871 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2024.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The fusion index is a key indicator for quantifying the differentiation of a myoblast population, which is often calculated manually. In addition to being time-consuming, manual quantification is also error-prone and subjective. Several software tools have been proposed for addressing these limitations, but suffer from various drawbacks including unintuitive interfaces and limited performance. Here, we describe MyoFInDer, a Python-based program for the automated computation of the fusion index of skeletal muscle. At the core of MyoFInDer is a powerful artificial intelligence-based image segmentation model. MyoFInDer also determines the total nuclei count and the percentage of stained area, and allows for manual verification and correction. MyoFInDer can reliably determine the fusion index, with a high correlation to manual counting. Compared to other tools, MyoFInDer stands out as it minimizes the inter-operator variability, minimizes process time and displays the best correlation to manual counting. Therefore, it is a suitable choice for calculating fusion index in an automated way, and gives researchers access to the high performance and flexibility of a modern artificial intelligence model. As a free and open-source project, MyoFInDer can be modified or extended to meet specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Weisrock
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Kortrijk, State..., Belgium
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9013, LaMcube F-59000, Lille, France;
| | - Rebecca Wüst
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Kortrijk, State..., Belgium;
| | - Maria Olenic
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Kortrijk, State..., Belgium
- Ghent University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | | | - Lieven Thorrez
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, E. Sabbelaan 53, bus 7700, Kortrijk, State..., Belgium, 8500;
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Maus D, Curtis B, Warschkau D, Betancourt ED, Seeber F, Blume M. Generation of Mature Toxoplasma gondii Bradyzoites in Human Immortalized Myogenic KD3 Cells. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4916. [PMID: 38213326 PMCID: PMC10777055 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite and one of the most successful foodborne pathogens. Upon infection and dissemination, the parasites convert into the persisting, chronic form called bradyzoites, which reside within cysts in muscle and brain tissue. Despite their importance, bradyzoites remain difficult to investigate directly, owing to limited in vitro models. In addition, the need for new drugs targeting the chronic stage, which is underlined by the lack of eradicating treatment options, remains difficult to address since in vitro access to drug-tolerant bradyzoites remains limited. We recently published the use of a human myotube-based bradyzoite cell culture system and demonstrated its applicability to investigate the biology of T. gondii bradyzoites. Encysted parasites can be functionally matured during long-term cultivation in these immortalized cells and possess many in vivo-like features, including pepsin resistance, oral infectivity, and antifolate resistance. In addition, the system is scalable, enabling experimental approaches that rely on large numbers, such as metabolomics. In short, we detail the cultivation of terminally differentiated human myotubes and their subsequent infection with tachyzoites, which then mature to encysted bradyzoites within four weeks at ambient CO2 levels. We also discuss critical aspects of the procedure and suggest improvements. Key features • This protocol describes a scalable human myotube-based in vitro system capable of generating encysted bradyzoites featuring in vivo hallmarks. • Bradyzoite differentiation is facilitated through CO2 depletion but without additional artificial stress factors like alkaline pH. • Functional maturation occurs over four weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Maus
- Metabolism of Microbial Pathogens (P6), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Blake Curtis
- Metabolism of Microbial Pathogens (P6), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - David Warschkau
- Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria (FG16), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Estefanía Delgado Betancourt
- Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria (FG16), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frank Seeber
- Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria (FG16), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Blume
- Metabolism of Microbial Pathogens (P6), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Jung U, Kim M, Dowker-Key P, Noë S, Bettaieb A, Shepherd E, Voy B. Hypoxia promotes proliferation and inhibits myogenesis in broiler satellite cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103203. [PMID: 37980759 PMCID: PMC10685027 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast muscle myopathies in broilers compromise meat quality and continue to plague the poultry industry. Broiler breast muscle myopathies are characterized by impaired satellite cell (SC)-mediated repair, and localized tissue hypoxia and dysregulation of oxygen homeostasis have been implicated as contributing factors. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that hypoxia disrupts the ability of SC to differentiate and form myotubes, both of which are key components of myofiber repair, and to determine the extent to which effects are reversed by restoration of oxygen tension. Primary SC were isolated from pectoralis major of young (5 d) Cobb 700 chicks and maintained in growth conditions or induced to differentiate under normoxic (20% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions for up to 48 h. Hypoxia enhanced SC proliferation while inhibiting myogenic potential, with decreased fusion index and suppressed myotube formation. Reoxygenation after hypoxia partially reversed effects on both proliferation and myogenesis. Western blotting showed that hypoxia diminished myogenin expression, activated AMPK, upregulated proliferation markers, and increased molecular signaling of cellular stress. Hypoxia also promoted accumulation of lipid droplets in myotubes. Targeted RNAseq identified numerous differentially expressed genes across differentiation under hypoxia, including several genes that have been associated with myopathies in vivo. Altogether, these data demonstrate localized hypoxia may influence SC behavior in ways that disrupt muscle repair and promote the formation of myopathies in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usuk Jung
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Presley Dowker-Key
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Simon Noë
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shepherd
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Brynn Voy
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Hyun J, Kang SI, Lee SW, Amarasiri RPGSK, Nagahawatta DP, Roh Y, Wang L, Ryu B, Jeon YJ. Exploring the Potential of Olive Flounder Processing By-Products as a Source of Functional Ingredients for Muscle Enhancement. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1755. [PMID: 37760060 PMCID: PMC10526038 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive flounder (OF) is a widely aqua-cultivated and recognized socioeconomic resource in Korea. However, more than 50% of by-products are generated when processing one OF, and there is no proper way to utilize them. With rising awareness and interest in eco-friendly bio-materialization recycling, this research investigates the potential of enzymatic hydrolysis of OF by-products (OFB) to produce functional ingredients. Various enzymatic hydrolysates of OFB (OFBEs) were generated using 11 commercial enzymes. Among them, Prozyme 2000P-assisted OFBE (OFBP) exhibited the highest protein content and yield, as well as low molecularization. The muscle regenerative potential of OFBEs was evaluated using C2C12 myoblasts, revealing that OFBP positively regulated myoblast differentiation. In an in vitro Dex-induced myotube atrophy model, OFBP protected against muscle atrophy and restored myotube differentiation and Dex-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, zebrafish treated with OFBEs showed improved locomotor activity and body weight, with OFBP exhibiting outstanding restoration in the Dex-induced muscle atrophy zebrafish in vivo model. In conclusion, OFBEs, particularly OFBP, produce hydrolysates with enhanced physiological usability and muscle regenerative potential. Further research on its industrial application and mechanistic insights is needed to realize its potential as a high-quality protein food ingredient derived from OF processing by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Hyun
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - Sang-In Kang
- Seafood Research Center, Silla University, Busan 49277, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Woon Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - R. P. G. S. K. Amarasiri
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - D. P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - Yujin Roh
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bomi Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
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Kahn RE, Krater T, Larson JE, Encarnacion M, Karakostas T, Patel NM, Swaroop VT, Dayanidhi S. Resident muscle stem cell myogenic characteristics in postnatal muscle growth impairments in children with cerebral palsy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C614-C631. [PMID: 36622072 PMCID: PMC9942895 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00499.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Children with cerebral palsy (CP), a perinatal brain alteration, have impaired postnatal muscle growth, with some muscles developing contractures. Functionally, children are either able to walk or primarily use wheelchairs. Satellite cells are muscle stem cells (MuSCs) required for postnatal development and source of myonuclei. Only MuSC abundance has been previously reported in contractured muscles, with myogenic characteristics assessed only in vitro. We investigated whether MuSC myogenic, myonuclear, and myofiber characteristics in situ differ between contractured and noncontractured muscles, across functional levels, and compared with typically developing (TD) children with musculoskeletal injury. Open muscle biopsies were obtained from 36 children (30 CP, 6 TD) during surgery; contracture correction for adductors or gastrocnemius, or from vastus lateralis [bony surgery in CP, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair in TD]. Muscle cross sections were immunohistochemically labeled for MuSC abundance, activation, proliferation, nuclei, myofiber borders, type-1 fibers, and collagen content in serial sections. Although MuSC abundance was greater in contractured muscles, primarily in type-1 fibers, their myogenic characteristics (activation, proliferation) were lower compared with noncontractured muscles. Overall, MuSC abundance, activation, and proliferation appear to be associated with collagen content. Myonuclear number was similar between all muscles, but only in contractured muscles were there associations between myonuclear number, MuSC abundance, and fiber cross-sectional area. Puzzlingly, MuSC characteristics were similar between ambulatory and nonambulatory children. Noncontractured muscles in children with CP had a lower MuSC abundance compared with TD-ACL injured children, but similar myogenic characteristics. Contractured muscles may have an intrinsic deficiency in developmental progression for postnatal MuSC pool establishment, needed for lifelong efficient growth and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jill E Larson
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Tasos Karakostas
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neeraj M Patel
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vineeta T Swaroop
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Zhang J, Wen H, Qi X, Zhang Y, Dong X, Zhang K, Zhang M, Li J, Li Y. Morphological and Molecular Responses of Lateolabrax maculatus Skeletal Muscle Cells to Different Temperatures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179812. [PMID: 36077203 PMCID: PMC9456278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature strongly modulates muscle development and growth in ectothermic teleosts; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells of Lateolabrax maculatus were conducted and reared at different temperatures (21, 25, and 28 °C) in both the proliferation and differentiation stages. CCK-8, EdU, wound scratch and nuclear fusion index assays revealed that the proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and migration processes of skeletal muscle cells were significantly accelerated as the temperature raises. Based on the GO, GSEA, and WGCNA, higher temperature (28 °C) induced genes involved in HSF1 activation, DNA replication, and ECM organization processes at the proliferation stage, as well as HSF1 activation, calcium activity regulation, myogenic differentiation, and myoblast fusion, and sarcomere assembly processes at the differentiation stage. In contrast, lower temperature (21 °C) increased the expression levels of genes associated with DNA damage, DNA repair and apoptosis processes at the proliferation stage, and cytokine signaling and neutrophil degranulation processes at the differentiation stage. Additionally, we screened several hub genes regulating myogenesis processes. Our results could facilitate the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of temperature on fish skeletal muscle growth and further contribute to utilizing rational management strategies and promoting organism growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-82-031-792
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