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Solidoro R, Centonze A, Miciaccia M, Baldelli OM, Armenise D, Ferorelli S, Perrone MG, Scilimati A. Fluorescent imaging probes for in vivo ovarian cancer targeted detection and surgery. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1800-1866. [PMID: 38367227 DOI: 10.1002/med.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, with a survival rate of approximately 40% at five years from the diagno. The first-line treatment consists of cytoreductive surgery combined with chemotherapy (platinum- and taxane-based drugs). To date, the main prognostic factor is related to the complete surgical resection of tumor lesions, including occult micrometastases. The presence of minimal residual diseases not detected by visual inspection and palpation during surgery significantly increases the risk of disease relapse. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging systems have the potential to improve surgical outcomes. Fluorescent tracers administered to the patient may support surgeons for better real-time visualization of tumor lesions during cytoreductive procedures. In the last decade, consistent with the discovery of an increasing number of ovarian cancer-specific targets, a wide range of fluorescent agents were identified to be employed for intraoperatively detecting ovarian cancer. Here, we present a collection of fluorescent probes designed and developed for fluorescence-guided ovarian cancer surgery. Original articles published between 2011 and November 2022 focusing on fluorescent probes, currently under preclinical and clinical investigation, were searched in PubMed. The keywords used were targeted detection, ovarian cancer, fluorescent probe, near-infrared fluorescence, fluorescence-guided surgery, and intraoperative imaging. All identified papers were English-language full-text papers, and probes were classified based on the location of the biological target: intracellular, membrane, and extracellular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Solidoro
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Centonze
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Morena Miciaccia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Olga Maria Baldelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Armenise
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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2
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Mack KN, Samuels ZV, Carter LM, Viray TD, Mandleywala K, Brooks CL, Hollingsworth MA, Radhakrishnan P, Lewis JS. Interrogating the Theranostic Capacity of a MUC16-Targeted Antibody for Ovarian Cancer. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:580-585. [PMID: 38485271 PMCID: PMC10995531 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly expressed glycans on mucins such as mucin-16 (MUC16) are implicated in the biology that promotes ovarian cancer (OC) malignancy. Here, we investigated the theranostic potential of a humanized antibody, huAR9.6, targeting fully glycosylated and hypoglycosylated MUC16 isoforms. Methods: In vitro and in vivo targeting of the diagnostic radiotracer [89Zr]Zr-DFO-huAR9.6 was investigated via binding experiments, immuno-PET imaging, and biodistribution studies on OC mouse models. Ovarian xenografts were used to determine the safety and efficacy of the therapeutic version, [177Lu]Lu-CHX-A″-DTPA-huAR9.6. Results: In vivo uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-huAR9.6 supported in vitro-determined expression levels: high uptake in OVCAR3 and OVCAR4 tumors, low uptake in OVCAR5 tumors, and no uptake in OVCAR8 tumors. Accordingly, [177Lu]Lu-CHX-A″-DTPA-huAR9.6 displayed strong antitumor effects in the OVCAR3 model and improved overall survival in the OVCAR3 and OVCAR5 models in comparison to the saline control. Hematologic toxicity was transient in both models. Conclusion: PET imaging of OC xenografts showed that [89Zr]Zr-DFO-huAR9.6 delineated MUC16 expression levels, which correlated with in vitro results. Additionally, we showed that [177Lu]Lu-CHX-A″-DTPA-huAR9.6 displayed strong antitumor effects in highly MUC16-expressing tumors. These findings demonstrate great potential for 89Zr- and 177Lu-labeled huAR9.6 as theranostic tools for the diagnosis and treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeara N Mack
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Zachary V Samuels
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tara D Viray
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Komal Mandleywala
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cory L Brooks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fresno, California
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Li S, Zhang H, Zhu M, Kuang Z, Li X, Xu F, Miao S, Zhang Z, Lou X, Li H, Xia F. Electrochemical Biosensors for Whole Blood Analysis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37262362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems for whole blood testing toward the goal of disease monitoring and treatment. Among the techniques employed for whole-blood diagnostics, electrochemical biosensors, as known to be rapid, sensitive, capable of miniaturization, reagentless and washing free, become a class of emerging technology to achieve the target detection specifically and directly in complex media, e.g., whole blood or even in the living body. Here we are aiming to provide a comprehensive review to summarize advances over the past decade in the development of electrochemical sensors for whole blood analysis. Further, we address the remaining challenges and opportunities to integrate electrochemical sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Man Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhujun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zishuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Manafi-Farid R, Ataeinia B, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Moradi MM, Pirich C, Beheshti M. ImmunoPET: Antibody-Based PET Imaging in Solid Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916693. [PMID: 35836956 PMCID: PMC9273828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Mohsen Beheshti ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-3812
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Sharma SK, Mack KN, Piersigilli A, Pourat J, Edwards KJ, Keinänen O, Jiao MS, Zhao H, White B, Brooks CL, de Stanchina E, Madiyalakan MR, Hollingsworth MA, Radhakrishnan P, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. ImmunoPET of Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancer with AR9.6, a Novel MUC16-Targeted Therapeutic Antibody. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:948-959. [PMID: 34907079 PMCID: PMC8898287 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advances in our understanding of the contribution of aberrant glycosylation to the pro-oncogenic signaling and metastasis of tumor cells have reinvigorated the development of mucin-targeted therapies. Here, we validate the tumor-targeting ability of a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), AR9.6, that binds MUC16 and abrogates downstream oncogenic signaling to confer a therapeutic response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The in vitro and ex vivo validation of the binding of AR9.6 to MUC16 was achieved via flow cytometry, radioligand binding assay (RBA), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The in vivo MUC16 targeting of AR9.6 was validated by creating a 89Zr-labeled radioimmunoconjugate of the mAb and utilizing immunoPET and ex vivo biodistribution studies in xenograft models of human ovarian and pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Flow cytometry, RBA, and IHC revealed that AR9.6 binds to ovarian and pancreatic cancer cells in an MUC16-dependent manner. The in vivo radiopharmacologic profile of 89Zr-labeled AR9.6 in mice bearing ovarian and pancreatic cancer xenografts confirmed the MUC16-dependent tumor targeting by the radioimmunoconjugate. Radioactivity uptake was also observed in the distant lymph nodes (LNs) of mice bearing xenografts with high levels of MUC16 expression (i.e., OVCAR3 and Capan-2). IHC analyses of these PET-positive LNs highlighted the presence of shed antigen as well as necrotic, phagocytized, and actively infiltrating neoplastic cells. The humanization of AR9.6 did not compromise its ability to target MUC16-expressing tumors. CONCLUSIONS The unique therapeutic mechanism of AR9.6 combined with its excellent in vivo tumor targeting makes it a highly promising theranostic agent. huAR9.6 is poised for clinical translation to impact the management of metastatic ovarian and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kyeara N. Mack
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, and The Rockefeller University, New York
| | - Jacob Pourat
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kimberly J. Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Outi Keinänen
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Maria S. Jiao
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, and The Rockefeller University, New York
| | - Huiyong Zhao
- Anti-Tumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Brandy White
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, California
| | - Cory L. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, California
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Anti-Tumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | | | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
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Nanotechnology-based approaches for effective detection of tumor markers: A comprehensive state-of-the-art review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:356-383. [PMID: 34920057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As well-appreciated biomarkers, tumor markers have been spotlighted as reliable tools for predicting the behavior of different tumors and helping clinicians ascertain the type of molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis. The sensitivity and specificity of these markers have made them an object of even broader interest for sensitive detection and staging of various cancers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescence-based, mass-based, and electrochemical-based detections are current techniques for sensing tumor markers. Although some of these techniques provide good selectivity, certain obstacles, including a low sample concentration or difficulty carrying out the measurement, limit their application. With the advent of nanotechnology, many studies have been carried out to synthesize and employ nanomaterials (NMs) in sensing techniques to determine these tumor markers at low concentrations. The fabrication, sensitivity, design, and multiplexing of sensing techniques have been uplifted due to the attractive features of NMs. Various NMs, such as magnetic and metal nanoparticles, up-conversion NPs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon-based NMs, quantum dots (QDs), and graphene-based nanosensors, hyperbranched polymers, optical nanosensors, piezoelectric biosensors, paper-based biosensors, microfluidic-based lab-on-chip sensors, and hybrid NMs have proven effective in detecting tumor markers with great sensitivity and selectivity. This review summarizes various categories of NMs for detecting these valuable markers, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3, MUC1), and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and highlights recent nanotechnology-based advancements in detection of these prognostic biomarkers.
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Kaur J, Bhardwaj A, Wuest F. Development of Fluorescence Imaging Probes for Labeling COX-1 in Live Ovarian Cancer Cells. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:798-804. [PMID: 34055228 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence demonstrated an aberrant overexpression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) in various cancers, which has stimulated the development of COX-1-selective inhibitors as promising anticancer drugs and cancer imaging agents. Herein we describe the synthesis and validation of 3-(furan-2-yl)-N-aryl 5-amino-pyrazoles as a novel class of COX-1 inhibitors, including molecular docking studies. Among all tested compounds, 4-(5-azido-3-(furan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic 17 displayed a favorable COX-1 inhibition and selectivity profile (COX-1 IC50 = 0.1 μM, SI >1000 over COX-2). Compound 17 was selected as a lead structure for developing the novel COX-1-selective fluorescent probe 22. Fluorescent probe 22 was prepared via click chemistry by installing a nitro-benzoxadiazole motif as a fluorophore into the 3-(furan-2-yl)-N-aryl 5-amino-pyrazole scaffold. Fluorescence probe 22 was tested in ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3, confirming its usefulness for targeting and visualizing COX-1 in living cells with confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Alberta, 8613 - 114 St., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Alberta, 8613 - 114 St., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Alberta, 8613 - 114 St., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Shen R, Zhang J, Huang W, Wu S, Li G, Zou S, Ling L. Dynamic light scattering and fluorescence dual-signal sensing of cancer antigen-125 via recognition of the polymerase chain reaction product with gold nanoparticle probe. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1145:87-94. [PMID: 33453884 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer antigen 125 (CA - 125) is an important biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. In this paper, oligonucleotide 5'-GACAGGCCCGAAGGAATAGATAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAGACAAGAATAAACGCTCAA-3' (oligo 1) contains an aptamer of CA - 125, and was designed partly complementary to oligonucleotide 5'-CTCTCTCTCCACCTTCTTCTTTGAGCGTTTATTCTTGTCT-3' (oligo 2). Oligo 1 · oligo 2 was extended with the Klenow fragment (exo-) polymerase for further polymerase chain reaction (PCR) processes in the presence of two primers: deoxyribose nucleoside triphosphate and Taq polymerase. Single-stranded DNA was produced at two sides of the PCR product by introducing a C18 spacer into the two primers, which could hybridize with AuNPs-DNA probes, investigated by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence. The addition of CA - 125 can interrupt the hybridization between oligo 1 and oligo 2, causing the average diameter of AuNPs-DNA probes to decrease with the increase of CA-125 within the range of 5 fg mL-1 - 50 ng mL-1. The linear regression equation of this relationship was D = 430.48-49.60 log10C, with a detection limit of 1.1 fg mL-1. Fluorescein molecules were modified at the end of the forward primer. The fluorescence intensity of the PCR product can be measured simultaneously, with the fluorescence intensity increasing linearly with the logarithm of CA-125 concentration within a linear range from 10 fg mL-1 to 50 ng mL-1, with a detection limit of 1.5 fg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidi Shen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Huang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaoyong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Seyin Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Newport Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
| | - Liansheng Ling
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Houvast RD, Vankemmelbeke M, Durrant LG, Wuhrer M, Baart VM, Kuppen PJK, de Geus-Oei LF, Vahrmeijer AL, Sier CFM. Targeting Glycans and Heavily Glycosylated Proteins for Tumor Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123870. [PMID: 33371487 PMCID: PMC7767531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Distinguishing malignancy from healthy tissue is essential for oncologic surgery. Targeted imaging during an operation aids the surgeon to operate better. The present tracers for detecting cancer are directed against proteins that are overexpressed on the membrane of tumor cells. This review evaluates the use of tumor-associated sugar molecules as an alternative for proteins to image cancer tissue. These sugar molecules are present as glycans on glycosylated membrane proteins and glycolipids. Due to their location and large numbers per cell, these sugar molecules might be better targets for tumor imaging than proteins. Abstract Real-time tumor imaging techniques are increasingly used in oncological surgery, but still need to be supplemented with novel targeted tracers, providing specific tumor tissue detection based on intra-tumoral processes or protein expression. To maximize tumor/non-tumor contrast, targets should be highly and homogenously expressed on tumor tissue only, preferably from the earliest developmental stage onward. Unfortunately, most evaluated tumor-associated proteins appear not to meet all of these criteria. Thus, the quest for ideal targets continues. Aberrant glycosylation of proteins and lipids is a fundamental hallmark of almost all cancer types and contributes to tumor progression. Additionally, overexpression of glycoproteins that carry aberrant glycans, such as mucins and proteoglycans, is observed. Selected tumor-associated glyco-antigens are abundantly expressed and could, thus, be ideal candidates for targeted tumor imaging. Nevertheless, glycan-based tumor imaging is still in its infancy. In this review, we highlight the potential of glycans, and heavily glycosylated proteoglycans and mucins as targets for multimodal tumor imaging by discussing the preclinical and clinical accomplishments within this field. Additionally, we describe the major advantages and limitations of targeting glycans compared to cancer-associated proteins. Lastly, by providing a brief overview of the most attractive tumor-associated glycans and glycosylated proteins in association with their respective tumor types, we set out the way for implementing glycan-based imaging in a clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben D. Houvast
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.D.H.); (V.M.B.); (P.J.K.K.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Mireille Vankemmelbeke
- Scancell Limited, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.V.); (L.G.D.)
| | - Lindy G. Durrant
- Scancell Limited, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.V.); (L.G.D.)
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Victor M. Baart
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.D.H.); (V.M.B.); (P.J.K.K.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Peter J. K. Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.D.H.); (V.M.B.); (P.J.K.K.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L. Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.D.H.); (V.M.B.); (P.J.K.K.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Cornelis F. M. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.D.H.); (V.M.B.); (P.J.K.K.); (A.L.V.)
- Percuros BV, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-752662610
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10
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Fung K, Sharma SK, Keinänen O, Roche KL, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. A Molecularly Targeted Intraoperative Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Agent for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3140-3147. [PMID: 32644804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women, accounting for more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. The foundation of its management consists of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by systemic chemotherapy, with the completeness of surgical resection consistently identified as one of the most important prognostic factors for the disease. The goal of our investigation is the development of a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging agent for the intraoperative imaging of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). As surgeons are currently limited to the visual and manual assessment of tumor tissue during CRS, this technology could facilitate more complete resections as well as serve important functions at other points in the surgical management of the disease. Elevated levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) have proven a useful biomarker of HGSOC, and the CA125-targeting antibody B43.13 has shown potential as a platform for immunoPET imaging in murine models of ovarian cancer. Herein, we report the development of a NIRF imaging agent based on B43.13: ssB43.13-IR800. We site-specifically modified the heavy chain glycans of B43.13 with the near-infrared dye IRDye 800CW using a chemoenzymatic approach developed in our laboratories. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the specificity of the conjugation reaction, and flow cytometry, immunostaining, and fluorescence microscopy verified the specific binding of ssB43.13-IR800 to CA125-expressing OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cells. NIRF imaging studies demonstrated that ssB43.13-IR800 can be used to image CA125-expressing HGSOC tumors in subcutaneous, orthotopic, and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Finally, ex vivo analyses confirmed that ssB43.13-IR800 can bind and identify CA125-expressing cells in primary tumor and metastatic lymph node samples from human patients with HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Fung
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | | | - Outi Keinänen
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Kara Long Roche
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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11
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Wei W, Rosenkrans ZT, Liu J, Huang G, Luo QY, Cai W. ImmunoPET: Concept, Design, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3787-3851. [PMID: 32202104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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12
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Yakushiji H, Kobayashi K, Takenaka F, Kishi Y, Shinohara M, Akehi M, Sasaki T, Ohno E, Matsuura E. Novel single-chain variant of antibody against mesothelin established by phage library. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2722-2733. [PMID: 31461572 PMCID: PMC6726835 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) shows increased expression in various cancer cells. For clinical application of antibodies as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging reagent, a human shortened antibody is essential both for avoiding redundant immune responses and for providing rapid imaging. Therefore, we cloned a single‐chain fragment of variable regions (scFv) from a human‐derived gene sequence. This was achieved through the construction of a naïve phage library derived from human tonsil lymphocytes. Using a column with human recombinant MSLN, we carried out bio‐panning of phage‐variants by colony formation. We first obtained 120 clones that were subjected to selection in an ELISA using human recombinant MSLN as a solid phase antigen, and 15 phage clones of scFv with a different sequence were selected and investigated by flow cytometry (FCM). Then, six variants were selected and the individual scFv gene was synthesized in the VL and VH domains and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mammalian cell‐derived human‐origin scFv clones were analyzed by FCM again, and one MSLN highly specific scFv clone was established. PET imaging by 89Zr‐labeled scFv was done in mice bearing xenografts with MSLN‐expressing cancer cells, and tumor legions were successfully visualized. The scFv variant established in the present study may be potentially useful for cancer diagnosis by PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yakushiji
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Medical Life Science Faculty of Medical Bioscience Kyushu, University of Health and Welfare, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Takenaka
- Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kishi
- Department of Research and Development, Ina Institute, Medical & Biological Laboratories, Co., Ltd, Ina, Japan
| | - Midori Shinohara
- Department of Research and Development, Ina Institute, Medical & Biological Laboratories, Co., Ltd, Ina, Japan
| | - Masaru Akehi
- Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eiji Ohno
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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13
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Razmi N, Hasanzadeh M. Current advancement on diagnosis of ovarian cancer using biosensing of CA 125 biomarker: Analytical approaches. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Molecular imaging (mainly PET and MR imaging) has played important roles in gynecologic oncology. Emerging MR-based technologies, including DWI, CEST, DCE-MR imaging, MRS, and DNP, as well as FDG-PET and many novel PET radiotracers, will continuously improve practices. In combination with radiomics analysis, a new era of decision making in personalized medicine and precisely guided radiation treatment planning or real-time surgical interventions is being entered into, which will directly impact on patient survival. Prospective trials with well-defined endpoints are encouraged to evaluate the multiple facets of these emerging imaging tools in the management of gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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15
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Sharma SK, Wuest M, Way JD, Bouvet VR, Wang M, Wuest FR. Synthesis and pre-clinical evaluation of an (18)F-labeled single-chain antibody fragment for PET imaging of epithelial ovarian cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 6:185-198. [PMID: 27508105 PMCID: PMC4965523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anti-CA125 antibodies have been used in immunoassays to quantify levels of shed antigen in the serum of patients who are under surveillance for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, there is currently no molecular imaging probe in the clinic for the assessment of CA125 expression in vivo. The present study describes the development of an (18)F-labeled single-chain variable fragment (scFv) for PET imaging of CA125 in preclinical EOC models. Anti-CA125 scFv was derived from MAb-B43.13 by recombinant expression of the fragment in E.coli. Fragment scFv-B43.13 was purified via immobilized metal affinity chromatography and characterized for antigen binding via immuno-staining and flow cytometry. Prosthetic group N-succinimidyl 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB) was used for radiolabeling of scFv-B43.13. Preclinical ovarian cancer models were developed based on ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 (CA125-positive) and SKOV3 (CA125-negative) in NIH-III mice. The radiopharmacological profile of (18)F-labeled scFv-B43.13 ([(18)F]FBz-scFv-B43.13) was studied with PET. [(18)F]FBz-scFv-B43.13 was prepared in radiochemical yields of 3.7 ± 1.8% (n = 5) at an effective specific activity of 3.88 ± 0.76 GBq/µmol (n = 5). The radiotracer demonstrated selective uptake in CA125-positive OVCAR3 cells and virtually no uptake in CA125-negative SKOV3 cells. Standardized uptake values (SUV) of radioactivity uptake in OVCAR3 tumors was 0.5 (n = 3) and 0.3 (n = 2) in SKOV3 tumors after 60 min post injection (p.i.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jenilee D Way
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Vincent R Bouvet
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Monica Wang
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank R Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
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16
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Canese R, Mezzanzanica D, Bagnoli M, Indraccolo S, Canevari S, Podo F, Iorio E. In vivo Magnetic Resonance Metabolic and Morphofunctional Fingerprints in Experimental Models of Human Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:164. [PMID: 27446810 PMCID: PMC4923069 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the gynecological malignancy with the highest death rate, characterized by frequent relapse and onset of drug resistance. Disease diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up could benefit from application of molecular imaging approaches, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), able to monitor metabolic and functional alterations and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we overview the quantitative alterations that occur during either orthotopic or subcutaneous growth of preclinical EOC models. A common feature of (1)H MR spectra is the presence of a prominent peak due to total choline-containing metabolites (tCho), together with other metabolic alterations and MRI-detected morphofunctional patterns specific for different phenotypes. The tCho signal, already present at early stages of tumor growth, and changes of diffusion-weighted MRI parameters could serve as markers of malignancy and/or tumor response to therapy. The identification by MRS and MRI of biochemical and physiopathological fingerprints of EOC disease in preclinical models can represent a basis for further developments of non-invasive MR approaches in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Bagnoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, IOV – Istituto Oncologico Veneto – I.R.C.C.S, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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17
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Sharma SK, Sevak KK, Monette S, Carlin SD, Knight JC, Wuest FR, Sala E, Zeglis BM, Lewis JS. Preclinical 89Zr Immuno-PET of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer and Lymph Node Metastasis. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:771-6. [PMID: 26837339 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.167072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The elevation of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels in the serum of asymptomatic patients precedes the radiologic detection of high-grade serous ovarian cancer by at least 2 mo and the final clinical diagnosis by 5 mo. PET imaging of CA125 expression by ovarian cancer cells may enhance the evaluation of the extent of disease and provide a roadmap to surgery as well as detect recurrence and metastases. METHODS (89)Zr-labeled mAb-B43.13 was synthesized to target CA125 and evaluated via PET imaging and biodistribution studies in mice bearing OVCAR3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma xenografts. Ex vivo analysis of tumors and lymph nodes was performed via autoradiography, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PET imaging using (89)Zr-DFO-mAb-B43.13 (DFO is desferrioxamine) clearly delineated CA125-positive OVCAR3 xenografts as early as 24 h after the administration of the radioimmunoconjugate. Biodistribution studies revealed accretion of (89)Zr-DFO-mAb-B43.13 in the OVCAR3 tumors, ultimately reaching 22.3 ± 6.3 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 72 h after injection. Most interestingly, activity concentrations greater than 50 %ID/g were observed in the ipsilateral lymph nodes of the xenograft-bearing mice. Histopathologic analysis of the immuno-PET-positive lymph nodes revealed the presence of grossly metastasized ovarian cancer cells within the lymphoid tissues. In control experiments, only low-level, non-specific uptake of (89)Zr-labeled isotype IgG was observed in OVCAR3 tumors; similarly, low-activity concentrations of (89)Zr-DFO-mAb-B43.13 accumulated in CA125-negative SKOV3 tumors. CONCLUSION Immuno-PET with (89)Zr-labeled mAb-B43.13 is a potential strategy for the noninvasive delineation of extent of disease and may add value in treatment planning and treatment monitoring of high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kuntal K Sevak
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Sean D Carlin
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James C Knight
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank R Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Evis Sala
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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18
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Yoon A, Shin JW, Kim S, Kim H, Chung J. Chicken scFvs with an Artificial Cysteine for Site-Directed Conjugation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146907. [PMID: 26764487 PMCID: PMC4713166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For the site-directed conjugation of chemicals and radioisotopes to the chicken-derived single-chain variable fragment (scFv), we investigated amino acid residues replaceable with cysteine. By replacing each amino acid of the 157 chicken variable region framework residues (FR, 82 residues on VH and 75 on VL) with cysteine, 157 artificial cysteine mutants were generated and characterized. At least 27 residues on VL and 37 on VH could be replaced with cysteine while retaining the binding activity of the original scFv. We prepared three VL (L5, L6 and L7) and two VH (H13 and H16) mutants as scFv-Ckappa fusion proteins and showed that PEG-conjugation to the sulfhydryl group of the artificial cysteine was achievable in all five mutants. Because the charge around the cysteine residue affects the in vivo stability of thiol-maleimide conjugation, we prepared 16 charge-variant artificial cysteine mutants by replacing the flanking residues of H13 with charged amino acids and determined that the binding activity was not affected in any of the mutants except one. We prepared four charge-variant H13 artificial cysteine mutants (RCK, DCE, ECD and ECE) as scFv-Ckappa fusion proteins and confirmed that the reactivity of the sulfhydryl group on cysteine is active and their binding activity is retained after the conjugation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aerin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Won Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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19
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Yap KK, Neuhaus SJ. Making cancer visible--Dyes in surgical oncology. Surg Oncol 2015; 25:30-6. [PMID: 26979638 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dyes share an intricate relationship with oncology. Dyes can cause cancer as chemical carcinogens, but can also be harnessed against cancer when used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Histopathology, imaging, and newer molecular diagnostics all rely on dyes, and their use in sentinel lymph node biopsies and intra-operative imaging has helped drive a paradigm shift in cancer surgery towards minimally-invasive and organ sparing approaches with enhanced resection accuracy. As therapeutic agents, the cytotoxicity of specific dyes can be employed in direct chemo-ablation or in photodynamic therapy. The same agent can have dual functionalities in cancer detection and treatment, in a novel field known as theranostics. This is facilitated by newer generation dyes conjugated with tumour-targeting probes such as antibodies, and these bio-conjugate agents can also incorporate nanotechnology or radio-isotopes. Further advances will be closely aligned with our increasing understanding of molecular oncology, and will form a new generation of cancer detection and treatment agents that promote precision medicine for cancer. Dyes and their roles have evolved and been reinvented, but they remain relevant as ever. This review explores the fascinating history of dyes, and their place in the state-of-the-art of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiryu K Yap
- Discipline of Medicine & Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Susan J Neuhaus
- Discipline of Medicine & Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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