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Lopes CE, Weyh TS, Moni CA, Dias ME, Gomes TAT, da Costa MM, Ramos RTJ, Góes-Neto A, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Brenig B, Siqueira FM. Comparative genetic and pathogenic approaches of Escherichia coli isolated simultaneously from pyometra and urine of bitches. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1755-1768. [PMID: 38546809 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) are widely related to pyometra and cystitis in dogs, and these infections can occur simultaneously. The goal of this study was to determine genetic and pathogenic insights of 14 E. coli isolated simultaneously from pyometra content and bladder urine of seven bitches. To achieve this, in silico and in vitro comparative analyses were conducted. Whole-genome comparisons demonstrated that E. coli isolated from pyometra and urine of the same animal were predominantly genetic extraintestinal E. coli clones belonging to the same Sequence Type and phylogroup. The E. coli clones identified in this study included ST372, ST457, ST12, ST127, ST646, and ST961. Five isolates (35.7%) belonged to the ST12 complex. Except for two E. coli, all other isolates belonged to the B2 Clermont phylogroup. Interestingly, some genomes of E. coli from urine carried more virulence genes than those E. coli from pyometra. Both pyometra and urine E. coli isolates demonstrated a strong affinity for adhering to HeLa and T24 cells, with a low affinity for invading them. However, certain isolates from urine exhibited a greater tendency to adhere to T24 cells in qualitative and quantitative assays compared to isolates from pyometra. In conclusion, this study revealed the high genomic similarity between pyometra and urine E. coli isolates, as well as the virulent capacity of both to colonize endometrial and urothelial cells. The findings of this study underscore the importance of concurrently managing both infections clinically and could potentially contribute to future resources for the prevention of cystitis and pyometra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiane Elisabete Lopes
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary School, Federal University of Rio Grande Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainara Soares Weyh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary School, Federal University of Rio Grande Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camila Azevedo Moni
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary School, Federal University of Rio Grande Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Dias
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary School, Federal University of Rio Grande Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tania Aparecida Tardelli Gomes
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bertram Brenig
- Department of Molecular Biology of Livestock, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary School, Federal University of Rio Grande Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Xavier RGC, Santana CH, da Silva PHS, Paraguassú AO, Nicolino RR, Freitas PMC, Santos RDL, Silva ROS. Association between bacterial pathogenicity, endometrial histological changes and clinical prognosis in canine pyometra. Theriogenology 2024; 214:118-123. [PMID: 37865019 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high frequency and clinical relevance of canine pyometra, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, the clinical data, histopathological alterations, and microbiological findings of 39 dogs with pyometra were analyzed to assess possible associations. The mean age of the affected animals was 9.6 ± 3.8 years; 76.3 % (29/38) had open cervix pyometra, 88 % (22/25) had tachypnea, 71 % (27/38) had anorexia, and 60.5 % (23/38) had leukocytosis. Histopathological analysis revealed that 66.5 % (26/39) of the uteri had a high degree of inflammation (score 4). Third-degree hyperplasia of the endometrial epithelium (72 %, 28/39) and intralesional or intrauterine bacteria (66.5 %, 26/39) were identified in most animals. Bacterial isolates were obtained from 82 % (32/39) of the uterine contents and five bacterial species were identified. Escherichia coli, classified in phylogroup B2, is associated with virulent adhesion genes (fimH, focG, and papC), and serum resistance (traT) was the most common isolate. There was an association between the detection of papC in E. coli isolates and higher necrosis scores. Additionally, the necrosis score was positively associated with the length of hospitalization, with each point increase in the necrosis score leading to two more days of hospitalization. These results suggest that papC-positive E. coli play an important role in the severity of pyometra in dogs. The present study revealed the possibility of using this virulence gene to better understand the prognosis of the disease in an affected animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gariglio Clark Xavier
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Helena Santana
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Paloma Helena Sanches da Silva
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Amanda Oliveira Paraguassú
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael Romero Nicolino
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Coletto Freitas
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Renato de Lima Santos
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil.
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Abstract
Pyometra is a common disease in intact bitches and queens and occurs, although less frequently, in most other female pets. In bitches and queens, the illness is generally diagnosed within 4 months after estrus, in middle-aged to older individuals. Complications such as peritonitis, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome are not uncommon and associated with more severe illness. Ovary-sparing surgical options such as hysterectomy could be considered in individuals with high-risk for detrimental side effects of spaying or without infection of the uterus but has not yet been evaluated for safety in pyometra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden.
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Xavier RGC, da Silva PHS, Trindade HD, Carvalho GM, Nicolino RR, Freitas PMC, Silva ROS. Characterization of Escherichia coli in Dogs with Pyometra and the Influence of Diet on the Intestinal Colonization of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050245. [PMID: 35622773 PMCID: PMC9144190 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its high frequency and clinical relevance, the pathogenesis of canine pyometra remains poorly understood. The most accepted hypothesis is that bacteria involved ascend from the intestinal tract, causing the uterine infection. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the most frequent pathogen in canine pyometra, accounting for 57–100% of cases. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of phylogenetic groups and virulence factors in E. coli strains isolated from the uterine and rectal swabs of bitches with pyometra (n = 72) and from rectal swabs from healthy bitches fed commercial dry feed (n = 53) or a raw meat-based diet (RMBD; n = 38). A total of 512 strains of E. coli were isolated and divided into five categories according to the origin of the sample: 120 isolates from the uterine content of dogs with E. coli pyometra, 102 from the feces of bitches with E. coli pyometra, 75 from the feces of bitches without E. coli pyometra, 130 feces samples from healthy dogs fed commercial feed, and 85 feces samples from healthy dogs fed a raw meat-based diet. E. coli strains belonging to the B2 phylogroup and positive for virulence factor genes associated with adhesion (fimbriae type P [papC]) and production of toxins (α-hemolysin [hlyA] and uropathogenic specific protein [usp]) predominated in the uterine content and rectal swabs of bitches with E. coli pyometra. Interestingly, a lower growth rate of E. coli from the B2 phylogroup was observed in dogs fed a RMBD than in those fed commercial dry feed. The present study suggests that intestinal colonization by certain types of E. coli could be a risk factor for the occurrence of E. coli pyometra in bitches and that diet can influence intestinal colonization by such strains.
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Szczubiał M, Kankofer M, Wawrzykowski J, Dąbrowski R, Bochniarz M, Brodzki P. Activity of the glycosidases β-galactosidase, α-l-fucosidase, β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, and sialidase in uterine tissues from female dogs in diestrus with and without pyometra. Theriogenology 2022; 177:133-139. [PMID: 34700070 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the activity of selected glycosidases (β-galactosidase, α-l-fucosidase, β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase, and sialidase) in homogenates of uterine tissues obtained from female dogs with and without pyometra. In addition, it examined the availability of substrates for these glycosidases in the homogenates. The study was carried out on female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy for pyometra (n = 10) and clinically healthy dogs (n = 10) undergoing elective spaying. The activity of β-galactosidase, α-l-fucosidase, and β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase was analyzed using a spectrofluorometer and that of sialidase using a colorimetric method. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Alcian Blue (AB) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was performed to determine the presence of substrates for these glycosidases in the homogenates of uterine tissues. The results revealed that the activity of all the examined glycosidases was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the uterine tissues isolated from dogs with pyometra in comparison to healthy dogs. The electrophoretic patterns of the selected samples showed several proteins, which contained different sugar moieties stained by AB and PAS and the profiles differed significantly between the pyometra group and the healthy group. Densitometric analysis of AB staining showed patterns between 233 and 148, 86 and 55, and 43 and 20 kDa, which differed markedly in sugar content between the examined groups of animals. Similarly, PAS staining analysis revealed patterns of different molecular weights, between 233 and 117 and between 55 and 32 kDa, which also differed in sugar content. These findings suggest that canine pyometra is accompanied by the increase in the activity of selected glycosidases in the uterus. This could potentially modify the glycan structures of uterine glycoproteins and in result their biological functions. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential role of the increased activity of glycosidases in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głeboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
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Raheel IAER, Hassan WH, Salem SSR, Salam HSH. Biofilm forming potentiality of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine endometritis and their antibiotic resistance profiles. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:442-451. [PMID: 33005670 PMCID: PMC7521812 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to determine the biofilm-forming capability and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli recovered from bovine endometritis samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 uterine specimens were collected from cows suffering from endometritis for bacteriological examination. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out for all isolated E. coli by using the disc diffusion method. The isolates were phenotypically studied for biofilm-forming ability by cultivation on yeast extract -casamino acids Congo red agar (CRA). Some randomly selected isolates were chosen for the molecular identification of some virulence and resistance genes. RESULTS A total of 58(48.3%) E. coli isolates could be isolated from the 120 samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing exhibited that 91.4%, 79.3%, 79.3%, 74.1%, and 58.6% of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, and sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim, respectively. On the other hand, 91.4% and 70.7% isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and doxycycline, respectively. Cultivation on CRA revealed that 46.6% of isolates were biofilm producers. The molecular detection of resistance and virulence genes declared that all isolates harbored bla TEM, sul1, tetA, qnrS, bla CTX-M , and fimH with a percentage of 100%, papC (40%), and hlyA (10%). FimH was the most prevalent biofilm-associated gene. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the high prevalence of multi-drug- resistant E. coli associated with bovine endometritis. The detection of the fimH gene is circumstantial evidenced that this gene has a crucial role in biofilm formation in intrauterine pathogenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walid Hamdy Hassan
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shaaban Salem Radwan Salem
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hala Sayed Hassan Salam
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Qian C, Jiang C, Hou J. The endometrium histopathology and cell ultrastructure in bitches with pyometra induced using progesterone and Escherichia coli. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101414. [PMID: 32835946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated uterine histopathological and ultrastructural changes in female dogs with pyometra induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) inoculation using progesterone and/or estradiol. METHODS Dogs were ovariectomized and classified into six groups: Groups 1-6 corresponding to estradiol treatment followed by progesterone supplementation, progesterone supplementation only, estradiol supplementation only, simultaneous treatment using estradiol and progesterone, similar to Group 1 but with a double dose, and control group, respectively. RESULTS Pyometra was successfully induced in Groups 1, 2, 4, and 5, but not in Group 3. An uneven endometrial surface was observed, along with a purulent discharge, bleeding, inflammatory lesions, cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) or cystic endometrial atrophy. Endometrial thickness percentage, uterine wall thickness, and the percentage of endometrial cyst area increased. Endometrial epithelial mushroom-like hyperplasia and the honeycomb-like structure exposed under the epithelium after flaky exfoliation were found, and the glandular epithelial villi became longer or shorter. Mitochondria expansion and increased lysosome were observed. Endoplasmic reticulum dilation and swelling and many inflammatory cells, especially plasma cell infiltration in the stroma, were found. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial histopathology and ultrastructural changes in affected dogs were accompanied by induction of pyometra, and they were affected by different hormonal patterns and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunzhong Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiafa Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Dias JNR, Lopes M, Peleteiro C, Vicente G, Nunes T, Mateus L, Aires-da-Silva F, Tavares L, Gil S. Canine multicentric lymphoma exhibits systemic and intratumoral cytokine dysregulation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 218:109940. [PMID: 31561022 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is among the most common neoplasias in dogs and humans. Owing to remarkable similarities with its human counterpart, the canine lymphoma (cNHL) model has been proposed as a powerful framework for rapid and clinically relevant translation of novel immunotherapies. However, the establishment of cNHL as a predictive preclinical model has been hampered by the limited characterization of the canine immune system. Cytokines are key players of the interaction between tumor and its microenvironment. In human NHL, multiple cytokines have been linked to the development of lymphoma and are relevant biomarkers for treatment response and prognosis. In contrast, few studies have investigated cytokines in cNHL. Within this context, this study aimed to investigate cytokine regulation in cNHL. A multicentric cNHL biobank was successfully constructed. Cytokine mRNA profiles in tumor tissue and circulating PBMC were analyzed by qRT-PCR and compared to a healthy control group. Specific primers were used to evaluate Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses. Systemic cytokine concentrations were measured using a commercial canine multiplex assay which included IL-2, IL6, IL-10 and TNF-α, and compared to a healthy control group. Our results demonstrated a dysregulation of cytokine mRNA expression, representative of the tumor microenvironment and systemic response in cNHL. Intratumoral cytokine response revealed a significant downregulation of humoral and Th1 responses. The systemic response demonstrated a distinct mRNA pattern, however immunosuppression also prevailed. Cytokine serum quantification showed a significant increase of IL-10 concentration in cNHL. Significant differences in hematological parameters were described and a correlation between IL-6 protein serum levels and neutrophil count was shown. Finally, data analysis demonstrated that baseline pretreatment IFN-γ tissue mRNA levels were correlated to survival outcome, predicting a favorable response to chemotherapy. Altogether, these results revealed that cNHL presents a local and systemic dysregulation in cytokine response. By confirming and extending previous research, our work contributed for the evaluation of potential cytokine candidates for diagnostic, prognostic purposes and therapeutic intervention, therefore adding value to comparative oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana N R Dias
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Lopes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Conceição Peleteiro
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Gonçalo Vicente
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Telmo Nunes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Mateus
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Frederico Aires-da-Silva
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Solange Gil
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Singh LK, Patra MK, Mishra GK, Singh V, Upmanyu V, Saxena AC, Singh SK, Das GK, Kumar H, Krishnaswamy N. Endometrial transcripts of proinflammatory cytokine and enzymes in prostaglandin synthesis are upregulated in the bitches with atrophic pyometra. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 205:65-71. [PMID: 30459003 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory markers of endometrial origin are valuable in order to differentiate the pyometra from cystic endometrial hyperplasia in the bitch. In the present study, we hypothesized that histological categorization would distinguish the differential regulation of the proinflammatory genes in the endometrium of bitches with pyometra. Ovariohysterectomy was done on bitches with confirmatory diagnosis of pyometra (n = 18). Using endometrium to myometrium ratio of 0.79 as threshold, the uteri (n = 8/group) were categorized into hyperplastic pyometra (HP) and atrophic pyometra (AP). Two samples were excluded as the diagnosis was inconclusive. In parallel, endometrial tissue was collected for total RNA extraction to study the differential expression of TLR4, IL-6, IL-8, COX-2 and PGFS through real time PCR. Diestrus uterus of non-pyometra bitches (n = 6) served as control. The mean fold change (2-ΔΔCt) for the target genes was determined using β-actin as endogenous control and non-pyometra uterus as calibrator group. Except TLR4, other inflammatory genes were upregulated significantly by 1.82 to 3.74 times in the AP as compared to HP with maximum upregulation of COX-2 and PGFS. Further, correlation matrix with Spearman's rho revealed that IL-8 had strong positive correlation with COX-2 and PGFS in the AP group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that histological grading of pyometra into HP and AP revealed differential regulation of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes in the PG synthetic pathway in the canine endometrium that has diagnostic potential under clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laishram Kipjen Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Manas Kumar Patra
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - Girish Kumar Mishra
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Pathology Division, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Vikramaditya Upmanyu
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Abhishek C Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Das
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Narayanan Krishnaswamy
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
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