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Hou TT, Miao LL, Peng JS, Ma L, Huang Q, Liu Y, Wu MR, Ai GM, Liu SJ, Liu ZP. Dirammox Is Widely Distributed and Dependently Evolved in Alcaligenes and Is Important to Nitrogen Cycle. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:864053. [PMID: 35633697 PMCID: PMC9136411 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.864053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen cycle is an essential process for environmental health. Dirammox (direct ammonia oxidation), encoded by the dnfT1RT2ABCD cluster, was a novel pathway for microbial N2 production defined in Alcaligenes ammonioxydans HO-1. Here, a copy of the cluster dnfT1RT2ABCD as a whole was proved to have existed and very conserved in all Alcaligenes genomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and amino acid sequences of DnfAs, together with G + C content data, revealed that dnf cluster was evolved associated with the members of the genus Alcaligenes. Under 20% O2 conditions, 14 of 16 Alcaligenes strains showed Dirammox activity, which seemed likely taxon-related. However, the in vitro activities of DnfAs catalyzing the direct oxidation of hydroxylamine to N2 were not taxon-related but depended on the contents of Fe and Mn ions. The results indicated that DnfA is necessary but not sufficient for Dirammox activity. The fact that members of the genus Alcaligenes are widely distributed in various environments, including soil, water bodies (both freshwater and seawater), sediments, activated sludge, and animal–plant-associated environments, strongly suggests that Dirammox is important to the nitrogen cycle. In addition, Alcaligenes species are also commonly found in wastewater treatment plants, suggesting that they might be valuable resources for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Sen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Ru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Min Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Pei Liu,
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Application of a Partial Nitrogen Lab-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor for the Treatment of Organic Wastewater and Its N2O Production Pathways, and the Microbial Mechanism. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitrification (PN) is a widely used wastewater treatment process. Here a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor for PN (PN-SBR) was constructed and run with artificial organic wastewater for 225 days. Results showed that the SBR reached a stable PN state after 174 days of operation and >98% of NH4+-N was removed and >60% was converted to NO2−-N with low effluent NO3−-N content. In a PN-SBR cycle at stage IV, the release of N2O was accompanied by the production of hydroxylamine, occurring mainly in the conversion from anaerobic to aerobic phases, and the amount of N2O produced was about 6.3% of the total nitrogen. The N2O isotopic signature results suggested that hydroxylamine oxidation was the main pathway for N2O production. Illumina MiSeq sequencing results showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla throughout the operation period. Many heterotrophic nitrifiers were significantly enriched, leading to ammonia removal and nitrite accumulation, including Acidovorax, Paracoccus, Propionibacteriaceae_unclassified, Shinella, Comamonas and Brevundimonas. Representative strains were isolated from the reactor and they were capable of efficiently producing nitrite from ammonia. These results provide a guide for the direct running of PN reactors for treating organic wastewater and help to understand the microbial processes and N2O release pathways and the microbial mechanism of partial nitrification.
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Wu MR, Hou TT, Liu Y, Miao LL, Ai GM, Ma L, Zhu HZ, Zhu YX, Gao XY, Herbold CW, Wagner M, Li DF, Liu ZP, Liu SJ. Novel Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov. from wastewater treatment sludge oxidizes ammonia to N 2 with a previously unknown pathway. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6965-6980. [PMID: 34581470 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrophic nitrifiers are able to oxidize and remove ammonia from nitrogen-rich wastewaters but the genetic elements of heterotrophic ammonia oxidation are poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel heterotrophic nitrifier, Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov. strain HO-1, oxidizing ammonia to hydroxylamine and ending in the production of N2 gas. Genome analysis revealed that strain HO-1 encoded a complete denitrification pathway but lacks any genes coding for homologous to known ammonia monooxygenases or hydroxylamine oxidoreductases. Our results demonstrated strain HO-1 denitrified nitrite (not nitrate) to N2 and N2 O at anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively. Further experiments demonstrated that inhibition of aerobic denitrification did not stop ammonia oxidation and N2 production. A gene cluster (dnfT1RT2ABCD) was cloned from strain HO-1 and enabled E. coli accumulated hydroxylamine. Sub-cloning showed that genetic cluster dnfAB or dnfABC already enabled E. coli cells to produce hydroxylamine and further to 15 N2 from (15 NH4 )2 SO4 . Transcriptome analysis revealed these three genes dnfA, dnfB and dnfC were significantly upregulated in response to ammonia stimulation. Taken together, we concluded that strain HO-1 has a novel dnf genetic cluster for ammonia oxidation and this dnf genetic cluster encoded a previously unknown pathway of direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) to N2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Min Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Craig W Herbold
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - De-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266273, China
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Li L, Liu D, Li Z, Song K, He Y. Evaluation of microplastic polyvinylchloride and antibiotics tetracycline co-effect on the partial nitrification process. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111671. [PMID: 33181944 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the co-effect of microplastic polyvinylchloride and antibiotics tetracycline to partial nitrification process in treating high ammonia wastewater. The average ammonia oxidation rate of all reactors was 53.58, 56.17 and 42.08 mg·N/L·h in round 1, round 7 and round 13, respectively. The ammonia oxidation rate was reduced to 89.40%, 79.08%, 80.60%, 73.37%, 69.50%, 75.72%, 98.93% and 66.04% from 1st round of test to 13th round of test at reactor R1 to R8. The average nitrosation rate was always over 80% in all conditions tested. Tetracycline removal rate was attributed to sludge adsorption in all reactors and was increased continuously with the increment of tetracycline concentration. The nitrous oxide emission was keep decreasing from round 1 to round 13 in all reactors tested. The microbial community results revealed that with the existence of tetracycline and microplastics, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes were reduced and Proteobacteria were increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhouyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanjiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
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Huang Q, Du WL, Miao LL, Liu Y, Liu ZP. Microbial community dynamics in an ANAMMOX reactor for piggery wastewater treatment with startup, raising nitrogen load, and stable performance. AMB Express 2018; 8:156. [PMID: 30276499 PMCID: PMC6167272 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial community dynamics of the ANAMMOX reactor of an integrated “UASB + SHARON + ANAMMOX” system for treating piggery wastewater were investigated using the Illumina MiSeq method with samples obtained at ~ 2-week intervals during a 314-day period. With aerobic activated sludge as seeds and low content artificial wastewater (NH4+–N 50 mg/L; NO2−–N 55 mg/L) as influent for the ANAMMOX reactor, nitrogen removal was initially observed on day 38 with a removal rate 1.3 mg N L−1 day−1, and increased to 90.4 mg N L−1 day−1 on day 55 with almost complete removal of ammonia and nitrite, indicating a successful startup of the reactor. Increasing influent load stepwise to NH4+–N 272.7 mg/L/NO2−–N 300 mg/L, nitrogen removal rate increased gradually to 470 mg N L−1 day−1 on day 228, and maintained a stable level (~ 420 mg N L−1 day−1) following introduction of SHARON effluent since day 229. Correlation between microbial community dynamics and nitrogen removal capability was significant (r = 0.489, p < 0.001). Microbial community composition was determined by influent ammonia, influent nitrite, effluent nitrate and some undefined factors. Anammox bacteria, accounting for ~ 98.7% of Planctomycetes, became detectable (0.03% relative abundance) since day 38 and increased to 0.9% on day 58, well consistent with nitrogen removal performance of the reactor. Relative abundance of anammox bacteria gradually increased to 38.4% on day 140 with stepwise increased influent load; decreased to 0.4% on day 169 because of nitrite inhibition; increased to 19.24% on day 233 when the influent load was dropped; kept at ~ 9.0% with SHARON effluent used as influent and dropped to 3.3% finally. Anammox bacteria, only Candidatus Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia detected, were the most abundant at genus level. Ca. Brocadia related taxa were enriched firstly under low load and detectable during the entire experimental period. Three main groups represented by Ca. Brocadia related OTUs were enriched or eliminated at different loads, but Ca. Kuenenia related taxa were enriched only under high load (NO2−–N > 300 mg/L), suggesting their different niches and application for different loads. These findings improve the understanding of relationships among microbial community/functional taxa, running parameters and reactor performance, and will be useful in optimizing running parameters for rapid startup and high, stable efficiency.
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