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Gillespie C, Kleinberg F, Zogas A, Morreale A, Ourth H, Tran M, Moore T, Miller D, McCullough M. Perceptions of clinical pharmacy specialists' contributions in mental health clinical teams. Ment Health Clin 2022; 12:15-22. [PMID: 35116208 PMCID: PMC8788298 DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health (MH) clinical pharmacy specialists (CPS) are increasingly functioning as integral providers in MH care teams. MH providers may delegate many medication management tasks to the CPS. As there is a shortage of primary care and specialist MH providers, CPS are increasingly being utilized in MH care clinics. We assess provider and CPS perceptions of the contributions of CPS to MH clinical teams in the Veterans Health Administration. Methods We examined the roles and functions of CPS in MH clinics through surveys (n = 374) and semistructured interviews (n = 16) with MH CPS and other members of MH clinical teams (psychiatrists, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, social workers) to gain insight into how CPS were integrated in these settings. We assessed perceptions of CPS contributions to MH teams, interactions between CPS and other providers, and challenges of integrating CPS into MH clinical teams. Results Contributions of CPS in MH were received positively by clinical team members. Clinical pharmacy specialists providing comprehensive medication management were especially valuable in the management of clozapine. The knowledge and training of CPS reassured providers who frequently referred to them with questions about medication and medication therapy management. MH CPS were also perceived to be received well by patients. Discussion The integration of MH CPS into MH teams was well received by team members and patients alike. The MH CPS have become important members of the MH team and are widely viewed as being able to improve access, quality, and workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicia Kleinberg
- Health Science Specialist, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation (CHOIR), VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Zogas
- Research Health Scientist, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation (CHOIR), VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony Morreale
- Associate Chief Consultant for Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Practice Office, Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC
| | - Heather Ourth
- Assistant Chief Consultant for Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Practice Office, Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC
| | - Michael Tran
- National Pharmacy Benefits Management Program Manager, Clinical Pharmacy Practice Office, Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC
| | - Tera Moore
- National Pharmacy Benefits Management Program Manager, Clinical Pharmacy Practice Office, Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC
| | - Donald Miller
- Research Health Scientist, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation (CHOIR), VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts; Research Health Scientist, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Zuckerberg School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Megan McCullough
- Research Health Scientist, Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation (CHOIR), VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts; Research Health Scientist, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Zuckerberg School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Lowell, Massachusetts
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Rose AJ, Witt D, Azran C, Nissan R. Seven key parameters that facilitate clinical pharmacy practice: a comparison between Israel and the United States. Isr J Health Policy Res 2021; 10:37. [PMID: 34193277 PMCID: PMC8246679 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-021-00476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pharmacists have advanced training that enables them to manage medication therapy, including prescribing, titrating, and discontinuing medications, in order to achieve therapeutic goals. In some countries, such as the United States, advances in training, responsibility, legal frameworks, and public acceptance of new roles have proceeded in parallel to expand the scope and contribution of clinical pharmacists over several decades. In this manuscript, we detail seven discrete key parameters of professional advancement for clinical pharmacists, corresponding to the seven areas in which they must advance in order to contribute fully to delivering high-quality medical care. For each key parameter, we briefly summarize the progress made in the United States to date, as well as goals for future progress. We then compare this to the development of the analogous key parameter in Israel. We found that on some key parameters, the development of clinical pharmacy in Israel lags behind the United States. This manuscript can provide a roadmap for the future advancement of clinical pharmacy in Israel, toward its full realization as a profession that can contribute to delivering high-quality medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rose
- Hebrew University School of Public Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Daniel Witt
- University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacotherapy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carmil Azran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Herzliya Medical Center, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Ran Nissan
- Pharmacy Services, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Beit Rivka Geriatric Rehabilitation Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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