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Surguchov A, Surguchev AA. Association between Parkinson's Disease and Cancer: New Findings and Possible Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3899. [PMID: 38612708 PMCID: PMC11011322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence points to an inverse association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and almost all cancers except melanoma, for which this association is positive. The results of multiple studies have demonstrated that patients with PD are at reduced risk for the majority of neoplasms. Several potential biological explanations exist for the inverse relationship between cancer and PD. Recent results identified several PD-associated proteins and factors mediating cancer development and cancer-associated factors affecting PD. Accumulating data point to the role of genetic traits, members of the synuclein family, neurotrophic factors, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, circulating melatonin, and transcription factors as mediators. Here, we present recent data about shared pathogenetic factors and mediators that might be involved in the association between these two diseases. We discuss how these factors, individually or in combination, may be involved in pathology, serve as links between PD and cancer, and affect the prevalence of these disorders. Identification of these factors and investigation of their mechanisms of action would lead to the discovery of new targets for the treatment of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Surguchov
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Alexei A Surguchev
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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2
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Yuan C, Liu S, Yang K, Xie F, Li Y, Guo Y, Zhao W, Zhang J, Cheng Z. Causal association between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2024; 14:1180905. [PMID: 38250575 PMCID: PMC10797121 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1180905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease are both common life-threatening diseases in the elderly population. Some studies suggest a possible inverse relationship between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease, but real-world research is subject to many biases. We hope to clarify the causal relationship between the two through a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Methods: In our study, we used genetic summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies to investigate the relationship between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Our primary analysis employed the inverse-variance weighted method and we also used complementary techniques, including MR-Egger, weighted median estimator, and Maximum likelihood. We applied simex adjustment to the MR-Egger results. We also utilized the MRlap package to detect potential sample overlap and its impact on the bias of the results. In addition, we performed several sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses, to ensure the reliability of our results. Results: The combined effect size results of the inverse-variance weighted method indicate that colorectal cancer may decrease the incidence of Alzheimer's disease, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.846 (95% CI: 0.762-0.929). Similar results were observed using other methods such as MR-Egger, weighted median estimator, and Maximum likelihood. On the other hand, Alzheimer's disease may slightly increase the incidence of colorectal cancer, with an OR of 1.014 (95% CI: 1.001-1.027). However, the results of one subgroup were not significant, and the results from MRlap indicated that sample overlap introduced bias into the results. Therefore, the results of the reverse validation are not reliable. The F-statistic for all SNPs was greater than 20. Four SNPs related to the outcome were excluded using Phenoscanner website but the adjustment did not affect the overall direction of the results. The results of these statistics were further validated by MR-PRESSO, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, Cochran's Q, demonstrating the reliability of the findings. Conclusion: According to the findings of this Mendelian randomization study, there appears to be a causal association between colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. These results could have important implications for clinical practice in terms of how colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease are treated. To better understand the relationship between these two diseases, more research and screening are needed in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Yuan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyu Xie
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Oncology Department, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medicine University, Beijing, China
| | - Yantong Guo
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Shaver N, Katz M, Darko Asamoah G, Linkins LA, Abdelkader W, Beck A, Bennett A, Hughes SE, Smith M, Begin M, Coyle D, Piggott T, Kagina BM, Welch V, Colijn C, Earn DJD, El Emam K, Heffernan J, O'Brien SF, Wilson K, Collins E, Navarro T, Beyene J, Boutron I, Bowdish D, Cooper C, Costa A, Curran J, Griffith L, Hsu A, Grimshaw J, Langlois MA, Li X, Pham-Huy A, Raina P, Rubini M, Thabane L, Wang H, Xu L, Brouwers M, Horsley T, Lavis J, Iorio A, Little J. Protocol for a living evidence synthesis on variants of concern and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness. Vaccine 2023; 41:6411-6418. [PMID: 37718186 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is evident that COVID-19 will remain a public health concern in the coming years, largely driven by variants of concern (VOC). It is critical to continuously monitor vaccine effectiveness as new variants emerge and new vaccines and/or boosters are developed. Systematic surveillance of the scientific evidence base is necessary to inform public health action and identify key uncertainties. Evidence syntheses may also be used to populate models to fill in research gaps and help to prepare for future public health crises. This protocol outlines the rationale and methods for a living evidence synthesis of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with, and transmission of, VOC of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Living evidence syntheses of vaccine effectiveness will be carried out over one year for (1) a range of potential outcomes in the index individual associated with VOC (pathogenesis); and (2) transmission of VOC. The literature search will be conducted up to May 2023. Observational and database-linkage primary studies will be included, as well as RCTs. Information sources include electronic databases (MEDLINE; Embase; Cochrane, L*OVE; the CNKI and Wangfang platforms), pre-print servers (medRxiv, BiorXiv), and online repositories of grey literature. Title and abstract and full-text screening will be performed by two reviewers using a liberal accelerated method. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be completed by one reviewer with verification of the assessment by a second reviewer. Results from included studies will be pooled via random effects meta-analysis when appropriate, or otherwise summarized narratively. DISCUSSION Evidence generated from our living evidence synthesis will be used to inform policy making, modelling, and prioritization of future research on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Shaver
- Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Melanie Katz
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gideon Darko Asamoah
- Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lori-Ann Linkins
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Andrew Beck
- Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Alexandria Bennett
- Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sarah E Hughes
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Maureen Smith
- The Cochrane Consumer Network, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mpho Begin
- Cassidy e-Care Solutions Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Doug Coyle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Thomas Piggott
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Peterborough Public Health, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Benjamin M Kagina
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative; NITAGs Support Hub (NISH), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Vivian Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Caroline Colijn
- Department of mathematics, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - David J D Earn
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Jane Heffernan
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sheila F O'Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kumanan Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Erin Collins
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Joseph Beyene
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Boutron
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), F75004 Paris, France.
| | - Dawn Bowdish
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Curtis Cooper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Andrew Costa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Janet Curran
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lauren Griffith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Amy Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jeremy Grimshaw
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Xiaoguang Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Anne Pham-Huy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Parminder Raina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michele Rubini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Lan Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Melissa Brouwers
- Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tanya Horsley
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - John Lavis
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Alfonso Iorio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Julian Little
- Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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SanMartín CD, Salech F, Ponce DP, Concha-Cerda J, Romero-Hernández E, Liabeuf G, Rogers NK, Murgas P, Bruna B, More J, Behrens MI. Cancer History Avoids the Increase of Senescence Markers in Peripheral Cells of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impaired Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087364. [PMID: 37108527 PMCID: PMC10139139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that having a history of cancer protects from the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and vice versa, AD protects from cancer. The mechanism of this mutual protection is unknown. We have reported that the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of amnestic cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients have increased susceptibility to oxidative cell death compared to control subjects, and from the opposite standpoint a cancer history is associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress cell death in PBMCs, even in those subjects who have cancer history and aMCI (Ca + aMCI). Cellular senescence is a regulator of susceptibility to cell death and has been related to the pathophysiology of AD and cancer. Recently, we showed that cellular senescence markers can be tracked in PBMCs of aMCI patients, so we here investigated whether these senescence markers are dependent on having a history of cancer. Senescence-associated βeta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, G0-G1 phase cell-cycle arrest, p16 and p53 were analyzed by flow cytometry; phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) by immunofluorescence; IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA by qPCR; and plasmatic levels by ELISA. Senescence markers that were elevated in PBMCs of aMCI patients, such as SA-β-Gal, Go-G1 arrested cells, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression, and IL-8 plasmatic levels, were decreased in PBMCs of Ca + aMCI patients to levels similar to those of controls or of cancer survivors without cognitive impairment, suggesting that cancer in the past leaves a fingerprint that can be peripherally traceable in PBMC samples. These results support the hypothesis that the senescence process might be involved in the inverse association between cancer and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol D SanMartín
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Facultad de Medicina-Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380430, Chile
| | - Felipe Salech
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Facultad de Medicina-Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Daniela Paz Ponce
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Facultad de Medicina-Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Jorge Concha-Cerda
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Facultad de Medicina-Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Esteban Romero-Hernández
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Gianella Liabeuf
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Metabolismo Energético (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Nicole K Rogers
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Paola Murgas
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Bárbara Bruna
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Facultad de Medicina-Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Jamileth More
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Facultad de Medicina-Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Laboratorio de Psiquiatría Traslacional, Departamento de Psiquiatría Norte, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380539, Chile
| | - María I Behrens
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Facultad de Medicina-Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380430, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 8370065, Chile
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Catalá-López F, Driver JA, Page MJ, Hutton B, Ridao M, Berrozpe-Villabona C, Alonso-Arroyo A, Fraga-Medín CA, Bernal-Delgado E, Valencia A, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Design and methodological characteristics of studies using observational routinely collected health data for investigating the link between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases: protocol for a meta-research study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058738. [PMID: 35487732 PMCID: PMC9058779 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health services generate large amounts of routine health data (eg, administrative databases, disease registries and electronic health records), which have important secondary uses for research. Increases in the availability and the ability to access and analyse large amounts of data represent a major opportunity for conducting studies on the possible relationships between complex diseases. The objective of this study will be to evaluate the design, methods and reporting of studies conducted using observational routinely collected health data for investigating the link between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is the protocol for a meta-research study. We registered the study protocol within the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/h2qjg. We will evaluate observational studies (eg, cohort and case-control) conducted using routinely collected health data for investigating the associations between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease). The following electronic databases will be searched (from their inception onwards): MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection. Screening and selection of articles will be conducted by at least two researchers. Potential discrepancies will be resolved via discussion. Design, methods and reporting characteristics in each article will be extracted using a standardised data extraction form. Information on general, methodological and transparency items will be reported. We will summarise our findings with tables and graphs (eg, bar charts, forest plots). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Due to the nature of the proposed study, no ethical approval will be required. We plan to publish the full study in an open access peer-reviewed journal and disseminate the findings at scientific conferences and via social media. All data will be deposited in a cross-disciplinary public repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Health Planning and Economics, National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, Spain
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane A Driver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Hutton
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Ridao
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad de Información e Investigación Social y Sanitaria, University of Valencia, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Bernal-Delgado
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Valencia, Spain
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6
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Sampayo-Cordero M, Miguel-Huguet B, Malfettone A, Pérez-García JM, Llombart-Cussac A, Cortés J, Pardo A, Pérez-López J. The Impact of Excluding Nonrandomized Studies From Systematic Reviews in Rare Diseases: "The Example of Meta-Analyses Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Patients With Mucopolysaccharidosis". Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:690615. [PMID: 34239895 PMCID: PMC8257960 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.690615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonrandomized studies are usually excluded from systematic reviews. This could lead to loss of a considerable amount of information on rare diseases. In this article, we explore the impact of excluding nonrandomized studies on the generalizability of meta-analyses results on mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) disease. A comprehensive search of systematic reviews on MPS patients up to May 2020 was carried out (CRD42020191217). The primary endpoint was the rate of patients excluded from systematic reviews if only randomized studies were considered. Secondary outcomes included the differences in patient and study characteristics between randomized and nonrandomized studies, the methods used to combine data from studies with different designs, and the number of patients excluded from systematic reviews if case reports were not considered. More than 50% of the patients analyzed have been recruited in nonrandomized studies. Patient characteristics, duration of follow-up, and the clinical outcomes evaluated differ between the randomized and nonrandomized studies. There are feasible strategies to combine the data from different randomized and nonrandomized designs. The analyses suggest the relevance of including case reports in the systematic reviews, since the smaller the number of patients in the reference population, the larger the selection bias associated to excluding case reports. Our results recommend including nonrandomized studies in the systematic reviews of MPS to increase the representativeness of the results and to avoid a selection bias. The recommendations obtained from this study should be considered when conducting systematic reviews on rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Manuel Pérez-García
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain.,IOB Institute of Oncology, Quiron Salud Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Llombart-Cussac
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain.,IOB Institute of Oncology, Quiron Salud Group, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Pardo
- Albiotech Consultores y Redacción Científica S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-López
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Forés-Martos J, Boullosa C, Rodrigo-Domínguez D, Sánchez-Valle J, Suay-García B, Climent J, Falcó A, Valencia A, Puig-Butillé JA, Puig S, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Transcriptomic and Genetic Associations between Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122990. [PMID: 34203763 PMCID: PMC8232649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epidemiological studies have identified a link between neurodegenerative disorders and a reduced risk of overall cancer. Increases and decreases in the risk of site-specific cancers have also been reported. However, it is still unknown whether these associations arise due to shared genetic and molecular factors or are explained by other phenomena (e.g., biases in epidemiological studies or the use of medication). In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential molecular, genetic, and pharmacological links between Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and a large panel of 22 cancer types. To examine the overlapping involvement of genes and pathways, we obtained differential gene expression profiles through meta-analyses of post-mortem brain tissues from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease patients, primary tumors, and tissue-matched controls, and compared them. Genetic similarities were assessed through network-based methods and the computation of genetic correlations. Finally, the potential impact of drugs indicated for each disorder in the identified associations was evaluated using transcriptomic methods. Our research extends previous work in the field by identifying new significant patterns of transcriptomic associations (direct and inverse) between Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and different site-specific cancers. The results reveal significant genetic correlations between Parkinson’s disease, prostate cancer, and melanoma. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first time that the role of drugs indicated for the treatment of both sets of disorders has been investigated in the context of their comorbid associations using transcriptomic methods. Abstract Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD) are the two most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders in human populations. Epidemiological studies have shown that patients suffering from either condition present a reduced overall risk of cancer than controls (i.e., inverse comorbidity), suggesting that neurodegeneration provides a protective effect against cancer. Reduced risks of several site-specific tumors, including colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers, have also been observed in AD and PD. By contrast, an increased risk of melanoma has been described in PD patients (i.e., direct comorbidity). Therefore, a fundamental question to address is whether these associations are due to shared genetic and molecular factors or are explained by other phenomena, such as flaws in epidemiological studies, exposure to shared risk factors, or the effect of medications. To this end, we first evaluated the transcriptomes of AD and PD post-mortem brain tissues derived from the hippocampus and the substantia nigra and analyzed their similarities to those of a large panel of 22 site-specific cancers, which were obtained through differential gene expression meta-analyses of array-based studies available in public repositories. Genes and pathways that were deregulated in both disorders in each analyzed pair were examined. Second, we assessed potential genetic links between AD, PD, and the selected cancers by establishing interactome-based overlaps of genes previously linked to each disorder. Then, their genetic correlations were computed using cross-trait LD score regression and GWAS summary statistics data. Finally, the potential role of medications in the reported comorbidities was assessed by comparing disease-specific differential gene expression profiles to an extensive collection of differential gene expression signatures generated by exposing cell lines to drugs indicated for AD, PD, and cancer treatment (LINCS L1000). We identified significant inverse associations of transcriptomic deregulation between AD hippocampal tissues and breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancers, and between PD substantia nigra tissues and breast, lung, and prostate cancers. Moreover, significant direct (same direction) associations of deregulation were observed between AD and PD and brain and thyroid cancers, as well as between PD and kidney cancer. Several biological processes, including the immune system, oxidative phosphorylation, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and the cell cycle, were found to be deregulated in both cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Significant genetic correlations were found between PD and melanoma and prostate cancers. Several drugs indicated for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, such as galantamine, selegiline, exemestane, and estradiol, were identified as potential modulators of the comorbidities observed between neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Forés-Martos
- Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- ESI International Chair@CEU-UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, San Bartolomé 55, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (B.S.-G.); (J.C.); (A.F.)
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Ciencias Tecnológicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, San Bartolomé 55, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | | | - David Rodrigo-Domínguez
- Consorcio Hospital General de Valencia, Servicio de Medicina Interna, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jon Sánchez-Valle
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-V.); (A.V.)
| | - Beatriz Suay-García
- ESI International Chair@CEU-UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, San Bartolomé 55, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (B.S.-G.); (J.C.); (A.F.)
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Ciencias Tecnológicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, San Bartolomé 55, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | - Joan Climent
- ESI International Chair@CEU-UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, San Bartolomé 55, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (B.S.-G.); (J.C.); (A.F.)
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | - Antonio Falcó
- ESI International Chair@CEU-UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, San Bartolomé 55, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (B.S.-G.); (J.C.); (A.F.)
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Ciencias Tecnológicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, San Bartolomé 55, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-V.); (A.V.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butillé
- Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic and August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco-Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1865-617-855
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8
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Battaglia C, Venturin M, Sojic A, Jesuthasan N, Orro A, Spinelli R, Musicco M, De Bellis G, Adorni F. Candidate Genes and MiRNAs Linked to the Inverse Relationship Between Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease: Insights From Data Mining and Enrichment Analysis. Front Genet 2019; 10:846. [PMID: 31608105 PMCID: PMC6771301 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases exponentially with age. A growing body of epidemiological evidence and molecular investigations inspired the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between these two pathologies. It has been proposed that the two diseases might utilize the same proteins and pathways that are, however, modulated differently and sometimes in opposite directions. Investigation of the common processes underlying these diseases may enhance the understanding of their pathogenesis and may also guide novel therapeutic strategies. Starting from a text-mining approach, our in silico study integrated the dispersed biological evidence by combining data mining, gene set enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses while searching for common biological hallmarks linked to AD and cancer. We retrieved 138 genes (ALZCAN gene set), computed a significant number of enriched gene ontology clusters, and identified four PPI modules. The investigation confirmed the relevance of autophagy, ubiquitin proteasome system, and cell death as common biological hallmarks shared by cancer and AD. Then, from a closer investigation of the PPI modules and of the miRNAs enrichment data, several genes (SQSTM1, UCHL1, STUB1, BECN1, CDKN2A, TP53, EGFR, GSK3B, and HSPA9) and miRNAs (miR-146a-5p, MiR-34a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-9-5p, and miR-16-5p) emerged as promising candidates. The integrative approach uncovered novel miRNA-gene networks (e.g., miR-146 and miR-34 regulating p62 and Beclin1 in autophagy) that might give new insights into the complex regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in AD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Segrate, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Marco Venturin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Sojic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Nithiya Jesuthasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Roberta Spinelli
- Istituto Istruzione Superiore Statale IRIS Versari, Cesano Maderno, Italy
| | - Massimo Musicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Gianluca De Bellis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Fulvio Adorni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
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9
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Forés-Martos J, Catalá-López F, Sánchez-Valle J, Ibáñez K, Tejero H, Palma-Gudiel H, Climent J, Pancaldi V, Fañanás L, Arango C, Parellada M, Baudot A, Vogt D, Rubenstein JL, Valencia A, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Transcriptomic metaanalyses of autistic brains reveals shared gene expression and biological pathway abnormalities with cancer. Mol Autism 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 31007884 PMCID: PMC6454734 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and clinical evidence points to cancer as a comorbidity in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A significant overlap of genes and biological processes between both diseases has also been reported. Methods Here, for the first time, we compared the gene expression profiles of ASD frontal cortex tissues and 22 cancer types obtained by differential expression meta-analysis and report gene, pathway, and drug set-based overlaps between them. Results Four cancer types (brain, thyroid, kidney, and pancreatic cancers) presented a significant overlap in gene expression deregulations in the same direction as ASD whereas two cancer types (lung and prostate cancers) showed differential expression profiles significantly deregulated in the opposite direction from ASD. Functional enrichment and LINCS L1000 based drug set enrichment analyses revealed the implication of several biological processes and pathways that were affected jointly in both diseases, including impairments of the immune system, and impairments in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis among others. Our data also suggest that brain and kidney cancer have patterns of transcriptomic dysregulation in the PI3K/AKT/MTOR axis that are similar to those found in ASD. Conclusions Comparisons of ASD and cancer differential gene expression meta-analysis results suggest that brain, kidney, thyroid, and pancreatic cancers are candidates for direct comorbid associations with ASD. On the other hand, lung and prostate cancers are candidates for inverse comorbid associations with ASD. Joint perturbations in a set of specific biological processes underlie these associations which include several pathways previously implicated in both cancer and ASD encompassing immune system alterations, impairments of energy metabolism, cell cycle, and signaling through PI3K and G protein-coupled receptors among others. These findings could help to explain epidemiological observations pointing towards direct and inverse comorbid associations between ASD and specific cancer types and depict a complex scenario regarding the molecular patterns of association between ASD and cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-019-0262-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Forés-Martos
- 1Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferrán Catalá-López
- 1Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,2Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco-Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,3INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,4Department of Health Planning and Economics, National School of Public Health/IMIENS, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Héctor Tejero
- 7Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Program (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Palma-Gudiel
- 1Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,8Anthropology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biomedicine Institute (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Climent
- 3INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,9Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Ramon y Cajal s/n 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vera Pancaldi
- 5Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- 1Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,8Anthropology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biomedicine Institute (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- 1Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- 1Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anaïs Baudot
- 11Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Vogt
- 12Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - John L Rubenstein
- 13Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA.,14Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- 5Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain.,15Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- 1Biomedical Research Networking Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,2Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco-Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,3INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Hu JX, Helleberg M, Jensen AB, Brunak S, Lundgren J. A Large-Cohort, Longitudinal Study Determines Precancer Disease Routes across Different Cancer Types. Cancer Res 2018; 79:864-872. [PMID: 30591553 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although many diseases are associated with cancer, the full spectrum of temporal disease correlations across cancer types has not yet been characterized. A population-wide study of longitudinal disease trajectories is needed to interrogate the general medical histories of patients with cancer. Here we performed a retrospective study covering a 20-year period, using 6.9 million patients from the Danish National Patient Registry linked to 0.7 million patients with cancer from the Danish Cancer Registry. Statistical analysis identified all significant disease associations occurring prior to cancer diagnoses. These associations were used to build frequently occurring, longitudinal disease trajectories. Across 17 cancer types, a total of 648 significant diagnoses correlated directly with a cancer, while 168 diagnosis trajectories of time-ordered steps were identified for seven cancer types. The most common diseases across cancer types involved cardiovascular, obesity, and genitourinary diseases. A comprehensive, publicly available web tool of interactive illustrations for all cancer disease associations is provided. By exploring the precancer landscape using this large dataset, we identify disease associations that can be used to derive mechanistic hypotheses for future cancer research. SIGNIFICANCE: This study offers an innovative approach to examine prediagnostic disease and cancer development in a large national population-based setting and provides a publicly available tool to foster additional cancer surveillance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica X Hu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Helleberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases (PERSIMUNE @ CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders B Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lundgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases (PERSIMUNE @ CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Fusar-Poli P, Radua J. Ten simple rules for conducting umbrella reviews. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2018; 21:95-100. [PMID: 30006442 PMCID: PMC10270421 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2018-300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence syntheses such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide a rigorous and transparent knowledge base for translating clinical research into decisions, and thus they represent the basic unit of knowledge in medicine. Umbrella reviews are reviews of previously published systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Therefore, they represent one of the highest levels of evidence synthesis currently available, and are becoming increasingly influential in biomedical literature. However, practical guidance on how to conduct umbrella reviews is relatively limited. METHODS We present a critical educational review of published umbrella reviews, focusing on the essential practical steps required to produce robust umbrella reviews in the medical field. RESULTS The current manuscript discusses 10 key points to consider for conducting robust umbrella reviews. The points are: ensure that the umbrella review is really needed, prespecify the protocol, clearly define the variables of interest, estimate a common effect size, report the heterogeneity and potential biases, perform a stratification of the evidence, conduct sensitivity analyses, report transparent results, use appropriate software and acknowledge the limitations. We illustrate these points through recent examples from umbrella reviews and suggest specific practical recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The current manuscript provides a practical guidance for conducting umbrella reviews in medical areas. Researchers, clinicians and policy makers might use the key points illustrated here to inform the planning, conduction and reporting of umbrella reviews in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Catalá-López F, Alonso-Arroyo A, Page MJ, Hutton B, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Aleixandre-Benavent R. Mapping of global scientific research in comorbidity and multimorbidity: A cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189091. [PMID: 29298301 PMCID: PMC5751979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of comorbidity and multimorbidity poses major challenges to health services around the world. Analysis of scientific research in comorbidity and multimorbidity is limited in the biomedical literature. This study aimed to map global scientific research in comorbidity and multimorbidity to understand the maturity and growth of the area during the past decades. METHODS AND FINDINGS This was a cross-sectional analysis of the Web of Science. Searches were run from inception until November 8, 2016. We included research articles or reviews with no restrictions by language or publication date. Data abstraction was done by one researcher. A process of standardization was conducted by two researchers to unify different terms and grammatical variants and to remove typographical, transcription, and/or indexing errors. All potential discrepancies were resolved via discussion. Descriptive analyses were conducted (including the number of papers, citations, signatures, most prolific authors, countries, journals and keywords). Network analyses of collaborations between countries and co-words were presented. During the period 1970-2016, 85994 papers (64.0% in 2010-2016) were published in 3500 journals. There was wide diversity in the specialty of the journals, with psychiatry (16558 papers; 19.3%), surgery (9570 papers; 11.1%), clinical neurology (9275 papers; 10.8%), and general and internal medicine (7622 papers; 8.9%) the most common. PLOS One (1223 papers; 1.4%), the Journal of Affective Disorders (1154 papers; 1.3%), the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (727 papers; 0.8%), the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (634 papers; 0.7%) and Obesity Surgery (588 papers; 0.7%) published the largest number of papers. 168 countries were involved in the production of papers. The global productivity ranking was headed by the United States (37624 papers), followed by the United Kingdom (7355 papers), Germany (6899 papers) and Canada (5706 papers). Twenty authors who published 100 or more papers were identified; the most prolific authors were affiliated with Harvard Medical School, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, National Taiwan Normal University and China Medical University. The 50 most cited papers ("citation classics" with at least 1000 citations) were published in 20 journals, led by JAMA Psychiatry (11 papers) and JAMA (10 papers). The most cited papers provided contributions focusing on methodological aspects (e.g. Charlson Comorbidity Index, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, APACHE prognostic system), but also important studies on chronic diseases (e.g. epidemiology of mental disorders and its correlates by the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey, Fried's frailty phenotype or the management of obesity). CONCLUSIONS Ours is the first analysis of global scientific research in comorbidity and multimorbidity. Scientific production in the field is increasing worldwide with research leadership of Western countries, most notably, the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud, Valencia, Spain
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unidad de Información e Investigación Social y Sanitaria-UISYS, University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Matthew J. Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Aleixandre-Benavent
- Unidad de Información e Investigación Social y Sanitaria-UISYS, University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Ingenio-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Universitat Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
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13
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Catalá-López F, Hutton B, Page MJ, Ridao M, Driver JA, Alonso-Arroyo A, Forés-Martos J, Macías Saint-Gerons D, Vieta E, Valencia A, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their first-degree relatives: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Syst Rev 2017; 6:189. [PMID: 28915839 PMCID: PMC5603059 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorders that may persist into adulthood. ASD and ADHD tend to run in families and may have a significant negative impact on the health and longevity of those with the disorder and their relatives. The aim of this study will be to analyze the risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with ASD or ADHD and their first-degree relatives. METHODS/DESIGN We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science will be used to identify epidemiological studies. Eligible studies will be observational studies reporting study-specific data for all-cause mortality or cause-specific mortality in children, adolescents, or adults with ASD or ADHD and/or their first-degree relatives. Cohort studies and case-control studies will be included. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome will be cause-specific mortality. Two reviewers will independently screen references identified by the literature search, as well as potentially relevant full-text articles. Data will be abstracted, and study risk of bias/methodological quality will be appraised by two reviewers independently. The methodological quality of epidemiological studies will be appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Conflicts at all levels of screening and abstraction will be resolved through discussion. Random-effects meta-analyses of primary studies will be conducted where appropriate. Subgroup analyses for exploring statistical heterogeneity, if feasible, will include gender, age group, ethnicity, comorbidities, classification of cause of death, and relevant study characteristics. DISCUSSION Our study will establish the extent of the epidemiological evidence underlying the risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with ASD or ADHD and their first-degree relatives. We anticipate that our findings will be of interest to patients, their families, caregivers, healthcare professionals, scientists, and policy makers. Implications for future epidemiological research will be discussed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017059955 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud, Valencia, Spain. .,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J Page
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manuel Ridao
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salud Pública), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jane A Driver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad de Información e Investigación Social y Sanitaria-UISYS, University of Valencia-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaume Forés-Martos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Macías Saint-Gerons
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Agency, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Health Systems and Services, Pan American Health Organization, Unit of Medicines and Health Technologies, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain.,Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Catalá-López F, Hutton B, Driver JA, Ridao M, Valderas JM, Gènova-Maleras R, Forés-Martos J, Alonso-Arroyo A, Saint-Gerons DM, Vieta E, Valencia A, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Anorexia nervosa and cancer: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Syst Rev 2017; 6:137. [PMID: 28693568 PMCID: PMC5504548 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a severe restriction of caloric intake, low body weight, fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, and disturbance of body image. Pathogenesis of the disorder may include genetic predisposition, hormonal changes and a combination of environmental, psychosocial, and cultural factors. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. At present, no systematic reviews and meta-analyses have evaluated the risk of cancer in people with anorexia nervosa. The objective of this study will be to evaluate the association between anorexia nervosa and the risk of developing or dying from cancer. METHODS/DESIGN This study protocol is part of a systematic collection and assessment of multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses (umbrella review) evaluating the association of cancer and multiple central nervous system disorders. We designed a specific protocol for a new systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies of anorexia nervosa with risk of developing or dying from any cancer. Data sources will be PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and manual screening of references. Observational studies (case-control and cohort) in humans that examined the association between anorexia nervosa and risk of developing or dying from cancer will be sought. The primary outcomes will be cancer incidence and cancer mortality in association with anorexia nervosa. Secondary outcomes will be site-specific cancer incidence and mortality, respectively. Screening of abstracts and full texts, and data abstraction will be performed by two team members independently. Conflicts at all levels of screening and abstraction will be resolved through discussion. The quality of studies will be assessed by using the Ottawa-Newcastle scale by two team members independently. Random effects models will be conducted where appropriate. Subgroup and additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) criteria and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used for determining the quality of evidence for cancer outcomes. DISCUSSION Findings from this systematic review will inform an ongoing umbrella review on cancer and central nervous system disorders. Our systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies will establish the extent of the epidemiological evidence underlying the association between anorexia nervosa and cancer. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017067462.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud, Valencia, Spain. .,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane A Driver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Ridao
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salud Pública), Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Valderas
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Jaume Forés-Martos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad de Información e Investigación Social y Sanitaria-UISYS, University of Valencia-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Macías Saint-Gerons
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Agency, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Health Systems and Services, Unit of Medicines and Health Technologies, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain.,Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Gutierrez Najera NA, Resendis-Antonio O, Nicolini H. "Gestaltomics": Systems Biology Schemes for the Study of Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Front Physiol 2017; 8:286. [PMID: 28536537 PMCID: PMC5422874 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of different sources of biological information about what defines a behavioral phenotype is difficult to unify in an entity that reflects the arithmetic sum of its individual parts. In this sense, the challenge of Systems Biology for understanding the “psychiatric phenotype” is to provide an improved vision of the shape of the phenotype as it is visualized by “Gestalt” psychology, whose fundamental axiom is that the observed phenotype (behavior or mental disorder) will be the result of the integrative composition of every part. Therefore, we propose the term “Gestaltomics” as a term from Systems Biology to integrate data coming from different sources of information (such as the genome, transcriptome, proteome, epigenome, metabolome, phenome, and microbiome). In addition to this biological complexity, the mind is integrated through multiple brain functions that receive and process complex information through channels and perception networks (i.e., sight, ear, smell, memory, and attention) that in turn are programmed by genes and influenced by environmental processes (epigenetic). Today, the approach of medical research in human diseases is to isolate one disease for study; however, the presence of an additional disease (co-morbidity) or more than one disease (multimorbidity) adds complexity to the study of these conditions. This review will present the challenge of integrating psychiatric disorders at different levels of information (Gestaltomics). The implications of increasing the level of complexity, for example, studying the co-morbidity with another disease such as cancer, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina GenómicaMexico City, Mexico.,Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica - Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)Mexico City, Mexico
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