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Calado AM, Seixas F, Dos Anjos Pires M. Virus as Teratogenic Agents. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:105-142. [PMID: 38285335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases are important causes of reproductive disorders, as abortion, fetal mummification, embryonic mortality, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities in animals and in humans. In this chapter, we provide an overview of some virus, as important agents in teratology.We begin by describing the Zika virus, whose infection in humans had a very significant impact in recent years and has been associated with major health problems worldwide. This virus is a teratogenic agent in humans and has been classified as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).Then, some viruses associated with reproductive abnormalities on animals, which have a significant economic impact on livestock, are described, as bovine herpesvirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, Schmallenberg virus, Akabane virus, and Aino virus.For all viruses mentioned in this chapter, the teratogenic effects and the congenital malformations associated with fetus and newborn are described, according to the most recent scientific publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Calado
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Dos Anjos Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
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Gomes JA, Wachholz GE, Boquett JA, Vianna FSL, Schuler-Faccini L, Fraga LR. Molecular Mechanisms of ZIKV-Induced Teratogenesis: A Systematic Review of Studies in Animal Models. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 60:68-83. [PMID: 36215025 PMCID: PMC9549063 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a teratogen that causes congenital anomalies, being linked to microcephaly in children exposed during pregnancy. Animal studies have been conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms related to ZIKV teratogenesis. Although animal models can mimic the effects of ZIKV in human embryo development, few in vivo studies have addressed molecular changes following ZIKV infection in embryos. Moreover, few literature reviews have been conducted with these studies. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of ZIKV teratogenesis determined from studies in animal models. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus as well as grey literature were searched for studies that evaluated molecular alterations related to ZIKV teratogenesis which occurred during embryonic development. Nine studies were included: six with mice, one with mice and guinea pigs, one with pigs and one with chickens. In general, studies presented an unclear or high risk of bias for methodological criteria. Most of studies reported embryos exposed to ZIKV presenting microcephaly, reduced cortex thickness, and growth restriction. Different techniques were used to evaluated molecular changes in the animals following ZIKV infection: RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and in situ hybridization. It was found that common pathways are changed in most studies, being pathways related to immune response upregulated and those involved to neurodevelopment downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Gomes
- Teratology Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Gabriela E Wachholz
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliano A Boquett
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S L Vianna
- Teratology Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Teratology Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Lucas R Fraga
- Teratology Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
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