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Kawaka F. Characterization of symbiotic and nitrogen fixing bacteria. AMB Express 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35907164 PMCID: PMC9339069 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria comprise of diverse species associated with the root nodules of leguminous plants. Using an appropriate taxonomic method to confirm the identity of superior and elite strains to fix nitrogen in legume crops can improve sustainable global food and nutrition security. The current review describes taxonomic methods preferred and commonly used to characterize symbiotic bacteria in the rhizosphere. Peer reviewed, published and unpublished articles on techniques used for detection, classification and identification of symbiotic bacteria were evaluated by exploring their advantages and limitations. The findings showed that phenotypic and cultural techniques are still affordable and remain the primary basis of species classification despite their challenges. Development of new, robust and informative taxonomic techniques has really improved characterization and identification of symbiotic bacteria and discovery of novel and new species that are effective in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in diverse conditions and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanuel Kawaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Sinorhizobium meliloti Strain AK21, a Salt-Tolerant Isolate from the Aral Sea Region. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/2/e01432-19. [PMID: 31919182 PMCID: PMC6952668 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01432-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the complete genome sequence of the salt-tolerant Sinorhizobium meliloti strain AK21, isolated from nodules of Medicago sativa L. subsp. ambigua inhabiting the northern Aral Sea Region. This genome (7.36 Mb) consists of a chromosome and four accessory plasmids, two of which are the symbiotic megaplasmids pSymA and pSymB. We report here the complete genome sequence of the salt-tolerant Sinorhizobium meliloti strain AK21, isolated from nodules of Medicago sativa L. subsp. ambigua inhabiting the northern Aral Sea Region. This genome (7.36 Mb) consists of a chromosome and four accessory plasmids, two of which are the symbiotic megaplasmids pSymA and pSymB.
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Deciphering the Symbiotic Plant Microbiome: Translating the Most Recent Discoveries on Rhizobia for the Improvement of Agricultural Practices in Metal-Contaminated and High Saline Lands. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9090529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere and plant-associated microorganisms have been intensely studied for their beneficial effects on plant growth and health. These mainly include nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This beneficial fraction is involved in major functions such as plant nutrition and plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, which include water deficiency and heavy-metal contamination. Consequently, crop yield emerges as the net result of the interactions between the plant genome and its associated microbiome. Here, we provide a review covering recent studies on PGP rhizobia as effective inoculants for agricultural practices in harsh soil, and we propose models for inoculant combinations and genomic manipulation strategies to improve crop yield.
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Penttinen P, Greco D, Muntyan V, Terefework Z, De Lajudie P, Roumiantseva M, Becker A, Auvinen P, Lindström K. Divergent genes in potential inoculant Sinorhizobium strains are related to DNA replication, recombination, and repair. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:680-5. [PMID: 26879331 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To serve as inoculants of legumes, nitrogen-fixing rhizobium strains should be competitive and tolerant of diverse environments. We hybridized the genomes of symbiotically efficient and salt tolerant Sinorhizobium inoculant strains onto the Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021 microarray. The number of variable genes, that is, divergent or putatively multiplied genes, ranged from 503 to 1556 for S. meliloti AK23, S. meliloti STM 1064 and S. arboris HAMBI 1552. The numbers of divergent genes affiliated with the symbiosis plasmid pSymA and related to DNA replication, recombination and repair were significantly higher than expected. The variation was mainly in the accessory genome, implying that it was important in shaping the adaptability of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Penttinen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victoria Muntyan
- All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia
| | - Zewdu Terefework
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,MRC-ET Molecular Diagnostics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Philippe De Lajudie
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR LSTM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Roumiantseva
- All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia
| | - Anke Becker
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology and Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristina Lindström
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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