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Nturubika BD, Guardia CM, Gershlick DC, Logan JM, Martini C, Heatlie JK, Lazniewska J, Moore C, Lam GT, Li KL, Ung BSY, Brooks RD, Hickey SM, Bert AG, Gregory PA, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Johnson IRD. Altered expression of vesicular trafficking machinery in prostate cancer affects lysosomal dynamics and provides insight into the underlying biology and disease progression. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02829-x. [PMID: 39217195 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on the role of lysosomal trafficking in prostate cancer, given the essential role of lysosomes in cellular homoeostasis. METHODS Lysosomal motility was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy of LAMP-1-transfected prostate cells and spot-tracking analysis. Expression of lysosomal trafficking machinery was evaluated in patient cohort databases and through immunohistochemistry on tumour samples. The roles of vesicular trafficking machinery were evaluated through over-expression and siRNA. The effects of R1881 treatment on lysosome vesicular trafficking was evaluated by RNA sequencing, protein quantification and fixed- and live-cell microscopy. RESULTS Altered regulation of lysosomal trafficking genes/proteins was observed in prostate cancer tissue, with significant correlations for co-expression of vesicular trafficking machinery in Gleason patterns. The expression of trafficking machinery was associated with poorer patient outcomes. R1881 treatment induced changes in lysosomal distribution, number, and expression of lysosomal vesicular trafficking machinery in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Manipulation of genes involved in lysosomal trafficking events induced changes in lysosome positioning and cell phenotype, as well as differential effects on cell migration, in non-malignant and prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel insights into the altered regulation and functional impact of lysosomal vesicular trafficking in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukuru D Nturubika
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Placental Cell Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health and Science, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica K Heatlie
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Giang T Lam
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ka L Li
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia City East Campus, Frome Rd, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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2
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Casalou C, Ferreira A, Barral DC. The Role of ARF Family Proteins and Their Regulators and Effectors in Cancer Progression: A Therapeutic Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:217. [PMID: 32426352 PMCID: PMC7212444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Adenosine diphosphate-Ribosylation Factor (ARF) family belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTPases and is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, motility and differentiation by regulating membrane traffic and associating with the cytoskeleton. Like other members of the RAS superfamily, ARF family proteins are activated by Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) and inactivated by GTPase-Activating Proteins (GAPs). When active, they bind effectors, which mediate downstream functions. Several studies have reported that cancer cells are able to subvert membrane traffic regulators to enhance migration and invasion. Indeed, members of the ARF family, including ARF-Like (ARL) proteins have been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of several types of cancer. Here, we review the role of ARF family members, their GEFs/GAPs and effectors in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, highlighting the ones that can have a pro-oncogenic behavior or function as tumor suppressors. Moreover, we propose possible mechanisms and approaches to target these proteins, toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies to impair tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casalou
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte C Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Yoo JH, Brady SW, Acosta-Alvarez L, Rogers A, Peng J, Sorensen LK, Wolff RK, Mleynek T, Shin D, Rich CP, Kircher DA, Bild A, Odelberg SJ, Li DY, Holmen SL, Grossmann AH. The Small GTPase ARF6 Activates PI3K in Melanoma to Induce a Prometastatic State. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2892-2908. [PMID: 31048499 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma has an unusual capacity to spread in early-stage disease, prompting aggressive clinical intervention in very thin primary tumors. Despite these proactive efforts, patients with low-risk, low-stage disease can still develop metastasis, indicating the presence of permissive cues for distant spread. Here, we show that constitutive activation of the small GTPase ARF6 (ARF6Q67L) is sufficient to accelerate metastasis in mice with BRAFV600E/Cdkn2aNULL melanoma at a similar incidence and severity to Pten loss, a major driver of PI3K activation and melanoma metastasis. ARF6Q67L promoted spontaneous metastasis from significantly smaller primary tumors than PTENNULL, implying an enhanced ability of ARF6-GTP to drive distant spread. ARF6 activation increased lung colonization from circulating melanoma cells, suggesting that the prometastatic function of ARF6 extends to late steps in metastasis. Unexpectedly, ARF6Q67L tumors showed upregulation of Pik3r1 expression, which encodes the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K. Tumor cells expressing ARF6Q67L displayed increased PI3K protein levels and activity, enhanced PI3K distribution to cellular protrusions, and increased AKT activation in invadopodia. ARF6 is necessary and sufficient for activation of both PI3K and AKT, and PI3K and AKT are necessary for ARF6-mediated invasion. We provide evidence for aberrant ARF6 activation in human melanoma samples, which is associated with reduced survival. Our work reveals a previously unknown ARF6-PI3K-AKT proinvasive pathway, it demonstrates a critical role for ARF6 in multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, and it illuminates how melanoma cells can acquire an early metastatic phenotype in patients. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal a prometastatic role for ARF6 independent of tumor growth, which may help explain how melanoma spreads distantly from thin, early-stage primary tumors.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/11/2892/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Samuel W Brady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Aaron Rogers
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jingfu Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lise K Sorensen
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tara Mleynek
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Donghan Shin
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Coulson P Rich
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David A Kircher
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Andrea Bild
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Monrovia, California
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. .,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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4
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Yoo SM, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. The Arf-GAP and protein scaffold Cat1/Git1 as a multifaceted regulator of cancer progression. Small GTPases 2017; 11:77-85. [PMID: 28981399 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1362496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cool-associated tyrosine phosphorylated protein 1 (Cat1), also referred to as GPCR-kinase interacting protein 1 (Git1), is a ubiquitously expressed, multi-domain protein that is best known for regulating cell shape and migration. Cat1/Git1 functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) that inactivates certain members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family of small GTPases. It is also a scaffold that brings together several signaling proteins at specific locations within the cell, ensuring their efficient activation. Here we will discuss what is known regarding the classical role of Cat1/Git1 in the regulation of cell morphology and migration, as well as highlight some more recent findings that suggest this interesting signaling/scaffolding protein may also contribute in unexpected ways to oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsoo M Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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5
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Lang L, Shay C, Zhao X, Teng Y. Combined targeting of Arf1 and Ras potentiates anticancer activity for prostate cancer therapeutics. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:112. [PMID: 28830537 PMCID: PMC5568197 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Although major improvements have been made in surgical management, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic of prostate cancer, many prostate cancers remain refractory to treatment with standard agents. Therefore, the identification of new molecular targets in cancer progression and development of novel therapeutic strategies to target them are very necessary for achieving better survival for patients with prostate cancer. Activation of small GTPases such as Ras and Arf1 is a critical component of the signaling pathways for most of the receptors shown to be upregulated in advanced prostate cancer. Methods The drug effects on cell proliferation were measured by CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. The drug effects on cell migration and invasion were determined by Radius™ 24-well and Matrigel-coated Boyden chambers. The drug effects on apoptosis were assessed by FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit with 7-AAD and Western blot with antibodies against cleaved PARP and Caspase 3. A NOD/SCID mouse model generated by subcutaneous injection was used to assess the in vivo drug efficacy in tumor growth. ERK activation and tumor cell proliferation in xenografts were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results We show that Exo2, a small-molecule inhibitor that reduces Arf1 activation, effectively suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation by blocking ERK1/2 activation. Exo2 also has other effects, inhibiting migration and invasion of PCa cells and inducing apoptosis. The Ras inhibitor salirasib augments Exo2-induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells partially by enhancing the suppression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In a xenograft mouse model of prostate cancer, Exo2 reduces prostate tumor burden and inhibits ERK1/2 activation at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Synergistic treatment of salirasib and Exo2 exhibits a superior inhibitory effect on prostate tumor growth compared with either drug alone, which may be attributed to the more efficient inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Conclusion This study suggests that simultaneous blockade of Arf1 and Ras activation in prostate cancer cells is a potential targeted therapeutic strategy for preventing prostate cancer development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0583-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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6
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Munkley J, McClurg UL, Livermore KE, Ehrmann I, Knight B, Mccullagh P, Mcgrath J, Crundwell M, Harries LW, Leung HY, Mills IG, Robson CN, Rajan P, Elliott DJ. The cancer-associated cell migration protein TSPAN1 is under control of androgens and its upregulation increases prostate cancer cell migration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5249. [PMID: 28701765 PMCID: PMC5507901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration drives cell invasion and metastatic progression in prostate cancer and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. However the mechanisms driving cell migration in prostate cancer patients are not fully understood. We previously identified the cancer-associated cell migration protein Tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) as a clinically relevant androgen regulated target in prostate cancer. Here we find that TSPAN1 is acutely induced by androgens, and is significantly upregulated in prostate cancer relative to both normal prostate tissue and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We also show for the first time, that TSPAN1 expression in prostate cancer cells controls the expression of key proteins involved in cell migration. Stable upregulation of TSPAN1 in both DU145 and PC3 cells significantly increased cell migration and induced the expression of the mesenchymal markers SLUG and ARF6. Our data suggest TSPAN1 is an androgen-driven contributor to cell survival and motility in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
| | - Urszula L McClurg
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Karen E Livermore
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Ingrid Ehrmann
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Bridget Knight
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul Mccullagh
- Department of Pathology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - John Mcgrath
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Malcolm Crundwell
- Department of Urology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Forskningsparken, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital HE - Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Ian G. Mills, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway
- Movember/Prostate Cancer UK Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Craig N Robson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Prabhakar Rajan
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David J Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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7
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Ignashkova TI, Gendarme M, Peschk K, Eggenweiler HM, Lindemann RK, Reiling JH. Cell survival and protein secretion associated with Golgi integrity in response to Golgi stress-inducing agents. Traffic 2017; 18:530-544. [PMID: 28485883 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is part of the secretory pathway and of central importance for modification, transport and sorting of proteins and lipids. ADP-ribosylation factors, whose activation can be blocked by brefeldin A (BFA), play a major role in functioning of the Golgi network and regulation of membrane traffic and are also involved in proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Due to high cytotoxicity and poor bioavailability, BFA has not passed the preclinical stage of drug development. Recently, AMF-26 and golgicide A have been described as novel inhibitors of the Golgi system with antitumor or bactericidal properties. We provide here further evidence that AMF-26 closely mirrors the mode of action of BFA but is less potent. Using several human cancer cell lines, we studied the effects of AMF-26, BFA and golgicide A on cell homeostasis including Golgi structure, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, secretion and viability, and found overall a significant correlation between these parameters. Furthermore, modulation of ADP-ribosylation factor expression has a profound impact on Golgi organization and survival in response to Golgi stress inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Ignashkova
- Metabolism and Signaling in Cancer, BioMed X Innovation Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathieu Gendarme
- Metabolism and Signaling in Cancer, BioMed X Innovation Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Peschk
- Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Ralph K Lindemann
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan H Reiling
- Metabolism and Signaling in Cancer, BioMed X Innovation Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Cicenas J, Tamosaitis L, Kvederaviciute K, Tarvydas R, Staniute G, Kalyan K, Meskinyte-Kausiliene E, Stankevicius V, Valius M. KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer and melanoma. Med Oncol 2017; 34:26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Abstract
Members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family of small GTP-binding (G) proteins regulate several aspects of membrane trafficking, such as vesicle budding, tethering and cytoskeleton organization. Arf family members, including Arf-like (Arl) proteins have been implicated in several essential cellular functions, like cell spreading and migration. These functions are used by cancer cells to disseminate and invade the tissues surrounding the primary tumor, leading to the formation of metastases. Indeed, Arf and Arl proteins, as well as their guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) have been found to be abnormally expressed in different cancer cell types and human cancers. Here, we review the current evidence supporting the involvement of Arf family proteins and their GEFs and GAPs in cancer progression, focusing on 3 different mechanisms: cell-cell adhesion, integrin internalization and recycling, and actin cytoskeleton remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casalou
- a CEDOC, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Alexandra Faustino
- a CEDOC, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.,b ProRegeM PhD Program, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Duarte C Barral
- a CEDOC, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
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10
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Wnt Signaling in Cell Motility and Invasion: Drawing Parallels between Development and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8090080. [PMID: 27589803 PMCID: PMC5040982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8090080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signal transduction cascades in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis is well recognized. The aberrant activation of these pathways in the adult leads to abnormal cellular behaviors, and tumor progression is frequently a consequence. Here we discuss recent findings and analogies between Wnt signaling in developmental processes and tumor progression, with a particular focus on cell motility and matrix invasion and highlight the roles of the ARF (ADP-Ribosylation Factor) and Rho-family small GTP-binding proteins. Wnt-regulated signal transduction from cell surface receptors, signaling endosomes and/or extracellular vesicles has the potential to profoundly influence cell movement, matrix degradation and paracrine signaling in both development and disease.
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11
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Raposo-Ferreira TMM, Bueno RC, Terra EM, Avante ML, Tinucci-Costa M, Carvalho M, Cassali GD, Linde SD, Rogatto SR, Laufer-Amorim R. Downregulation of ATM Gene and Protein Expression in Canine Mammary Tumors. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:1154-1159. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985816643367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated ( ATM) gene encodes a protein associated with DNA damage repair and maintenance of genomic integrity. In women, ATM transcript and protein downregulation have been reported in sporadic breast carcinomas, and the absence of ATM protein expression has been associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate ATM gene and protein expression in canine mammary tumors and their association with clinical outcome. ATM gene and protein expression was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in normal mammary gland samples (n = 10), benign mammary tumors (n = 11), nonmetastatic mammary carcinomas (n = 19), and metastatic mammary carcinomas (n = 11). Lower ATM transcript levels were detected in benign mammary tumors and carcinomas compared with normal mammary glands ( P = .011). Similarly, lower ATM protein expression was observed in benign tumors ( P = .0003), nonmetastatic mammary carcinomas ( P < .0001), and the primary sites of metastatic carcinomas ( P < .0001) compared with normal mammary glands. No significant differences in ATM gene or protein levels were detected among benign tumors and nonmetastatic and metastatic mammary carcinomas ( P > .05). The levels of ATM gene or protein expression were not significantly associated with clinical and pathological features or with survival. Similar to human breast cancer, the data in this study suggest that ATM gene and protein downregulation is involved in canine mammary gland tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. C. Bueno
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. M. Terra
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. L. Avante
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Tinucci-Costa
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. D. Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S. D. Linde
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. R. Rogatto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Neogene Laboratory, CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Hongu T, Yamauchi Y, Funakoshi Y, Katagiri N, Ohbayashi N, Kanaho Y. Pathological functions of the small GTPase Arf6 in cancer progression: Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Small GTPases 2016; 7:47-53. [PMID: 26909552 PMCID: PMC4905277 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1154640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several lines of evidence have shown that the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) plays pivotal roles in cancer progression of several types of cancers, little is known about the functions of Arf6 in tumor microenvironment. We demonstrated that Arf6 in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis and growth using endothelial cell-specific Arf6 conditional knockout mice into which B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cells were implanted. It was also found that Arf6 in VECs positively regulates hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced β1 integrin recycling, which is a critical event for tumor angiogenesis by promoting cell migration. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of HGF-induced Arf6 activation significantly suppresses tumor angiogenesis and growth in mice, suggesting that Arf6 signaling would be a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy. In this manuscript, we summarize the multiple roles of Arf6 in cancer progression, particularly in cancer cell invasion/metastasis and our recent findings on tumor angiogenesis, and discuss a possible approach to develop innovative anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunaki Hongu
- a Department of Physiological Chemistry , Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- a Department of Physiological Chemistry , Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Yuji Funakoshi
- a Department of Physiological Chemistry , Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Naohiro Katagiri
- a Department of Physiological Chemistry , Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Norihiko Ohbayashi
- a Department of Physiological Chemistry , Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- a Department of Physiological Chemistry , Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
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