|
4
|
Heßler N, Geisel MH, Coassin S, Erbel R, Heilmann S, Hennig F, Hoffmann B, Jöckel KH, Moebus S, Moskau-Hartmann S, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Vens M, Klockgether T, Kronenberg F, Scherag A, Ziegler A. Linkage and Association Analysis Identifies TRAF1 Influencing Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. Stroke 2016; 47:2904-2909. [PMID: 27827325 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carotid intima-media thickness is a marker for subclinical atherosclerosis that predicts subsequent clinical cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to identify chromosomal loci with linkage or association to common carotid intima-media thickness. METHODS Nuclear families were recruited using the single parental proband sib-pair design. Genotype data were available for 546 individuals from 132 nuclear families of the Bonn IMT Family Study using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 250K Sty chip. Multipoint logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores were determined with the quantitative trait locus statistic implemented in multipoint engine for rapid likelihood. Linkage analysis and family-based association tests were conducted. Data from 2471 German participants from the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Study were used for subsequent replication. RESULTS Two new genomic regions with suggestive linkage (LOD>2) were identified on chromosome 4 (LOD=2.26) and on chromosome 17 (LOD=2.01). Previously reported linkage findings were replicated on chromosomes 13 and 14. Fifteen single nucleotide polymorhisms, located on chromosomes 4, 6, and 9, revealed P<10-4 in the family-based association analyses. One of these signals was replicated in HNR (rs2416804, 1-sided P=1.60×10-3, located in the gene TRAF1). CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first genome-wide linkage and association study of common carotid intima-media thickness in the German population. Alleles of rs2416804 in TRAF1 were identified as being linked and associated with carotid intima-media thickness. Further studies are needed to evaluate the contribution of this locus to the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Heßler
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Marie Henrike Geisel
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Stefan Coassin
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Raimund Erbel
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Stefanie Heilmann
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Frauke Hennig
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Susanne Moebus
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Susanna Moskau-Hartmann
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Maren Vens
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - André Scherag
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.).
| |
Collapse
|