Haplotype analysis of the Apolipoprotein A5 gene in Moroccan patients with the metabolic syndrome

The Pooled Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Morocco Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 32 Studies

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide. This is becoming a significant public health problem. In Morocco, it is estimated that 94.3% of people aged between 18 and 69 years have at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to measure the overall prevalence of MetS in the Moroccan population. This systematic review included studies published up to March 20, 2024. Data were retrieved from international databases, including EMBASE, Scopus, and MEDLINE/PubMed. Searches were conducted using the keywords "metabolic syndrome," "prevalence," and "Moroccan." The overall prevalence of MetS was calculated using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity across studies. A total of 32 studies were conducted in Morocco, with a sample of 13 889 participants. The overall prevalence of MetS in the Moroccan population was 34.68%, with 39.66% in women and 30.51% in men. The pooled prevalence in apparently healthy individuals was 29.41%, which increased to 61.84% in patients with type 2 diabetes, 58.81% in patients with general obesity, 47.09% in patients with hypertension, and 28.29% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. For an average age under 40 years, the pooled prevalence was 25.44%; for an average age between 40 and 50 years, the pooled prevalence was 25.52%; and for an average age of 50 years or more, the prevalence was 43.23%. The results of this study highlight the huge prevalence of MetS in the Moroccan population, with significant variations depending on the subgroups studied, diagnostic criteria used, and age group, highlighting the urgent need to develop and implement effective strategies to tackle this major public health challenge in Morocco.

Association between APOA5 polymorphisms and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The association between Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been established by many studies, but there have been conflicting results from the literature. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the association between APOA5 gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of MetS.

METHODS

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were searched up to April 2024. The random effects model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between APOA5 gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of MetS development. The potential sources of heterogeneity were evaluated by subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses.

RESULTS

A total of 30 studies with 54,986 subjects (25,341 MetS cases and 29,645 healthy controls) were included. The presence of rs662799 and rs651821 polymorphisms is associated with an approximately 1.5-fold higher likelihood of MetS prevalence (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.53, p < 0.001; I2 = 67.1%; P-heterogeneity < 0.001; and OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.36-1.65, p < 0.001), respectively. MetS is also more prevalent in individuals with the genetic variants rs3135506 and rs2075291. There was no evidence of a connection with rs126317.

CONCLUSION

The present findings suggest that polymorphisms located in the promoter and coding regions of the APOA5 gene are associated with an increased prevalence of MetS in the adult population. Identifying individuals with these genetic variations could lead to early disease detection and the implementation of preventive strategies to reduce the risk of MetS and its related health issues. However, because the sample size was small and there was evidence of significant heterogeneity for some APOA5 gene polymorphisms, these results need to be confirmed by more large-scale and well-designed studies.

Association of S19W polymorphism in APOA5 gene and serum lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy

OBJECTIVES

Type 2 diabetic Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common systemic and endocrine disease in humans, and diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications of this disorder. The polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) gene are strongly related to hypertriglyceridemia and are considered a predisposing factor for diabetic nephropathy. The current study proposed to examine the association of APOA5-S19W polymorphism with serum lipids levels in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy in Mazandaran province.

METHODS

This case-control study was designed to determine the association of APOA5-S19W polymorphism with plasma lipid profile in 161 T2DM patients with nephropathy (DN+), without nephropathy (DN-), and in 58 healthy individuals. Lipid profile values were measured using Pars Azmoun commercial kits. S19W variant, one of the polymorphisms of the APOA5 gene, was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Taq1 restriction enzyme.

RESULTS

In comparison between the three groups, DN+ had a higher mean TG than DN- and the control group (p<0.001). The incidence of the G allele in DN+ was not significant compared to groups of DN-. Comparing the relationship between the mean of biochemical variables with CC and CG genotypes showed that the mean level of TG in people with CC genotype was increased compared to people with CG genotype in diabetic patients. However, this increase was not significant (p=0.19).

CONCLUSIONS

There was no association between SNP APOA5 S19W and serum lipids in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.

Genetic Studies of Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent in Arabian populations. Several small-scale studies have been performed to investigate the genetic basis of MetS. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine whether candidate gene polymorphisms are associated with MetS susceptibility among ethnic groups of the Arabian world and to suggest possible directions for future research regarding genetic markers and MetS.

Methods: A search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles that examined the genetic association of MetS in Arabian populations in the following databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, Direct Science, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar until March 31, 2021. Articles were eligible if they were case-control studies, which investigated MetS as a dichotomous outcome (MetS vs no MetS). To assess the quality of the studies, the Q-Genie tool (Quality of Genetic Association Studies) was used. A non-central chi2 (random-effect) distribution was used to determine the heterogeneity (H) of Q and I (Galassi et al., The American journal of medicine, 2006, 119, 812–819) statistics.

Results: Our search strategy identified 36 studies that met our inclusion criteria. In most cases, studies were excluded due to a lack of statistical information such as odds ratios, confidence intervals, and p-values. According to the Q-Genie tool, 12 studies scored poorly (a score of≤35), 13 studies scored moderately ( >35 and≤45), and 12 studies had good quality ( >45 or higher). The most frequently studied genes were FTO and VDR (both included in four studies). Three SNPs indicated increased risk for MetS after calculating the pooled odds ratios: FTO-rs9939609 (odds ratio 1.49, 95% CI: 0.96–2.32); LEP-rs7799039 (odds ratio 1.85, 95% CI: 1.37–2.5); and SERPINA12-rs2236242 (odds ratio 1.65, 95% CI: 1.21–2.24). Meta-analysis studies showed no significant heterogeneity.

Conclusion: There were many sources of heterogeneity in the study settings. Most of the studies had low to moderate quality because of sample size and power issues, not considering all potential sources of bias, and not providing details about genotyping methods and results. As most studies were small-scale, aimed to replicate findings from other populations, we did not find any unique genetic association between MetS and Arabian populations.

Association of rs662799 variant and APOA5 gene haplotypes with metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta-analysis in North Africa

Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) has been linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several populations. In North Africa, only the Tunisian and Moroccan populations were investigated. Our aim is to assess the association between APOA5 gene variant (rs662799) and haplotypes with MetS in Tunisian population and to perform a meta-analysis in North Africa. A total of 594 Tunisian participants were genotyped for polymorphism rs662799 using KASPar technology. Two polymorphisms rs3135506 and rs651821 in APOA5 gene genotyped in our previous study, were used in addition to rs662799 to assess the haplotype association with MetS. The genotype of 875 participants was used for the meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with R software.

The rs662799 increases the risk of MetS under the dominant (P=0.018) and the additive models (P=0.028) in the Tunisian population. After stratification of the cohort following the sex and the geographic origin, a positive association of rs662799 with MetS was found for participant from the Northern region and for the women group. Only the haplotype AGT showed a significant association with MetS by decreasing the risk of the disease.

The meta-analysis reported a significant association of rs662799 and rs3135506 with MetS.

Our results showed a significant association between the APOA5 gene variants rs662799 and haplotypes with MetS and its traits in Tunisia. An impact of the sex and the geographic origin on the genotype distribution was highlighted. Our funding emphasizes the role of APOA5 in the development of MetS in North Africa.

New insights into apolipoprotein A5 in controlling lipoprotein metabolism in obesity and the metabolic syndrome patients

Apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) has been identified to play an important role in lipid metabolism, specifically in triglyceride (TG) and TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) metabolism. Numerous evidence has demonstrated for an association between apoA5 and the increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome, but the mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Recently, several studies verified that apoA5 could significantly reduce plasma TG level by stimulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and the intracellular role of apoA5 has also been proved since apoA5 is associated with cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) and affects intrahepatic TG accumulation. Furthermore, since adipocytes provide the largest storage depot for TG and play a crucial role in the development of obesity, we could infer that apoA5 also acts as a novel regulator to modulate TG storage in adipocytes. In this review, we focus on the association of gene and protein of apoA5 with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and provide new insights into the physiological role of apoA5 in humans, giving a potential therapeutic target for obesity and associated disorders.

Association study of HNF1A polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in the Moroccan population

AIMS

Variants in Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 alpha (HNF1A) gene are associated with Metabolic Syndromeand its components independently. In this study, we aimed to assess the statistical association of the rs1169288, rs2464196 and rs735396 variants and haplotypes of HNF1A gene with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in a Moroccan population sample.

METHODS

Three variants in the HNF1A gene were genotyped, rs1169288 A>C, rs2464196 G>A and rs735396 T>C in cases and controls from Moroccan population using KASPar^® technology (KBioscience, UK). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. MS was defined according to the international Diabetes Federation (IDF). The effects of HNF1A polymorphisms and constructed haplotypes on MS were estimated using logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS

The HNF1A gene, rs1169288 and rs2464196 variants conferred an increased risk to MS (OR=2.08, 95%CI=1.38-3.14, P=0.0005 and OR=1.52, 95%IC=1.05-2.20, P=0.03, respectively) when adjusted for BMI, sex and age. We found that the C allele of the variant rs735396 was associated with an increased triglycerides level (p-value=0.04434) among patients and high weist circumference (P=0.02005) and total cholesterol (P=0.03227) amount among controls. The haplotype AAT (OR=5.656, P<0.00001) was the most significantly associated with susceptibility to metabolic syndrome.

CONCLUSION

The present study demonstrated that SNPs rs1169288 and rs2464196 of HNF1A gene were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in a Morrocan population. Furthermore, the CAC, AAC, AAT and AGT haplotypes of these SNPs and rs735396 were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome.

Association of APOA5 Gene Promoter Region -1131T>C Polymorphism (rs662799) to Plasma Triglyceride Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

INTRODUCTION

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), a serious complication of Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus (T2DM), is progressive and susceptibility to DN varies among T2DM patients. ApoA5-1131T>C polymorphism revealed that is strongly associated with triglyceride levels and proposed as a predisposing factor for DN.

AIM

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association -1131T>C ApoA5 gene polymorphism with serum lipids levels in Type 2 diabetic (DM) patients with or without DN in north of Iran (Mazandaran province).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study comprised patients with established T2DM (n=161) and controls (n=58). Genotyping of APOA5 -1131T>C polymorphisms was performed by PCR-RFLP. Diabetic patients were divided into two groups: with nephropathy (DN+, n = 90) and without nephropathy (DN-, n = 71). Lipids and lipoproteins were assessed by enzymatic methods.

RESULTS

The genotype frequencies were 63.8 % TT, 31 % TC, 5.2 % CC in controls, 33.8% TT, 52.1 % TC, 14.1 % CC in DN- and 44.4 % TT, 36.7 % TC, 18.9 % CC in DN+ patients. The TC genotype and the CC genotype were overexpressed among DN+ and DN-population in comparison to the control group. The highest and the lowest TG levels in both diabetic patients and controls belonged to CC+TC and TT genotypes, respectively. Furthermore in both patients TG increased with this order: TT< TC<CC.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that APOA5 -1131T>C polymorphisms influence lipid levels in type 2 diabetic patients.