1
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Runge A, Petersson M, Riechelmann H. [Oncolytic virotherapy in head and neck cancer]. Laryngorhinootologie 2022; 101:787-796. [PMID: 35977557 DOI: 10.1055/a-1901-9214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oncolytic viruses (OV) infect and kill cancer cells and elicit an antitumoral immune response. With their potential to break through tumor immunoresistance, OV might be a future combination treatment option in patients with advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). Modes of action, biological modifications, handling and side effects of OV for treatment of HNC are reviewed. Results of preclinical and clinical trials are reported. METHODS Publications and clinical trials dealing with OV and HNC were searched in PubMed and international platforms for clinical study records. Studies on preclinical and clinical trials regarding oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Adenovirus, Vacciniavirus and Reovirus were selected. RESULTS Enhanced infection and killing of tumor cells through capsid and genome modifications of OV were reported in recent preclinical studies. Most of the clinical studies were phase-I/II trials. In phase III studies, tumor regression and prolonged survival were observed after treatment with oncolytic HSV, Adenoviruses and Reoviruses. In most trials, OV were combined with chemoradiotherapy or immunotherapy. CONCLUSION In the published studies, OV treatment of HNC patients was safe, often well tolerated and showed promising results with regard to response and survival, especially in combination with chemoradiotherapy or checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Runge
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Islam S, Espitia CM, Persky DO, Carew JS, Nawrocki ST. Targeting JAK/STAT Signaling Antagonizes Resistance to Oncolytic Reovirus Therapy Driven by Prior Infection with HTLV-1 in Models of T-Cell Lymphoma. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071406. [PMID: 34372612 PMCID: PMC8310324 DOI: 10.3390/v13071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that infects at least 10 million people worldwide and is associated with the development of T-cell lymphoma (TCL). The treatment of TCL remains challenging and new treatment options are urgently needed. With the goal of developing a novel therapeutic approach for TCL, we investigated the activity of the clinical formulation of oncolytic reovirus (Reolysin, Pelareorep) in TCL models. Our studies revealed that HTLV-1-negative TCL cells were highly sensitive to Reolysin-induced cell death, but HTLV-1-positive TCL cells were resistant. Consistent with these data, reovirus displayed significant viral accumulation in HTLV-1-negative cells, but failed to efficiently replicate in HTLV-1-positive cells. Transcriptome analyses of HTLV-1-positive vs. negative cells revealed a significant increase in genes associated with retroviral infection including interleukin-13 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). To investigate the relationship between HTLV-1 status and sensitivity to Reolysin, we infected HTLV-1-negative cells with HTLV-1. The presence of HTLV-1 resulted in significantly decreased sensitivity to Reolysin. Treatment with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib suppressed STAT5 phosphorylation and expression of the key anti-viral response protein MX1 and enhanced the anti-TCL activity of Reolysin in both HTLV-1-positive and negative cells. Our data demonstrate that the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway can be used as a novel approach to antagonize the resistance of HTLV-1-positive cells to oncolytic virus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariful Islam
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.I.); (C.M.E.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Claudia M. Espitia
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.I.); (C.M.E.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Daniel O. Persky
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Jennifer S. Carew
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.I.); (C.M.E.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Steffan T. Nawrocki
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.I.); (C.M.E.); (J.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-520-626-7395
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3
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Osu N, Kobayashi D, Shirai K, Musha A, Sato H, Hirota Y, Shibata A, Oike T, Ohno T. Relative Biological Effectiveness of Carbon Ions for Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas According to Human Papillomavirus Status. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030071. [PMID: 32722522 PMCID: PMC7565683 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has strong antitumor effects and excellent dose conformity. In head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), human papillomavirus (HPV) status is a prognostic factor for photon radiotherapy outcomes. However, the effect of HPV status on the sensitivity of HNSCCs to carbon ions remains unclear. Here, we showed that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon ions over X-rays was higher in HPV-negative cells than in HSGc-C5 cells, which are used for CIRT dose establishment, whereas the RBE in HPV-positive cells was modest. These data indicate that CIRT is more advantageous in HPV-negative than in HPV-positive HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Osu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Daijiro Kobayashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, 617-1, Takahayashi-nishicho, Ota 373-8550, Japan;
| | - Katsuyuki Shirai
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Musha
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiro Sato
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Yuka Hirota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.M.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-27-220-8383
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.M.); (H.S.)
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4
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Carey RM, Rajasekaran K, Seckar T, Lin X, Wei Z, Tong CCL, Ranasinghe VJ, Newman JG, O'Malley BW, Weinstein GS, Feldman MD, Robertson ES. The virome of HPV-positive tonsil squamous cell carcinoma and neck metastasis. Oncotarget 2020; 11:282-293. [PMID: 32076488 PMCID: PMC6980631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) represents the most common HPV-related malignancy in the United States with increasing incidence. There is heterogeneity between the behavior and response to treatment of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that may be linked to the tumor virome. In this prospective study, a pan-pathogen microarray (PathoChip) was used to determine the virome of early stage, p16-positive OPSCC and neck metastasis treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and neck dissection. The virome findings of primary tumors and neck lymph nodes were correlated with clinical data to determine if specific organisms were associated with clinical outcomes. A total of 114 patients were enrolled in the study. Double-stranded DNA viruses, specifically Papillomaviridae, showed the highest hybridization signal (viral copies) across all viral families in the primary and positive lymph node samples. High hybridization signals were also detected for signatures of Baculoviridae, Reoviridae, Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, and Polydnaviridae in most of the cancer specimens, including the lymph nodes without cancer present. Across all HPV signatures, HPV16 and 18 had the highest average hybridization signal index and prevalence. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has identified the viral signatures of OPSCC tumors. This will serve as a foundation for future research investigating the role of the virome in OPSCC. Further investigation into the OPSCC microbiome and its variations may allow for improved appreciation of the impact of microbial dysbiosis on risk stratification, oncologic outcomes, and treatment response which has been shown in other cancer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Co-first authors
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Co-first authors
| | - Tyler Seckar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Charles C L Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Viran J Ranasinghe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason G Newman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory S Weinstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Broutian TR, Jiang B, Li J, Akagi K, Gui S, Zhou Z, Xiao W, Symer DE, Gillison ML. Human papillomavirus insertions identify the PIM family of serine/threonine kinases as targetable driver genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 476:23-33. [PMID: 31958486 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) insertions in cancer genomes have been linked to various forms of focal genomic instability and altered expression of neighboring genes. Here we tested the hypothesis that investigation of HPV insertions in a head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line would identify targetable driver genes contributing to oncogenesis of other HNSCC. In the cell line UPCI:SCC090 HPV16 integration amplified the PIM1 serine/threonine kinase gene ~16-fold, thereby increasing transcript and protein levels. We used genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit PIM kinases in this and other HNSCC cell lines. Knockdown of PIM1 transcripts by transfected short hairpin RNAs reduced UPCI:SCC090 viability. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of PIM1 caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of PIM family kinases decreased growth of UPCI:SCC090 and additional HNSCC cell lines in vitro and a xenograft UPCI:SCC090 model in vivo. Based on established interactions between intracellular signaling pathways and relatively high levels of gene expression in almost all HNSCC, we also evaluated combinations of PIM kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. Dual inhibition of these pathways resulted in supra-additive cell death. These data support clinical testing of PIM inhibitors alone or in combination in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatevik R Broutian
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Keiko Akagi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Shanying Gui
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Zhengqiu Zhou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Weihong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - David E Symer
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
| | - Maura L Gillison
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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6
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Lee JW, Parameswaran J, Sandoval-Schaefer T, Eoh KJ, Yang DH, Zhu F, Mehra R, Sharma R, Gaffney SG, Perry EB, Townsend JP, Serebriiskii IG, Golemis EA, Issaeva N, Yarbrough WG, Koo JS, Burtness B. Combined Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) and WEE1 Inhibition Demonstrates Synergistic Antitumor Effect in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3430-3442. [PMID: 30755439 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) commonly bear disruptive mutations in TP53, resulting in treatment resistance. In these patients, direct targeting of p53 has not been successful, but synthetic lethal approaches have promise. Although Aurora A kinase (AURKA) is overexpressed and an oncogenic driver, its inhibition has only modest clinical effects in HPV-negative HNSCC. We explored a novel combination of AURKA and WEE1 inhibition to overcome intrinsic resistance to AURKA inhibition.Experimental Design: AURKA protein expression was determined by fluorescence-based automated quantitative analysis of patient specimens and correlated with survival. We evaluated treatment with the AURKA inhibitor alisertib (MLN8237) and the WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib (AZD1775), alone or in combination, using in vitro and in vivo HNSCC models. RESULTS Elevated nuclear AURKA correlated with worse survival among patients with p16(-) HNSCC. Alisertib caused spindle defects, G2-M arrest and inhibitory CDK1 phosphorylation, and cytostasis in TP53 mutant HNSCC FaDu and UNC7 cells. Addition of adavosertib to alisertib instead triggered mitotic entry and mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, in FaDu and Detroit 562 xenografts, this combination demonstrated synergistic effects on tumor growth and extended overall survival compared with either vehicle or single-agent treatment. CONCLUSIONS Combinatorial treatment with adavosertib and alisertib leads to synergistic antitumor effects in in vitro and in vivo HNSCC models. These findings suggest a novel rational combination, providing a promising therapeutic avenue for TP53-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Lee
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Janaki Parameswaran
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Teresa Sandoval-Schaefer
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kyung Jin Eoh
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Biosample Repository, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephen G Gaffney
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth B Perry
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey P Townsend
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ilya G Serebriiskii
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ja Seok Koo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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7
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Biron VL, O'Connell DA, Barber B, Clark JM, Andrews C, Jeffery CC, Côté DWJ, Harris J, Seikaly H. Transoral robotic surgery with radial forearm free flap reconstruction: case control analysis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 46:20. [PMID: 28292318 PMCID: PMC5351107 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-017-0196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The resection of large oropharyngeal tumors traditionally involves a lip-splitting mandibulotomy for adequate margin visualization and free flap reconstruction of the surgical defect. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has emerged as a technique that can resect large and complex oropharyngeal tumors, avoiding a lip-splitting approach. The aim of this study is to compare the lip-splitting mandibulotomy approach versus TORS for the management of advanced stage oropharyngeal carcinomas. Methods Prospectively collected data from 18 patients with advanced stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) who received TORS with radial forearm free flap reconstruction (RFFF) was compared to a matched cohort of 39 patients who received a lip-splitting mandibulotomy and RFFF. Patients were matched for stage, p16 positivity, smoking, age and gender. Length of hospital stay (LOHS), tracheostomy decanulation time, operative time, surgical margin status, and post-operative complications were compared between groups. Results Patients who received TORS with RFFF had a significantly lower mean LOHS, compared to patients who were treated by lip-splitting mandibulotomy and RFFF (14.4 vs 19.7 days, p = 0.03). No significant differences were seen between groups in terms of operative time, tracheostomy decannulation time, margin positivity and post-operative complications. Conclusion TORS with radial forearm free flap reconstruction is a safe, effective and cost-saving alternative to the lip-splitting mandibulotomy approach for the treatment of advanced stage OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L Biron
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440-112 st, 1E4 Walter Mackenzie Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada. .,Alberta Head & Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Daniel A O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440-112 st, 1E4 Walter Mackenzie Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.,Alberta Head & Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brittany Barber
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440-112 st, 1E4 Walter Mackenzie Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Jessica M Clark
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440-112 st, 1E4 Walter Mackenzie Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Colin Andrews
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Undergraduate Medical Education, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline C Jeffery
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440-112 st, 1E4 Walter Mackenzie Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - David W J Côté
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440-112 st, 1E4 Walter Mackenzie Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Harris
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440-112 st, 1E4 Walter Mackenzie Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.,Alberta Head & Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440-112 st, 1E4 Walter Mackenzie Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.,Alberta Head & Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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8
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Lindsay C, Seikaly H, Biron VL. Epigenetics of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: opportunities for novel chemotherapeutic targets. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 46:9. [PMID: 28143553 PMCID: PMC5282807 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-017-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression that do not directly alter DNA sequence. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, small and non-coding RNAs. Alterations in epigenetic profiles cause deregulation of fundamental gene expression pathways associated with carcinogenesis. The role of epigenetics in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has recently been recognized, with implications for novel biomarkers, molecular diagnostics and chemotherapeutics. In this review, important epigenetic pathways in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and negative OPSCC are summarized, as well as the potential clinical utility of this knowledge.This material has never been published and is not currently under evaluation in any other peer-reviewed publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Lindsay
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 1E4.34 WMC, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 1E4.34 WMC, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Vincent L Biron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 1E4.34 WMC, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
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9
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Investigation of EZH2 pathways for novel epigenetic treatment strategies in oropharyngeal cancer. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 45:54. [PMID: 27793210 PMCID: PMC5084374 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-016-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent decades, the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been rising worldwide as a result of increasing oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the oropharynx. EZH2 is an epigenetic regulatory protein associated with tumor aggressiveness and negative survival outcomes in several human cancers. We aimed to determine the role of EZH2 as a potential therapeutic epigenetic target in HPV-positive and negative OPSCC. Methods The expression of EZH2 was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in 2 HPV-positive and 2 HPV-negative cell lines. The cell lines were then cultured and treated with one of 3 EZH2 epigenetic inhibitors (3-deazaneplanocin A, GSK-343 and EPZ005687) or DMSO (control). Following 2, 4 and 7 days of treatment, cells were analyzed and compared by gene expression, cell survival and proliferation assays. Results EZH2 targeting resulted in greater inhibition of growth and survival in HPV-positive compared to HPV-negative cells lines. The expression profile of genes important in OPSCC also differed according to HPV-positivity for Ki67, CCND1, MET and PTEN/PIK3CA, but remained unchanged for EGFR, CDKN2A and p53. Conclusion Inhibition of EZH2 has anti-tumorigenic effects on OPSCC cells in culture that is more pronounced in HPV-positive cell lines. EZH2 is a promising epigenetic target for the treatment of OPSCC.
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10
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Marzouki HZ, Biron VL, Harris J, O'Connell D, Seikaly H. Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and anogenital cancers in men: Epidemiologic evaluation of association. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E2100-2. [PMID: 26849535 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible epidemiological association between oropharyngeal carcinoma and anogenital tumors. METHODS Population-based demographic and pathologic data on all male patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and anogenital cancer between 1980 and 2011 in the province of Alberta was collected. The risk of association between anogenital cancers and OPSCCs was estimated. RESULTS Between 1980 and 2011, a total of 2105 male patients were diagnosed with OPSCC and 914 with anogenital cancers. Only 5 patients were diagnosed with both. CONCLUSION In our male population, there was no significant association between anogenital and OPSCCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2100-E2102, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Z Marzouki
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent L Biron
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Harris
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel O'Connell
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Whang SN, Filippova M, Duerksen-Hughes P. Recent Progress in Therapeutic Treatments and Screening Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer. Viruses 2015; 7:5040-65. [PMID: 26393639 PMCID: PMC4584304 DOI: 10.3390/v7092860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has elicited significant interest in the role of high-risk HPV in tumorigenesis. Because patients with HPV-positive HNSCC have better prognoses than do their HPV-negative counterparts, current therapeutic strategies for HPV+ HNSCC are increasingly considered to be overly aggressive, highlighting a need for customized treatment guidelines for this cohort. Additional issues include the unmet need for a reliable screening strategy for HNSCC, as well as the ongoing assessment of the efficacy of prophylactic vaccines for the prevention of HPV infections in the head and neck regions. This review also outlines a number of emerging prospects for therapeutic vaccines, as well as for targeted, molecular-based therapies for HPV-associated head and neck cancers. Overall, the future for developing novel and effective therapeutic agents for HPV-associated head and neck tumors is promising; continued progress is critical in order to meet the challenges posed by the growing epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia N Whang
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Maria Filippova
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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12
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Zhang Z, Yang XF, Huang KQ, Ren L, Gou WF, Shen DF, Zhao S, Sun HZ, Takano Y, Zheng HC. The clinicopathological significances and biological functions of parafibromin expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9487-97. [PMID: 26124004 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulated parafibromin expression is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of parathyroid, breast, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers. To investigate the roles of parafibromin expression in tumorigenesis, progression, and prognostic evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), we transfected parafibromin-expressing plasmid into HNSCC cell and examined the phenotypes and their relevant molecules. Parafibromin expression was detected on tissue microarray containing squamous epithelium, dysplasia, and carcinoma of head and neck by immunohistochemistry. Parafibromin overexpression was found to suppress growth, migration, and invasion, and induce apoptosis, S arrest, and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (EMT), compared with the mock and control (P < 0.05). Both overexpression of Cyclin E1, Bax, and E-cadherin and hypoexpression of c-myc, Bcl-xL, and slug were detected in B88 transfectants, in comparison to mock and control by real-time PCR. Parafibromin expression was weaker in primary cancers than those in normal squamous tissue and dysplasia (P < 0.05), but stronger than the metastatic cancers in lymph node (P < 0.05). Parafibromin expression was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, but positively with human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity (P < 0.05). The HNSCCs in tongue showed more parafibromin expression than those in larynx (P < 0.05). There was stronger parafibromin expression in moderately-than poorly-differentiated carcinomas (P < 0.05). The significantly positive correlation was observed between parafibromin expression and relapse-free survival rate by Kaplan-Meier curves (P < 0.05). Cox's proportional hazard model indicated that distant metastasis and parafibromin expression were independent prognostic factors for overall and relapse-free survival of HNSCC, respectively (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that downregulated expression of parafibromin protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis, differentiation, and metastasis of HNSCCs possibly by inducing apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, and EMT. Parafibromin expression is an independent factor for relapse-free survival of HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Ke-Qiang Huang
- Department of Officer, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Officer, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Wen-Feng Gou
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Dao-Fu Shen
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Yasuo Takano
- School of Health Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Nishi-Kamata 5-23-22, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 144-8535, Japan
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
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