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Effendi SW, Ng IS. Non-native Pathway Engineering with CRISPRi for Carbon Dioxide Assimilation and Valued 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthesis in Escherichia coli Nissle. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2038-2044. [PMID: 38954490 PMCID: PMC11264323 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide emission and acidification during chemical biosynthesis are critical challenges toward microbial cell factories' sustainability and efficiency. Due to its acidophilic traits among workhorse lineages, the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) has emerged as a promising chemical bioproducer. However, EcN lacks a CO2-fixing system. Herein, EcN was equipped with a simultaneous CO2 fixation system and subsequently utilized to produce low-emission 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Two different artificial CO2-assimilating pathways were reconstructed: the novel ribose-1,5-bisphosphate (R15P) route and the conventional ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) route. CRISPRi was employed to target the pfkAB and zwf genes in order to redirect the carbon flux. As expected, the CRISPRi design successfully strengthened the CO2 fixation. The CO2-fixing route via R15P resulted in high biomass, while the engineered Ru5P route acquired the highest 5-ALA and suppressed the CO2 release by 77%. CO2 fixation during 5-ALA production in EcN was successfully synchronized through fine-tuning the non-native pathways with CRISPRi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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2
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Wu J, Wu J, He RL, Hu L, Liu DF, Li WW. Modularized Engineering of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for Efficient and Directional Synthesis of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid. Metab Eng 2024; 83:206-215. [PMID: 38710300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 has found widespread applications in pollutant transformation and bioenergy production, closely tied to its outstanding heme synthesis capabilities. However, this significant biosynthetic potential is still unexploited so far. Here, we turned this bacterium into a highly-efficient bio-factory for green synthesis of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA), an important chemical for broad applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food industries. The native C5 pathway genes of S. oneidensis was employed, together with the introduction of foreign anti-oxidation module, to establish the 5-ALA production module, resulting 87-fold higher 5-ALA yield and drastically enhanced tolerance than the wild type. Furthermore, the metabolic flux was regulated by using CRISPR interference and base editing techniques to suppress the competitive pathways to further improve the 5-ALA titer. The engineered strain exhibited 123-fold higher 5-ALA production capability than the wild type. This study not only provides an appealing new route for 5-ALA biosynthesis, but also presents a multi-dimensional modularized engineering strategy to broaden the application scope of S. oneidensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ru-Li He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Lan Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Dong-Feng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China; School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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3
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Boob AG, Zhu Z, Intasian P, Jain M, Petrov V, Lane ST, Tan SI, Xun G, Zhao H. CRISPR-COPIES: an in silico platform for discovery of neutral integration sites for CRISPR/Cas-facilitated gene integration. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:e30. [PMID: 38346683 PMCID: PMC11014336 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas system has emerged as a powerful tool for genome editing in metabolic engineering and human gene therapy. However, locating the optimal site on the chromosome to integrate heterologous genes using the CRISPR/Cas system remains an open question. Selecting a suitable site for gene integration involves considering multiple complex criteria, including factors related to CRISPR/Cas-mediated integration, genetic stability, and gene expression. Consequently, identifying such sites on specific or different chromosomal locations typically requires extensive characterization efforts. To address these challenges, we have developed CRISPR-COPIES, a COmputational Pipeline for the Identification of CRISPR/Cas-facilitated intEgration Sites. This tool leverages ScaNN, a state-of-the-art model on the embedding-based nearest neighbor search for fast and accurate off-target search, and can identify genome-wide intergenic sites for most bacterial and fungal genomes within minutes. As a proof of concept, we utilized CRISPR-COPIES to characterize neutral integration sites in three diverse species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cupriavidus necator, and HEK293T cells. In addition, we developed a user-friendly web interface for CRISPR-COPIES (https://biofoundry.web.illinois.edu/copies/). We anticipate that CRISPR-COPIES will serve as a valuable tool for targeted DNA integration and aid in the characterization of synthetic biology toolkits, enable rapid strain construction to produce valuable biochemicals, and support human gene and cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashutosh Girish Boob
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhixin Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Pattarawan Intasian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Manan Jain
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vassily Andrew Petrov
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephan Thomas Lane
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shih-I Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Guanhua Xun
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Fatma Z, Tan SI, Boob AG, Zhao H. A landing pad system for multicopy gene integration in Issatchenkia orientalis. Metab Eng 2023; 78:200-208. [PMID: 37343658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The robust nature of the non-conventional yeast Issatchenkia orientalis allows it to grow under highly acidic conditions and therefore, has gained increasing interest in producing organic acids using a variety of carbon sources. Recently, the development of a genetic toolbox for I. orientalis, including an episomal plasmid, characterization of multiple promoters and terminators, and CRISPR-Cas9 tools, has eased the metabolic engineering efforts in I. orientalis. However, multiplex engineering is still hampered by the lack of efficient multicopy integration tools. To facilitate the construction of large, complex metabolic pathways by multiplex CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify and prioritize genome-wide intergenic loci and characterized 47 gRNAs located in 21 intergenic regions. These loci are screened for guide RNA cutting efficiency, integration efficiency of a gene cassette, the resulting cellular fitness, and GFP expression level. We further developed a landing pad system using components from these well-characterized loci, which can aid in the integration of multiple genes using single guide RNA and multiple repair templates of the user's choice. We have demonstrated the use of the landing pad for simultaneous integrations of 2, 3, 4, or 5 genes to the target loci with efficiencies greater than 80%. As a proof of concept, we showed how the production of 5-aminolevulinic acid can be improved by integrating five copies of genes at multiple sites in one step. We have further demonstrated the efficiency of this tool by constructing a metabolic pathway for succinic acid production by integrating five gene expression cassettes using a single guide RNA along with five different repair templates, leading to the production of 9 g/L of succinic acid in batch fermentations. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a single gRNA-mediated CRISPR platform to build complex metabolic pathways in a non-conventional yeast. This landing pad system will be a valuable tool for the metabolic engineering of I. orientalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Fatma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Shih-I Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Aashutosh Girish Boob
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
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Pu W, Chen J, Zhou Y, Qiu H, Shi T, Zhou W, Guo X, Cai N, Tan Z, Liu J, Feng J, Wang Y, Zheng P, Sun J. Systems metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for hyper-production of 5‑aminolevulinic acid. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 36829220 PMCID: PMC9951541 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a promising biostimulant, feed nutrient, and photodynamic drug with wide applications in modern agriculture and therapy. Although microbial production of 5-ALA has been improved realized by using metabolic engineering strategies during the past few years, there is still a gap between the present production level and the requirement of industrialization. RESULTS In this study, pathway, protein, and cellular engineering strategies were systematically employed to construct an industrially competitive 5-ALA producing Escherichia coli. Pathways involved in precursor supply and product degradation were regulated by gene overexpression and synthetic sRNA-based repression to channel metabolic flux to 5-ALA biosynthesis. 5-ALA synthase was rationally engineered to release the inhibition of heme and improve the catalytic activity. 5-ALA transport and antioxidant defense systems were targeted to enhance cellular tolerance to intra- and extra-cellular 5-ALA. The final engineered strain produced 30.7 g/L of 5-ALA in bioreactors with a productivity of 1.02 g/L/h and a yield of 0.532 mol/mol glucose, represent a new record of 5-ALA bioproduction. CONCLUSIONS An industrially competitive 5-ALA producing E. coli strain was constructed with the metabolic engineering strategies at multiple layers (protein, pathway, and cellular engineering), and the strategies here can be useful for developing industrial-strength strains for biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pu
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jiuzhou Chen
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Yingyu Zhou
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,grid.413109.e0000 0000 9735 6249College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Huamin Qiu
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Tuo Shi
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Xuan Guo
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Ningyun Cai
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,grid.413109.e0000 0000 9735 6249College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Zijian Tan
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jiao Liu
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308, China. .,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308, China. .,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jibin Sun
- grid.458513.e0000 0004 1763 3963Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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Kanwal S, De-Eknamkul W. A Non-functional γ-Aminobutyric Acid Shunt Pathway in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Enhances δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Accumulation under Modified Nutrient Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1213. [PMID: 36674729 PMCID: PMC9864891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To redirect carbon flux from the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt to the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic pathway, we disrupted the GABA shunt route of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by inactivating Gdc, the gene-encoding glutamate decarboxylase. The generated ΔGdc strain exhibited lower intracellular GABA and higher ALA levels than the wild-type (WT) one. The ΔGdc strain’s ALA levels were ~2.8 times higher than those of the WT one when grown with levulinic acid (LA), a competitive inhibitor of porphobilinogen synthase. Abiotic stress conditions including salinity induced by 10 mM NaCl and cold at 4 °C increased the ALA levels in ΔGdc up to ~2.5 and 5 ng g−1 cell DW, respectively. The highest ALA production in the ΔGdc cyanobacteria grown in BG11 medium was triggered by glucose induction, followed by glutamate supplementation with 60 mM of LA, thereby resulting in ~360 ng g−1 cell DW of ALA, that is >300-fold higher ALA accumulation than that observed in ΔGdc cyanobacteria grown in normal medium. Increased levels of the gdhA (involved in the interconversion of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate) and the hemA (a major regulatory target of the ALA biosynthetic pathway) transcripts occurred in ΔGdc cyanobacteria grown under modified growth conditions. Our study provides critical insight into the facilitation of ALA production in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanchai De-Eknamkul
- Natural Product Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Ting WW, Ng IS. Adaptive laboratory evolution and metabolic regulation of genetic Escherichia coli W3110 toward low-carbon footprint production of 5-aminolevulinic acid. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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He G, Jiang M, Cui Z, Sun X, Chen T, Wang Z. Construction of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase variants by cysteine-targeted mutation to release heme inhibition. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:416-423. [PMID: 36089467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a vital precursor for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds, has been widely applied in agriculture and medicine, while extremely potential for the treatment of cancers, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and metabolic diseases in recent years. With the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, the biosynthesis of 5-ALA has attracted increasing attention. 5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS), the key enzyme for 5-ALA synthesis in the C4 pathway, is subject to stringent feedback inhibition by heme. In this work, cysteine-targeted mutation of ALAS was proposed to overcome this drawback. ALAS from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RP-ALAS) and Rhodobacter capsulatus (RC-ALAS) were selected for mutation and eight variants were generated. Variants RP-C132A and RC-C201A increased enzyme activities and released hemin inhibition, respectively, maintaining 82.5% and 81.9% residual activities in the presence of 15 μM hemin. Moreover, the two variants exhibited higher stability than that of their corresponding wild-type enzymes. Corynebacterium glutamicum overexpressing RP-C132A and RC-C201A produced 14.0% and 21.6% higher titers of 5-ALA than the control, respectively. These results strongly suggested that variants RP-C132A and RC-C201A obtained by utilizing cysteine-targeted mutation strategy released hemin inhibition, broadening their applications in 5-ALA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei He
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Meiru Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Son J, Joo JC, Baritugo KA, Jeong S, Lee JY, Lim HJ, Lim SH, Yoo JI, Park SJ. Consolidated microbial production of four-, five-, and six-carbon organic acids from crop residues: Current status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127001. [PMID: 35292386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The production of platform organic acids has been heavily dependent on petroleum-based industries. However, petrochemical-based industries that cannot guarantee a virtuous cycle of carbons released during various processes are now facing obsolescence because of the depletion of finite fossil fuel reserves and associated environmental pollutions. Thus, the transition into a circular economy in terms of the carbon footprint has been evaluated with the development of efficient microbial cell factories using renewable feedstocks. Herein, the recent progress on bio-based production of organic acids with four-, five-, and six-carbon backbones, including butyric acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (C4), 5-aminolevulinic acid and citramalic acid (C5), and hexanoic acid (C6), is discussed. Then, the current research on the production of C4-C6 organic acids is illustrated to suggest future directions for developing crop-residue based consolidated bioprocessing of C4-C6 organic acids using host strains with tailor-made capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kei-Anne Baritugo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seona Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Yu TH, Tan SI, Yi YC, Xue C, Ting WW, Chang JJ, Ng IS. New insight into the codon usage and medium optimization toward stable and high-level 5-aminolevulinic acid production in Escherichia coli. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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