1
|
Jiang Y, Chen Q, Shi D, Miao S, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu L, Chen Y, Wang R. Association of retinal microvascular curve tortuosity and multiple sclerosis: A cross-section analysis from the UK Biobank. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 88:105753. [PMID: 38996710 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence supporting that vascular abnormalities contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS), and retinal microvasculature functions as a visible window to observe vessels. We hypothesized that retinal vascular curve tortuosity is associated with MS, which this study aims to address. METHODS Participants from the UK Biobank with complete clinical records and gradable fundus photos were included in the study. Arteriolar and venular curve tortuosity and vessel area density are quantified automatically using a deep learning system. Individuals with MS were matched to healthy controls using propensity score matching (PSM). Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association between retinal vascular characteristics and MS. We also used a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the diagnostic performance of MS. RESULTS Venular curve tortuosity (VCT) was found to be significantly associated with MS. And patients with multiple sclerosis were probable to have lower VCT than the non-MS group (OR = 0.22 [95 % CI, 0.05 to 0.92], P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a significant association between vessel curve tortuosity and MS. The lower curve tortuosity of the retinal venular network may indicate a higher risk of incident multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danli Shi
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Suyu Miao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Latip AAA, Kipli K, Kamaruddin AMNA, Sapawi R, Lias K, Jalil MA, Tamrin KF, Tajudin NMA, Ong HY, Mahmood MH, Jali SK, Sahari SK, Mat DAA, Lim LT. Development of 3D-printed universal adapter in enhancing retinal imaging accessibility. 3D Print Med 2024; 10:23. [PMID: 39028380 PMCID: PMC11264814 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-024-00231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The revolutionary technology of smartphone-based retinal imaging has been consistently improving over the years. Smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices are designed to be portable, easy to use, and cost-efficient, which enables eye care to be more widely accessible especially in geographically remote areas. This enables early disease detection for those who are in low- and middle- income population or just in general has very limited access to eye care. This study investigates the limitation of smartphone compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Additionally, this study aims to propose a universal adapter design that is usable with an existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition device known as the PanOptic ophthalmoscope. This study also aims to simulate the reliability, validity, and performance overall of the developed prototype. METHODS A literature review has been conducted that identifies the limitation of smartphone compatibility among existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Designing and modeling of proposed adapter were performed using the software AutoCAD 3D. For the proposed performance evaluation, finite element analysis (FEA) in the software Autodesk Inventor and 5-point scale method were demonstrated. RESULTS Published studies demonstrate that most of the existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices have compatibility limited to specific older smartphone models. This highlights the benefit of a universal adapter in broadening the usability of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. A functional universal adapter design has been developed that demonstrates its compatibility with a variety of smartphones regardless of the smartphone dimension or the position of the smartphone's camera lens. The proposed performance evaluation method generates an efficient stress analysis of the proposed adapter design. The end-user survey results show a positive overall performance of the developed universal adapter. However, a significant difference between the expert's views on the developed adapter and the quality of images is observed. CONCLUSION The compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices is still mostly limited to specific smartphone models. Besides this, the concept of a universal and suitable adapter for retinal imaging using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope was presented and validated in this paper. This work provides a platform for future development of smartphone-based ophthalmoscope that is universal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisya Amelia Abdul Latip
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Kuryati Kipli
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia.
| | | | - Rohana Sapawi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Kasumawati Lias
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Arif Jalil
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Fikri Tamrin
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Mirza Afiqah Tajudin
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Han Yi Ong
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hamdi Mahmood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Suriati Khartini Jali
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Siti Kudnie Sahari
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Azra Awang Mat
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Lik Thai Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, 94300, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naz H, Nijhawan R, Ahuja NJ. Clinical utility of handheld fundus and smartphone-based camera for monitoring diabetic retinal diseases: a review study. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:41. [PMID: 38334896 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading global cause of vision loss, accounting for 4.8% of global blindness cases as estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Fundus photography is crucial in ophthalmology as a diagnostic tool for capturing retinal images. However, resource and infrastructure constraints limit access to traditional tabletop fundus cameras in developing countries. Additionally, these conventional cameras are expensive, bulky, and not easily transportable. In contrast, the newer generation of handheld and smartphone-based fundus cameras offers portability, user-friendliness, and affordability. Despite their potential, there is a lack of comprehensive review studies examining the clinical utilities of these handheld (e.g. Zeiss Visuscout 100, Volk Pictor Plus, Volk Pictor Prestige, Remidio NMFOP, FC161) and smartphone-based (e.g. D-EYE, iExaminer, Peek Retina, Volk iNview, Volk Vistaview, oDocs visoScope, oDocs Nun, oDocs Nun IR) fundus cameras. This review study aims to evaluate the feasibility and practicality of these available handheld and smartphone-based cameras in medical settings, emphasizing their advantages over traditional tabletop fundus cameras. By highlighting various clinical settings and use scenarios, this review aims to fill this gap by evaluating the efficiency, feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and remote capabilities of handheld and smartphone fundus cameras, ultimately enhancing the accessibility of ophthalmic services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huma Naz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
| | - Rahul Nijhawan
- Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Neelu Jyothi Ahuja
- Department of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ambaliya HC, Gupta R, Chahar C, Tyagi L, Chaturvedi H, Khedar RS. Smartphone-enabled retinal arteriovenous imaging and correlation with coronary SYNTAX score. Indian Heart J 2022; 74:458-463. [PMID: 36410414 PMCID: PMC9773282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of measurement of retinal arteriovenous (AV) ratio using a smartphone, we performed a comparative evaluation with fundus camera imaging and coronary SYNTAX score. METHOD Successive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who underwent coronary angiography were recruited for smartphone retinal imaging. Following pupillary dilatation, fundus camera images and smartphone photography were performed. Video images were captured with a smartphone, edited and analysed. Retinal artery and vein size at 0.5 and 1 disc diameter (DD) were measured using DICOM software by two independent observers. Another observer calculated SYNTAX score. RESULTS Analysable smartphone images were available in 91 (89.2%) of 102 patients. Tobacco use was found in 26%, hypertension in 54%, diabetes in 55%, and high LDL cholesterol in 50%. Median and 25-75 interquartile range (IQR) AV ratio at 0.5 and 1.0 DD, respectively, with smartphone were 0.48 (0.45-0.52) and 0.47 (0.45-0.52) and fundus camera were 0.48 (0.44-0.53) and 0.48 (0.45-0.53) (Spearman's correlation 0.80 and 0.79, p < 0.001). Coronary single vessel disease was in 21%, double vessel in 16%, triple vessel in 55%, normal angiogram in 8%, and median SYNTAX score was 18.0 (8.0-25.0). There was an inverse correlation of SYNTAX score with smartphone-derived AV ratio at 0.5 and 1.0 DD (rho -0.27,p = 0.007 and -0.26,p = 0.009) as well as with fundus camera (rho -0.37 and -0.38, p < 0.001). Trend-analysis showed an inverse association of smartphone AV ratio with increasing CAD (ptrend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Smartphone-based retinal AV imaging is feasible and comparable to fundus-camera imaging. There is a significant inverse correlation with coronary angiographic severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lokendra Tyagi
- Departments of Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pujari A, Saluja G, Agarwal D, Sinha A, P R A, Kumar A, Sharma N. Clinical Role of Smartphone Fundus Imaging in Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Neuro-retinal Diseases. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1605-1613. [PMID: 34325587 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1958347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In today's life, many electronic gadgets have the potential to become invaluable health care devices in future. The gadgets in this category include smartphones, smartwatches, and others. Till now, smartphone role has been highlighted on many occasions in different areas, and they continue to possess immense role in clinical documentation, clinical consultation, and digitalization of ocular care. In last one decade, many treatable conditions including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other pediatric retinal diseases are being imaged using smartphones.Methods: To comprehend this cumulative knowledge, a detailed medical literature search was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science till February 2021.Results: The included literature revealed a definitive progress in posterior segment imaging. From simple torch light with smartphone examination to present day compact handy devices with artificial intelligence integrated software's have changed the very perspectives of ocular imaging in ophthalmology. The consistently reproducible results, constantly improving imaging techniques, and most importantly their affordable costs have renegotiated their role as effective screening devices in ophthalmology. Moreover, the obtained field of view, ocular safety, and their key utility in non-ophthalmic specialties are also growing.Conclusions: To conclude, smartphone imaging can now be considered as a quick, cost-effective, and digitalized tool for posterior segment screenings, however, their definite role in routine ophthalmic clinics is yet to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Pujari
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Saluja
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Agarwal
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayushi Sinha
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananya P R
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|