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A Locally Advanced Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Arising from Vaginal Endometriosis: Management and Review of the Literature. REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reports4030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma associated with endometriosis at extrauterine or extraovarian localization is a rare entity. Often presenting with local spread without nodal and distant metastasis, this entity has no specific staging system nor treatment guidelines. In the case of nodal and distant spread, the treatment decision requires personalization. In this article, we present the diagnosis and surgical and systemic treatment of a 56-year-old woman diagnosed with an endometriosis-associated advanced endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the vagina with nodal involvement. Following an extensive review of the scarce data reported to guide the treatment choices in this rare setting, we proposed a multidisciplinary treatment with laparoscopic surgical cytoreduction, four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel, and radiotherapy with brachytherapy. Due to an anaphylactic reaction on the first administration, paclitaxel was replaced with nab-paclitaxel. Despite many negative prognostic factors, the patient is free from relapse after 48 months. We report the case of a locally advanced endometrioid adenocarcinoma associated with endometriosis of the vagina, with pelvic nodal spread, and the relevant literature review of similar cases.
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Sapalidis K, Machairiotis N, Zarogoulidis P, Vasilakaki S, Sardeli C, Koimtzis G, Pavlidis E, Katsaounis A, Giannakidis D, Michalopoulos N, Mantalobas S, Alexandrou V, Koulouris C, Amaniti A, Kesisoglou I. Genes' Interactions: A Major Contributor to the Malignant Transformation of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081842. [PMID: 31013963 PMCID: PMC6515388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to the malignant transformation of endometriosis are still under investigation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic link between endometriosis and cancer by examining and correlating the latest clinical observations with biological experimental data. We collected updated evidence about the genetic relationship between endometriosis and cancers by conducting a comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus databases, focusing on the papers published between January 2018 and January 2019. New insights into the mechanism of the malignant transformation of endometriosis have been published recently. The use of state-of-the-art techniques and methods, such as the genome-wide association study analysis and the weighted gene co-expression analysis, have significantly altered our understanding of the association between endometriosis and endometriosis-associated cancer development. Interestingly, the interactions formed between genes seem to play a pivotal role in the phenotypic expression of mutations. Therefore, the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms and the function of the expression quantitative trait loci on genes’ expression have been the subject of many recent works. In addition, it has been discovered that genes, the mutations of which have been related to the development of endometriosis, play a role as hub genes. This may lead to new areas of research for understanding the mechanism of malignant transformation of the disease. Significant steps forward have been made towards the identification of factors that control the malignant transformation of endometriosis. Still, due to rarity of the event, a better-organized scheme for sampling on a global level should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sapalidis
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynaecology, Royal Oldham Hospital, Pennine Accute Trust, Oldham OL12JH, UK.
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynaecology, Royal Oldham Hospital, Pennine Accute Trust, Oldham OL12JH, UK.
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Sofia Vasilakaki
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Chrysanthi Sardeli
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 52236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - George Koimtzis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Efstathios Pavlidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Katsaounis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Giannakidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Michalopoulos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Stylianos Mantalobas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Vyron Alexandrou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Amaniti
- Anesthesiology Department, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 52236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Isaak Kesisoglou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, "AHEPA" University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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