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Verzeletti V, Cannone G, Hirtler L, Bonis A, Lloret Madrid A, Marino MC, Shamshoum F, Lione L, Zuin A, Dell’Amore A, Rea F. Step-by-Step Dissection of the Mediastinum: A Training Protocol. SURGERIES 2023; 4:471-482. [DOI: 10.3390/surgeries4030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2025] Open
Abstract
The understanding of mediastinal anatomy represents a real challenge because of the vital structures inside it and due to its complex relationships with surrounding anatomical regions. Human anatomical specimens are always used both for the teaching of anatomy and the training of young surgeons, thus providing a deep understanding of the most complex anatomical regions and allowing less experienced surgeons to become familiar with surgical instruments and their use on actual human tissues. Despite the spread of these learning practices, there are no principles of dissection to follow for a young physician interested in the anatomy of the mediastinum. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to define a reliable and reproducible protocol for the dissection of the mediastinum. A stratigraphic anatomical dissection on three embalmed human specimens was performed. All steps were documented by high-quality photographs, taken with a professional digital reflex camera, and subsequently edited. A step-by-step anatomical dissection guide was created, detailing every phase, guiding the dissection of the mediastinal anatomy, and leading to the correct identification of its main anatomical structures. We present a step-by-step dissection guide to the mediastinal anatomy with point-by-point explanations and dedicated images, providing an additional tool for the comprehension of this complex anatomical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Verzeletti
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cannone
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Lena Hirtler
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Bonis
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Lloret Madrid
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Carlotta Marino
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Fares Shamshoum
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Lione
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Zuin
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Udine University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Dell’Amore
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public-Health, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Bioengineering for head and neck reconstruction: the role of customized flaps. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 29:156-160. [PMID: 33664198 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of the present and future applications of bioengineering for head and neck reconstruction, ranging from the application of Computed Assisted Surgery (CAS) to the most recent advances in 3D printing and tissue engineering. RECENT FINDINGS The use of CAS in head and neck reconstruction has been demonstrated to provide shorter surgical times, improved reconstructive accuracy of bone reconstruction, and achieves better alignment of bone segments in osteotomized reconstructions. Beyond its classical application in bone reconstructions, CAS has demonstrated reliability in the planning and harvesting of soft tissue flaps. To date, literature regarding bioengineering for head and neck reconstruction is mainly focused on in-vitro and animal model experiments; however, some pioneering reports on human patients suggest the potential feasibility of this technology. SUMMARY Bioengineering is anticipated to play a key role in the future development of customized flaps for head and neck reconstruction. These technologies are particularly appealing as a new technology to address certain unsolved challenges in head and neck reconstruction.
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Kim DW, Jo YY, Garagiola U, Choi JY, Kang YJ, Oh JH, Kim SG. Increased Level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors by 4-hexylresorcinol is Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Accelerates Capillary Regeneration in the Burns in Diabetic Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3473. [PMID: 32423083 PMCID: PMC7279008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Hexyl resorcinol (4HR) is an organic compound and has been used in skin care application. 4HR is an M2-type macrophage activator and elevates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-independent pathway. As endothelial cells are important in wound healing, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 4HR, and changes in VEGF-A, -C, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression were investigated. The administration of 4HR increased the expression level of VEGF-A, -C, and TGF-β1. The application of TGF-β1 protein also increased the expression level of VEGF-A and -C. Knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting to TGF-β1 and the selective chemical inhibition (A83-01) to ALK5 confirmed the involvement of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the 4-HR-mediated VEGFs expression. 4HR application in a burn model of diabetic rats demonstrated an increased level of angiogenic proteins with wound healing. Compared to sericin application, the 4HR application group showed more prominent capillary regeneration. Collectively, 4HR activated TGF-β1/ALK5/VEGFs signaling in endothelial cells and induced vascular regeneration and remodeling for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;
| | - You-Young Jo
- Sericultural and Apicultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Yei-Jin Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (J.-H.O.)
| | - Ji-Hyeon Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (J.-H.O.)
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (J.-H.O.)
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The Administration of 4-Hexylresorcinol Accelerates Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Increases the Expression Level of Bone Turnover Markers in Ovariectomized Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041526. [PMID: 32102282 PMCID: PMC7073238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical methods for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement are limited by possible damage to the tooth root and patient discomfort. 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) has been shown to increase bone remodeling and may potentially facilitate tooth movement. This study investigated the (1) effect of 4HR administration on osteoblast-like cells and (2) effect of 4HR administration on tooth movement in ovariectomized rats. Saos-2 cells were treated with either 4HR or solvent (control). Protein expression levels were investigated 2, 8, and 24 h after treatment. Thirty ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two experimental groups (A and B) and one control group. After installation of an orthodontic tooth movement device, groups A and B received subcutaneous weekly injections of 4HR (1.28 and 128 mg/kg). Micro-computerized tomography and histological analyses were performed after 2 weeks of tooth movement. The application of 4HR elevated expression of osteogenic markers in Saos-2 cells. Movement of the first molars was significantly greater in rats administered 4HR. Furthermore, the expression of bone morphogenic protein-2, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, osteocalcin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were increased after 4HR administration. 4HR application demonstrated increased expression of osteogenic markers in Saos-2 cells and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement in rats.
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Kim SG. Classification of the journal category "oral surgery" in the Scopus and the Science Citation Index Expanded: flaws and suggestions. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 45:186-191. [PMID: 31508350 PMCID: PMC6728620 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2019.45.4.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the journal category “oral surgery” in Scopus and in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE). Materials and Methods The Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (JOMS), The Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (JKAOMS), and The Journal of Prosthodontic Research (JPR) were selected from the Scopus list of journals as oral surgery journals. Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (MPRS) was selected from PubMed as a Scopus oral surgery title. From these titles, 10 recently published articles were collected and used for reference analysis. Results The percentage of citations from oral surgery journals was 26.7%, 24.5%, and 40.1% for JKAOMS, MPRS, and JOMS, respectively. In total, 1.1% of JPR's citations were from oral surgery journals and significantly fewer from other journals (P<0.001). The percentage of citations from dentistry journals excluding oral surgery journals was 11.9%, 34.4%, and 15.8% for JKAOMS, MPRS, and JOMS, respectively. For JPR, 80.6% of citations were from dentistry journals and significantly more were from other journals (P<0.001). Conclusion Selected samples revealed that JPR is incorrectly classified as an oral surgery journal in Scopus. In addition, the scientific interaction among JKAOMS, MPRS, and JOMS was different to JPR in the reference analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
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