1
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Feng J, Wu Y. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Potential Target of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023; 23:231-246. [PMID: 36841924 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic agents is becoming more frequent as the proportion of new oncology patients increases worldwide, with prolonged survival after treatment. As one of the most popular chemotherapy drugs, doxorubicin plays a substantial role in the treatment of tumors. Unfortunately, the use of doxorubicin is associated with several adverse effects, particularly severe cardiotoxicity that can be life-threatening, which greatly limits its clinical use. For decades, scientists have tried to explore many cardioprotective agents and therapeutic approaches, but their efficacy remains controversial, and some drugs have even brought about significant adverse effects. The concrete molecular mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is still to be unraveled, yet endothelial damage is gradually being identified as an important mechanism triggering the development and progression of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a fundamental process regulating morphogenesis in multicellular organisms, is recognized to be associated with endothelial damage repair and acts as an important factor in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, tumors, and rheumatic immune diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that endothelial-mesenchymal transition may play a non-negligible role in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of EndMT and outlined the molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and the current therapeutic advances. Furthermore, we summarized the basic principles of doxorubicin-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition that lead to endothelial dysfunction and cardiotoxicity, aiming to provide suggestions or new ideas for the prevention and treatment of doxorubicin-induced endothelial and cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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2
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The Impact of Exercise on Cardiotoxicity in Pediatric and Adolescent Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6350-6363. [PMID: 36135069 PMCID: PMC9497997 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29090500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors are disproportionately more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases from the late effects of cardiotoxic therapies (e.g., anthracycline-based chemotherapy and chest-directed radiotherapy). Currently, dexrazoxane is the only approved drug for preventing cancer treatment-related cardiac damage. While animal models highlight the beneficial effects of exercise cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction, few clinical studies have been conducted. Thus, the objective of this scoping review was to explore the designs and impact of exercise-based interventions for managing cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction in childhood and adolescent cancer survivors. Reviewers used Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology to identify relevant literature. Then, 4616 studies were screened, and three reviewers extracted relevant data from six reports. Reviewers found that exercise interventions to prevent cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction in childhood and adolescent cancer survivors vary regarding frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise intervention. Further, the review suggests that exercise promotes positive effects on managing cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction across numerous indices of heart health. However, the few clinical studies employing exercise interventions for childhood and adolescent cancer survivors highlight the necessity for more research in this area.
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3
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Huang W, Xu R, Zhou B, Lin C, Guo Y, Xu H, Guo X. Clinical Manifestations, Monitoring, and Prognosis: A Review of Cardiotoxicity After Antitumor Strategy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:912329. [PMID: 35757327 PMCID: PMC9226336 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.912329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of various antitumor drugs has significantly improved the survival of patients with cancer. Many first-line chemotherapy drugs are cytotoxic and the cardiotoxicity is one of the most significant effects that could leads to poor prognosis and decreased survival rate. Cancer treatment include traditional anthracycline drugs, as well as some new targeted drugs such as trastuzumab and ICIs. These drugs may directly or indirectly cause cardiovascular injury through different mechanisms, and lead to increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease or accelerating the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiotoxicity is clinically manifested by arrhythmia, decreased cardiac function, or even sudden death. The cardiotoxicity caused by traditional chemotherapy drugs such as anthracyclines are significantly known. The cardiotoxicity of some new antitumor drugs such like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is also relatively clear and requiring further observation and verification. This review is focused on major three drugs with relatively high incidence of cardiotoxicity and poor prognosis and intended to provide an update on the clinical complications and outcomes of these drugs, and we innovatively summarize the monitoring status of survivors using these drugs and discuss the biomarkers and non-invasive imaging features to identify early cardiotoxicity. Finally, we summarize the prevention that decreasing antitumor drugs-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Center for Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Hematology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingkun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huayan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Hematology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Vuong JT, Stein-Merlob AF, Cheng RK, Yang EH. Novel Therapeutics for Anthracycline Induced Cardiotoxicity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:863314. [PMID: 35528842 PMCID: PMC9072636 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.863314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines remain an essential component of the treatment of many hematologic and solid organ malignancies, but has important implications on cardiovascular disease. Anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) ranges from asymptomatic LV dysfunction to highly morbid end- stage heart failure. As cancer survivorship improves, the detection and treatment of AIC becomes more crucial to improve patient outcomes. Current treatment modalities for AIC have been largely extrapolated from treatment of conventional heart failure, but developing effective therapies specific to AIC is an area of growing research interest. This review summarizes the current evidence behind the use of neurohormonal agents, dexrazoxane, and resynchronization therapy in AIC, evaluates the clinical outcomes of advanced therapy and heart transplantation in AIC, and explores future horizons for treatment utilizing gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and mechanism-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T. Vuong
- Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley F. Stein-Merlob
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard K. Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Eric H. Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric H. Yang,
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5
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Lu Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Kang Y, Liao Z, He Y, Zhang C. Novel Immunotherapies for Osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:830546. [PMID: 35433427 PMCID: PMC9012135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.830546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone sarcoma mainly affecting adolescents and young adults, which often progresses to pulmonary metastasis and leads to the death of OS patients. OS is characterized as a highly heterogeneous cancer type and the underlying pathologic mechanisms triggering tumor progress and metastasis are incompletely recognized. Surgery combined with neoadjuvant and postoperative chemotherapy has elevated 5-year survival to over 70% for patients with localized OS tumors, as opposed to only 20% of patients with recurrence and/or metastasis. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional treatments. Immunotherapy is gaining momentum for the treatment of OS with an increasing number of FDA-approved therapies for malignancies resistant to conventional therapies. Here, we review the OS tumor microenvironment and appraise the promising immunotherapies available in the management of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cangyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cangyu Zhang,
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6
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Brickler M, Raskin A, Ryan TD. Current State of Pediatric Cardio-Oncology: A Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020127. [PMID: 35204848 PMCID: PMC8870613 DOI: 10.3390/children9020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The landscape of pediatric oncology has dramatically changed over the course of the past several decades with five-year survival rates surpassing 80%. Anthracycline therapy has been the cornerstone of many chemotherapy regimens for pediatric patients since its introduction in the 1960s, and recent improved survival has been in large part due to advancements in chemotherapy, refinement of supportive care treatments, and development of novel therapeutics such as small molecule inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Unfortunately, many cancer-targeted therapies can lead to acute and chronic cardiovascular pathologies. The range of cardiotoxicity can vary but includes symptomatic or asymptotic heart failure, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, valvar disease, pericardial disease, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease. There is lack of data guiding primary prevention and treatment strategies in the pediatric population, which leads to substantial practice variability. Several important future research directions have been identified, including as they relate to cardiac disease, prevention strategies, management of cardiovascular risk factors, risk prediction, early detection, and the role of genetic susceptibility in development of cardiotoxicity. Continued collaborative research will be key in advancing the field. The ideal model for pediatric cardio-oncology is a proactive partnership between pediatric cardiologists and oncologists in order to better understand, treat, and ideally prevent cardiac disease in pediatric oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas D. Ryan
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
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ZHANG L, CHEN B, GUAN P, ZHANG Z. Serum level of miR-217 predicts prognostic outcome for osteosarcoma patients in China. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.47121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Hecker-Nolting S, Langer T, Blattmann C, Kager L, Bielack SS. Current Insights into the Management of Late Chemotherapy Toxicities in Pediatric Osteosarcoma Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8989-8998. [PMID: 34880679 PMCID: PMC8647031 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s287908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With ever increasing long-term, disease free survival rates, long-term toxicities of otherwise successful therapy have gained increasing importance. They can be grouped into potentially life-threatening, especially secondary malignancies and anthracycline cardiomyopathies, potentially disabling, particularly severe hearing loss and renal insufficiency, other, and rare events. Pathophysiology, frequency, and medical treatment approaches are discussed. Finally, fertility issues and quality of life issues are discussed, together with an outlook into the future. The challenge to cure as many patients as possible from osteosarcoma while enabling a life free of late effects will remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hecker-Nolting
- Pädiatrie 5 (Onkologie, Hämatologie, Immunologie), Zentrum für Kinder-, Jugend- und Frauenmedizin, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Klinikum Stuttgart - Olgahospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thorsten Langer
- Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claudia Blattmann
- Pädiatrie 5 (Onkologie, Hämatologie, Immunologie), Zentrum für Kinder-, Jugend- und Frauenmedizin, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Klinikum Stuttgart - Olgahospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leo Kager
- St. Anna Kinderspital, Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan S Bielack
- Pädiatrie 5 (Onkologie, Hämatologie, Immunologie), Zentrum für Kinder-, Jugend- und Frauenmedizin, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Klinikum Stuttgart - Olgahospital, Stuttgart, Germany.,Abteilung für Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin - Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie, Münster, Germany
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Gally TB, Aleluia MM, Borges GF, Kaneto CM. Circulating MicroRNAs as Novel Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Osteosarcoma: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101432. [PMID: 34680065 PMCID: PMC8533382 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a fast-progressing bone tumor with high incidence in children and adolescents. The main diagnostic methods for OS are imaging exams and biopsies. In spite of the several resources available for detecting the disease, establishing an early diagnosis is still difficult, resulting in worse prognosis and lower survival rates for patients with OS. The identification of novel biomarkers would be helpful, and recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been pointed to as possible non-invasive biomarkers. In order to assess the effectiveness of miRNA research, we performed a systematic review to assess the potential role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for OS diagnosis. We performed a search in various databases—PubMed, LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), VHL (Virtual Health Library), Elsevier, Web of Science, Gale Academic One File—using the terms: “Circulating microRNAs” OR “plasma microRNAs” OR “serum microRNAs” OR “blood microRNAs” OR “cell-free microRNAs” OR “exosome microRNAs” OR “extracellular vesicles microRNAs” OR “liquid biopsy” AND “osteosarcoma” AND “diagnostic”. We found 35 eligible studies that were independently identified and had had their quality assessed according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. Despite the useful number of publications on this subject and the fact that several microRNAs showed excellent diagnostic performance for OS, the lack of consistency in results suggests that additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Borges Gally
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, llhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil;
| | - Milena Magalhães Aleluia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil;
| | - Grasiely Faccin Borges
- Public Policies and Social Technologies Center, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna 45613-204, BA, Brazil;
| | - Carla Martins Kaneto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Mechanisms and Insights for the Development of Heart Failure Associated with Cancer Therapy. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090829. [PMID: 34572260 PMCID: PMC8468170 DOI: 10.3390/children8090829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a well-recognized late effect among childhood cancer survivors. With various pediatric cancers becoming increasingly curable, it is imperative to understand the disease burdens that survivors may face in the future. In order to prevent or mitigate cardiovascular complications, we must first understand the mechanistic underpinnings. This review will examine the underlying mechanisms of cardiotoxicity that arise from traditional antineoplastic chemotherapies, radiation therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as newer cellular therapies and targeted cancer therapies. We will then propose areas for prevention, primarily drawing from the anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity literature. Finally, we will explore the role of human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes and genetics in advancing the field of cardio-oncology.
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11
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Diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment and Surveillance of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity in Pediatric Cancer Survivors. HEARTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in pediatric cancer therapies have dramatically improved the likelihood of survival. As survivors are aging, however, we are now understanding that treatment carries a significant risk of cardiovascular toxicity, which can develop immediately, or even many years after completing therapy. Anthracycline derivates are some of the most commonly used agents in pediatric oncology treatment protocols, which have a dose-dependent correlation with the development of cardiac toxicity. As we learn more about the mechanisms of toxicity, we are developing prevention strategies, including improvements in surveillance, to improve early diagnosis of heart disease. Current survivorship surveillance protocols often include screening echocardiograms to evaluate systolic function by measuring the ejection fraction or fractional shortening. However, these measurements alone are not enough to capture early myocardial changes. The use of additional imaging biomarkers, serum biomarkers, electrocardiograms, as well as cholesterol and blood pressure screening, are key to the early detection of cardiomyopathy and cardiovascular disease. Medical treatment strategies are the same as those used for heart failure from other causes, but earlier recognition and implementation can lead to improved long term outcomes.
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Ishida J, Alli S, Bondoc A, Golbourn B, Sabha N, Mikloska K, Krumholtz S, Srikanthan D, Fujita N, Luck A, Maslink C, Smith C, Hynynen K, Rutka J. MRI-guided focused ultrasound enhances drug delivery in experimental diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Control Release 2020; 330:1034-1045. [PMID: 33188825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a surgically unresectable and devasting tumour in children. To date, there are no effective chemotherapeutics despite a myriad of clinical trials. The intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) is likely responsible for the limited clinical response to chemotherapy. MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a promising non-invasive method for treating CNS tumours. Moreover, MRgFUS allows for the temporary and repeated disruption of the BBB. Our group previously reported the feasibility of temporary BBB opening within the normal murine brainstem using MRgFUS following intravenous (IV) administration of microbubbles. In the current study, we set out to test the effectiveness of targeted chemotherapy when paired with MRgFUS in murine models of DIPG. Doxorubicin was selected from a drug screen consisting of conventional chemotherapeutics tested on patient-derived cell lines. We studied the RCAS/Tv-a model where RCAS-Cre, RCAS-PDGFB, and RCAS-H3.3K27M were used to drive tumourigenesis upon injection in the pons. We also used orthotopically injected SU-DIPG-6 and SU-DIPG-17 xenografts which demonstrated a diffusely infiltrative tumour growth pattern similar to human DIPG. In our study, SU-DIPG-17 xenografts were more representative of human DIPG with an intact BBB. Following IV administration of doxorubicin, MRgFUS-treated animals exhibited a 4-fold higher concentration of drug within the SU-DIPG-17 brainstem tumours compared to controls. Moreover, the volumetric tumour growth rate was significantly suppressed in MRgFUS-treated animals whose tumours also exhibited decreased Ki-67 expression. Herein, we provide evidence for the ability of MRgFUS to enhance drug delivery in a mouse model of DIPG. These data provide critical support for clinical trials investigating MRgFUS-mediated BBB opening, which may ameliorate DIPG chemotherapeutic approaches in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ishida
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saira Alli
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Bondoc
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Golbourn
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nesrin Sabha
- Genetics and Genome Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristina Mikloska
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stacey Krumholtz
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dilakshan Srikanthan
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naohide Fujita
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Luck
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Maslink
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Smith
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Rutka
- Cell Biology Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Lilienthal I, Herold N. Targeting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Efficacy and Resistance in Osteosarcoma: A Review of Current and Future Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186885. [PMID: 32961800 PMCID: PMC7555161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure. Introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1970s, however, dramatically increased overall survival rates from 20% to approximately 70%. Unfortunately, large clinical trials aiming to intensify treatment in the past decades have failed to achieve higher cure rates. In this review, we revisit how the heterogenous nature of osteosarcoma as well as acquired and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy can account for stagnation in therapy improvement. We summarise current osteosarcoma treatment strategies focusing on molecular determinants of treatment susceptibility and resistance. Understanding therapy susceptibility and resistance provides a basis for rational therapy betterment for both identifying patients that might be cured with less toxic interventions and targeting resistance mechanisms to sensitise resistant osteosarcoma to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lilienthal
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
| | - Nikolas Herold
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Paediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren’s Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
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