Mansourian M, Sadeghpour S, Aminorroaya A, Amini M, Jafari-Koshki T. Cause-Specific Risk Factors of Death in Individuals with Diabetes: A Competing Risks Modeling.
Int J Endocrinol Metab 2019;
17:e69419. [PMID:
31497037 PMCID:
PMC6678678 DOI:
10.5812/ijem.69419]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is on the rise worldwide.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of various causes of death in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
METHODS
In this cohort study on 2638 people with T2D, we applied cause-specific and sub-distribution hazards models to assess the impact of various factors on the risk of death. Moreover, we plotted a cumulative incidence curve to summarize cumulative failure rates over time.
RESULTS
About 75% of individuals with T2D died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). Death from CVD was associated with the increased risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.37 - 2.46), hypercholesterolemia (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17 - 2.14), and diabetes duration. The risk of death from CVA was related to hypertension (HR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.67 - 4.55) and hyperglycemia (HR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.75 - 10.79). The CVA risk in patients with diabetes duration of 10 - 20 years was higher than the risk in patients with diabetes duration > 20 years (diabetes duration of ≤ 10 years as the reference category). Diabetes duration of longer than 20 years was associated with a higher risk of death from cancer (HR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.05 - 6.68). The risk of death from foot infection and diabetic nephropathy increased in patients with longer diabetes duration after adjustment for sex, age, and body mass index.
CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of the cause, death rates in people with T2D increase over time and risk factors have different impacts on death from each cause. This should be acknowledged in risk management in individuals with T2D.
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