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Cabello MKE, De Guzman JE. Utilization of accessible resources in the fabrication of an affordable, portable, high-resolution, 3D printed, digital microscope for Philippine diagnostic applications. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002070. [PMID: 37988332 PMCID: PMC10662710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Philippine clinical laboratory licensing requirements mandate that diagnostic microscopy for Tuberculosis (TB) sputum microscopy, urinalysis, pap smears, wet smears, an option for complete blood count, stool exams, and malaria thick and thin smears should be accessible and available in health facilities including primary care centers. However, access to these essential diagnostics is hampered by the lack of trained personnel, relatively high costs for supplies and equipment especially in rural and underserved areas. This served as motivation for our team to utilize accessible resources in the form of affordable 3D printers, available CAD software, and components to build our low-cost Openflexure microscope (OFM) prototype. We successfully fabricated our prototype for a total of 310$ with a weight of 525g. We used pathology teaching slides from the Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health and examined the OFM prototype imaging capabilities. The calculated image resolution was 13% higher compared to an LED light microscope sample captured by a mobile phone at 40x and 15% for 100x. The sampled slide images had adequate clarity with some identifiable cellular features for Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), Tuberculosis in soft tissue, and Ascariasis. We were able to correct the color aberrations of the OFM we built and was able to scan images up to 1000x magnification without using oil. Given the features and cost, the OFM prototype can be an attractive and affordable option as an alternative or augmentation to diagnostic microscopy in Philippine primary care. Moreover, it may enable telepathology to support diagnostic microscopy in frontline care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kristan Espejo Cabello
- Research Faculty, Ateneo de Manila University School of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Research and Innovation, Pasig City, National Capital Region, Philippines
| | - Jeremie E. De Guzman
- Research Faculty, Ateneo de Manila University School of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Research and Innovation, Pasig City, National Capital Region, Philippines
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2
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Zheng P, Zhou C, Ding Y, Liu B, Lu L, Zhu F, Duan S. Nanopore sequencing technology and its applications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e316. [PMID: 37441463 PMCID: PMC10333861 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of Sanger sequencing in 1977, sequencing technology has played a pivotal role in molecular biology research by enabling the interpretation of biological genetic codes. Today, nanopore sequencing is one of the leading third-generation sequencing technologies. With its long reads, portability, and low cost, nanopore sequencing is widely used in various scientific fields including epidemic prevention and control, disease diagnosis, and animal and plant breeding. Despite initial concerns about high error rates, continuous innovation in sequencing platforms and algorithm analysis technology has effectively addressed its accuracy. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, nanopore sequencing played a critical role in detecting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus genome and containing the pandemic. However, a lack of understanding of this technology may limit its popularization and application. Nanopore sequencing is poised to become the mainstream choice for preventing and controlling COVID-19 and future epidemics while creating value in other fields such as oncology and botany. This work introduces the contributions of nanopore sequencing during the COVID-19 pandemic to promote public understanding and its use in emerging outbreaks worldwide. We discuss its application in microbial detection, cancer genomes, and plant genomes and summarize strategies to improve its accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Zheng
- Department of Clinical MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Chuntao Zhou
- Department of Clinical MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Yuemin Ding
- Department of Clinical MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Clinical MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Liuyi Lu
- Department of Clinical MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Clinical MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Department of Clinical MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouChina
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De Maio F, Rosa E, Perini G, Augello A, Niccolini B, Ciaiola F, Santarelli G, Sciandra F, Bozzi M, Sanguinetti M, Sali M, De Spirito M, Delogu G, Palmieri V, Papi M. 3D-printed graphene polylactic acid devices resistant to SARS-CoV-2: Sunlight-mediated sterilization of additive manufactured objects. CARBON 2022; 194:34-41. [PMID: 35313599 PMCID: PMC8926154 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has played a crucial role in the COVID-19 global emergency allowing for rapid production of medical devices, indispensable tools for hospitals, or personal protection equipment. However, medical devices, especially in nosocomial environments, represent high touch surfaces prone to viral infection and currently used filaments for 3D printing can't inhibit transmission of virus [1]. Graphene-family materials are capable of reinforcing mechanical, optical and thermal properties of 3D printed constructs. In particular, graphene can adsorb near-infrared light with high efficiency. Here we demonstrate that the addition of graphene nanoplatelets to PLA filaments (PLA-G) allows the creation of 3D-printed devices that can be sterilized by near-infrared light exposure at power density analog to sunlight. This method has been used to kill SARS-CoV-2 viral particles on the surface of 3D printed PLA-G by 3 min of exposure. 3D-printed PLA-G is highly biocompatible and can represent the ideal material for the production of sterilizable personal protective equipment and daily life objects intended for multiple users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio De Maio
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie - Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
| | - Enrico Rosa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Augello
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Niccolini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciaiola
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
| | - Giulia Santarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie - Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", (SCITEC)-CNR, Roma, Italy
| | - Manuela Bozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie - Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
| | - Michela Sali
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie - Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Dipartimento di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie - Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
- Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8 00168, Rome, Italy
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Khonsari RH, Oranger M, François PM, Mendoza-Ruiz A, Leroux K, Boussaid G, Prieur D, Hodge JP, Belle A, Midler V, Morelot-Panzini C, Patout M, Gonzalez-Bermejo J. Quality versus emergency: How good were ventilation fittings produced by additive manufacturing to address shortages during the COVID19 pandemic? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263808. [PMID: 35446853 PMCID: PMC9022824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) increased the risk of shortage in intensive care devices, including fittings with intentional leaks. 3D-printing has been used worldwide to produce missing devices. Here we provide key elements towards better quality control of 3D-printed ventilation fittings in a context of sanitary crisis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five 3D-printed designs were assessed for non-intentional (junctional and parietal) and intentional leaks: 4 fittings 3D-printed in-house using FDeposition Modelling (FDM), 1 FDM 3D-printed fitting provided by an independent maker, and 2 fittings 3D-printed in-house using Polyjet technology. Five industrial models were included as controls. Two values of wall thickness and the use of coating were tested for in-house FDM-printed devices. RESULTS Industrial and Polyjet-printed fittings had no parietal and junctional leaks, and satisfactory intentional leaks. In-house FDM-printed fittings had constant parietal leaks without coating, but this post-treatment method was efficient in controlling parietal sealing, even in devices with thinner walls (0.7 mm vs 2.3 mm). Nevertheless, the use of coating systematically induced absent or insufficient intentional leaks. Junctional leaks were constant with FDM-printed fittings but could be controlled using rubber junctions rather than usual rigid junctions. The properties of Polyjet-printed and FDM-printed fittings were stable over a period of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS 3D-printing is a valid technology to produce ventilation devices but requires care in the choice of printing methods, raw materials, and post-treatment procedures. Even in a context of sanitary crisis, devices produced outside hospitals should be used only after professional quality control, with precise data available on printing protocols. The mechanical properties of ventilation devices are crucial for efficient ventilation, avoiding rebreathing of CO2, and preventing the dispersion of viral particles that can contaminate health professionals. Specific norms are still required to formalise quality control procedures for ventilation fittings, with the rise of 3D-printing initiatives and the perspective of new pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Hossein Khonsari
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Délégation Inter-Départementale pour le Développement de la Fabrication Additive (DIDDFA), Direction générale, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Mathilde Oranger
- Service de Réhabilitation Respiratoire (Département R3S), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Ghilas Boussaid
- Service de Réhabilitation Respiratoire (Département R3S), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Prieur
- Délégation Inter-Départementale pour le Développement de la Fabrication Additive (DIDDFA), Direction générale, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoine Belle
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Compiègne-Noyon, Compiègne, France
| | - Vincent Midler
- Département de la Maîtrise d’Ouvrage et de la Politique Technique – DEFIP, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Morelot-Panzini
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, INSERM UMRS1158, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Patout
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, INSERM UMRS1158, Paris, France
- Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jésus Gonzalez-Bermejo
- Service de Réhabilitation Respiratoire (Département R3S), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, INSERM UMRS1158, Paris, France
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