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Patel P, Dhal K, Gupta R, Tappa K, Rybicki FJ, Ravi P. Medical 3D Printing Using Desktop Inverted Vat Photopolymerization: Background, Clinical Applications, and Challenges. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:782. [PMID: 37508810 PMCID: PMC10376892 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical 3D printing is a complex, highly interdisciplinary, and revolutionary technology that is positively transforming the care of patients. The technology is being increasingly adopted at the Point of Care (PoC) as a consequence of the strong value offered to medical practitioners. One of the key technologies within the medical 3D printing portfolio enabling this transition is desktop inverted Vat Photopolymerization (VP) owing to its accessibility, high quality, and versatility of materials. Several reports in the peer-reviewed literature have detailed the medical impact of 3D printing technologies as a whole. This review focuses on the multitude of clinical applications of desktop inverted VP 3D printing which have grown substantially in the last decade. The principles, advantages, and challenges of this technology are reviewed from a medical standpoint. This review serves as a primer for the continually growing exciting applications of desktop-inverted VP 3D printing in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimal Patel
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Kashish Dhal
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Rajul Gupta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Frank J Rybicki
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Prashanth Ravi
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
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Xun H, Shallal C, Unger J, Tao R, Torres A, Vladimirov M, Frye J, Singhala M, Horne B, Kim BS, Burke B, Montana M, Talcott M, Winters B, Frisella M, Kushner BS, Sacks JM, Guest JK, Kang SH, Caffrey J. Translational design for limited resource settings as demonstrated by Vent-Lock, a 3D-printed ventilator multiplexer. 3D Print Med 2022; 8:29. [PMID: 36102998 PMCID: PMC9471031 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-022-00148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilators are essential to patients who become critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and shortages have been reported due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS We utilized 3D printing (3DP) technology to rapidly prototype and test critical components for a novel ventilator multiplexer system, Vent-Lock, to split one ventilator or anesthesia gas machine between two patients. FloRest, a novel 3DP flow restrictor, provides clinicians control of tidal volumes and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), using the 3DP manometer adaptor to monitor pressures. We tested the ventilator splitter circuit in simulation centers between artificial lungs and used an anesthesia gas machine to successfully ventilate two swine. RESULTS As one of the first studies to demonstrate splitting one anesthesia gas machine between two swine, we present proof-of-concept of a de novo, closed, multiplexing system, with flow restriction for potential individualized patient therapy. CONCLUSIONS While possible, due to the complexity, need for experienced operators, and associated risks, ventilator multiplexing should only be reserved for urgent situations with no other alternatives. Our report underscores the initial design and engineering considerations required for rapid medical device prototyping via 3D printing in limited resource environments, including considerations for design, material selection, production, and distribution. We note that optimization of engineering may minimize 3D printing production risks but may not address the inherent risks of the device or change its indications. Thus, our case report provides insights to inform future rapid prototyping of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Xun
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Christopher Shallal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Justin Unger
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Runhan Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Alberto Torres
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Michael Vladimirov
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jenna Frye
- Maryland Institute College of Art, Baltimore, MD, 21217, USA
| | - Mohit Singhala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Brockett Horne
- Maryland Institute College of Art, Baltimore, MD, 21217, USA
| | - Bo Soo Kim
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Broc Burke
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Michael Montana
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Michael Talcott
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | | | - Margaret Frisella
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Bradley S Kushner
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Justin M Sacks
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - James K Guest
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Julie Caffrey
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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