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Okajima I, Kadotani H. Association of Sleep Reactivity and Anxiety Sensitivity with Insomnia-Related Depression and Anxiety among City Government Employees in Japan. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:167-176. [PMID: 37092427 PMCID: PMC10123658 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been noted that a reduction in sleep reactivity, characterized as the trait-like degree to which exposure to stress interferes with sleep, and anxiety sensitivity are associated with reduced insomnia severity. This study aimed to examine whether sleep reactivity and anxiety sensitivity are associated with insomnia-related depression and anxiety among city government employees in Japan. This cross-sectional study included 1810 city government employees of Koka City, Japan (mean age (standard deviation): 45.33 (12.20) years) who completely answered the scales for sleep reactivity, anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, and depression. Stepwise multiple regression analysis adjusted for demographic data showed that anxiety sensitivity (β = 0.39) was significantly linked to anxiety, and sleep reactivity (β = 0.36) was significantly linked to depression in individuals with insomnia. Additionally, the results of a logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographic data showed that anxiety sensitivity and sleep reactivity were relevant factors for anxious insomnia (OR = 12.69) and depressive insomnia (OR = 8.73), respectively. Whereas both sleep reactivity (OR = 14.67) and anxiety sensitivity (OR = 6.14) were associated with combined insomnia. These findings indicate that sleep reactivity is strongly associated with depressive symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity is strongly associated with anxiety symptoms in individuals with insomnia.
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Omichi C, Kaminishi Y, Kadotani H, Sumi Y, Ubara A, Nishikawa K, Matsuda A, Ozeki Y. Limited social support is associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia in a Japanese working population. Front Public Health 2022; 10:981592. [PMID: 36483246 PMCID: PMC9724020 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.981592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lack of social support is associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. This study aimed to determine the source of support related to depression, anxiety, and insomnia among Japanese workers. Methods As part of a cohort study, we conducted a questionnaire survey among city government employees in Koka City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, from September 2021 to March 2022. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and insomnia, respectively. We used the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) to assess job stressors and social support (from supervisors, colleagues, and family). Results A total of 1,852 Japanese employees (38.4% male, 45.9 ± 12.9 years) participated in the survey, with 15.5, 10.8, and 8.2% of the participants having depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 10), and insomnia (ISI ≥ 15), respectively. The logistic regression analysis suggested that job stressors were associated with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (p < 0.001), and insomnia (p = 0.009). In contrast, support from co-workers (p = 0.016) and family members (p = 0.001) was associated with decreased depressive symptoms. Support from family members was associated with decreased insomnia (p = 0.005). Conclusion Social support from co-workers and family may be associated with reduced depressive symptoms, and family support may be associated with reduced insomnia in the Japanese working population. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03276585.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Omichi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan,Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yuki Kaminishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadotani
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan,*Correspondence: Hiroshi Kadotani
| | - Yukiyoshi Sumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ubara
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan,Japan CBT Center, Hikone, Japan
| | - Arichika Matsuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yuji Ozeki
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Omichi C, Kadotani H, Sumi Y, Ubara A, Nishikawa K, Matsuda A, Ozeki Y. Prolonged Sleep Latency and Reduced REM Latency Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in a Japanese Working Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042112. [PMID: 35206296 PMCID: PMC8872621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Examining the relationship between sleep and depression may be important for understanding the aetiology of affective disorders. Most studies that use electroencephalography (EEG) to objectively assess sleep have been conducted using polysomnography in the laboratory. Impaired sleep continuity, including prolonged sleep latency and changes in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, have been reported to be associated with depression in clinical settings. Here, we aimed to use home EEG to analyse the association between sleep and depressive symptoms. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study in a large Japanese working population to identify the EEG parameters associated with depressive symptoms based on the results of a questionnaire survey and home EEG measurements using 1-channel (1-Ch) EEG. Results: The study included 650 Japanese patients (41.2% male, 44.7 ± 11.5 years) who underwent home EEG monitoring along with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) were associated with sleep latency (odds ratio (OR) 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.04) and REM latency (OR, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–1.00). Conclusions: Our results suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with prolonged sleep latency and reduced REM latency in a Japanese working population. The 1-Ch EEG may be a useful tool to monitor sleep and screen depression/depressive symptoms in non-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Omichi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City 520-2192, Japan; (C.O.); (Y.S.); (A.U.); (K.N.); (A.M.); (Y.O.)
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadotani
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City 520-2192, Japan; (C.O.); (Y.S.); (A.U.); (K.N.); (A.M.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-77-548-2291
| | - Yukiyoshi Sumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City 520-2192, Japan; (C.O.); (Y.S.); (A.U.); (K.N.); (A.M.); (Y.O.)
| | - Ayaka Ubara
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City 520-2192, Japan; (C.O.); (Y.S.); (A.U.); (K.N.); (A.M.); (Y.O.)
- Graduate School of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research Fellowships, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City 520-2192, Japan; (C.O.); (Y.S.); (A.U.); (K.N.); (A.M.); (Y.O.)
- Japan CBT Center, CG Building F4, 3-12 Chuo-cho, Hikone 522-0063, Japan
| | - Arichika Matsuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City 520-2192, Japan; (C.O.); (Y.S.); (A.U.); (K.N.); (A.M.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yuji Ozeki
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City 520-2192, Japan; (C.O.); (Y.S.); (A.U.); (K.N.); (A.M.); (Y.O.)
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Fukuda T, Akiyama S, Takahashi K, Iwadate Y, Ano Y. Effect of non-alcoholic beer containing matured hop bitter acids on mood states in healthy adults: A single-arm pilot study. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 24:7-16. [PMID: 34741379 PMCID: PMC9300118 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-alcoholic beer containing matured hop bitter acids on mood states among healthy adults older than 20 years. This study was an open-label longitudinal intervention design in which each participant served as their control. For three weeks, we evaluated the effect of non-alcoholic beer containing 35 mg of matured hop bitter acids on mood, sleep quality, and work performance. The data of 97 participants (age range: 23-72 years, median age: 42) were analyzed. After the intervention, we found that matured hop bitter acids significantly improved total mood state, including anxiety, depression, fatigue, and vigor, compared with the baseline. Furthermore, sleep quality and absolute presenteeism were significantly improved after the intervention compared with the baseline. The present exploratory study suggested that 3-week supplementation with matured hop bitter acids improved mood and peripheral symptoms in persons of a wide range of ages. Although further investigation is needed, the findings suggested that non-alcoholic beer in daily life might become a choice for maintaining mood states. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiori Akiyama
- Kirin Central Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Limited
| | | | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Kirin Central Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Limited
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Large Questionnaire Survey on Sleep Duration and Insomnia Using the TV Hybridcast System by Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052691. [PMID: 33800027 PMCID: PMC7967419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Japanese people are known to have the shortest sleep duration in the world. To date, no study has assessed a large Japanese population for insomnia and sleep duration. Methods: We performed an Ιnternet-based survey in association with a national television (TV) program. Questionnaire data were collected not only through personal computers, tablets, and smartphones, but also through the Hybridcast system, which combines broadcasts over airwaves with broadband data provided via the Internet using the TV remote controller. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to assess insomnia. Results: A total of 301,241 subjects participated in the survey. Participants slept for an average of 5.96 ± 1.13 h; the average AIS score was 6.82 ± 3.69. A total of 26.1% of male and 27.1% of female participants had both insomnia (AIS ≥ 6) and short sleep duration (<6 h). Responses were recorded through the Hybridcast system for 76.4% of the elderly (age ≥ 65 years) subjects and through personal computers, tablets, or smartphones for 59.9–82.7% of the younger subjects (age ≤ 65 years). Conclusions: Almost a quarter of the Japanese participants presented short sleep duration and insomnia. Furthermore, the Hybridcast system may be useful for performing large internet-based surveys, especially for elderly individuals.
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Okajima I, Miyamoto T, Ubara A, Omichi C, Matsuda A, Sumi Y, Matsuo M, Ito K, Kadotani H. Evaluation of Severity Levels of the Athens Insomnia Scale Based on the Criterion of Insomnia Severity Index. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8789. [PMID: 33256097 PMCID: PMC7730071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) can be regarded as a highly useful instrument in both clinical and research settings, except for when assessing the severity level. This study aims to determine the severity criteria for AIS by using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A total of 1666 government employees aged 20 years or older were evaluated using the AIS and ISI, the Patient Health Questionnaire for depressive symptoms, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for daytime sleepiness, and the Short Form Health Survey of the Medical Outcomes Study for health-related quality of life (QoL). A significant positive correlation (r) was found between the AIS and the ISI (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). As a result of describing receiver-operator curves, the severity criteria of the AIS are capable of categorizing insomnia severity as follows: absence of insomnia (0-5), mild insomnia (6-9), moderate insomnia (10-15), and severe insomnia (16-24). In addition, compared to all scales across groups categorized by AIS or ISI, it was revealed that similar results could be obtained (all p < 0.05). Therefore, the identification of the severity of AIS in this study is important in linking the findings of epidemiological studies with those of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Okajima
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; (A.U.); (C.O.); (A.M.); (K.I.); (H.K.)
| | - Towa Miyamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ayaka Ubara
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; (A.U.); (C.O.); (A.M.); (K.I.); (H.K.)
- Graduate School of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- JSPS Research Fellowships, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Chie Omichi
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; (A.U.); (C.O.); (A.M.); (K.I.); (H.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural, University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Arichika Matsuda
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; (A.U.); (C.O.); (A.M.); (K.I.); (H.K.)
| | - Yukiyoshi Sumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Masahiro Matsuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Kazuki Ito
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; (A.U.); (C.O.); (A.M.); (K.I.); (H.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadotani
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; (A.U.); (C.O.); (A.M.); (K.I.); (H.K.)
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Ito K, Uetsu M, Kadotani H. Validation of Oximetry for Diagnosing Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Clinical Setting. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:364-374. [PMID: 33089210 PMCID: PMC7573809 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large epidemiological study using oximetry to analyze obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic comorbidities was performed in Japan; however, reliability and validity of oximetry in the Japanese population remains poorly understood. In this study, oximetry data from the epidemiological study were compared with data from clinically performed polysomnography (PSG) and out-of-center sleep testing (OCST) in epidemiological study participants who later attended our outpatient units. The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) from oximetry showed a moderate positive relationship (correlation coefficient r = 0.561, p < 0.001) with apnea/hypopnea data from PSG/OCST. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed moderate accuracy of this method in the detection of moderate-to-severe or severe OSA. However, the optimal ODI thresholds to detect moderate-to-severe OSA and severe OSA were the same (ODI > 20.1). Oximetry may be a useful tool for screening moderate-to-severe or severe sleep apnea. However, it may be difficult to set an appropriate threshold to distinguish between moderate and severe sleep apnea by oximetry alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ito
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uetsu
- Sleep Outpatient Unit for Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Nagahama City Hospital, 313 Ohinui-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0043, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Kadotani
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan;
- Sleep Outpatient Unit for Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Nagahama City Hospital, 313 Ohinui-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0043, Japan;
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