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Manoharan J, Rana R, Kuenze G, Gupta D, Elwakiel A, Ambreen S, Wang H, Banerjee K, Zimmermann S, Singh K, Gupta A, Fatima S, Kretschmer S, Schaefer L, Zeng-Brouwers J, Schwab C, Al-Dabet MM, Gadi I, Altmann H, Koch T, Poitz DM, Baber R, Kohli S, Shahzad K, Geffers R, Lee-Kirsch MA, Kalinke U, Meiler J, Mackman N, Isermann B. Tissue factor binds to and inhibits interferon-α receptor 1 signaling. Immunity 2024; 57:68-85.e11. [PMID: 38141610 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), which is a member of the cytokine receptor family, promotes coagulation and coagulation-dependent inflammation. TF also exerts protective effects through unknown mechanisms. Here, we showed that TF bound to interferon-α receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and antagonized its signaling, preventing spontaneous sterile inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis. Structural modeling and direct binding studies revealed binding of the TF C-terminal fibronectin III domain to IFNAR1, which restricted the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Podocyte-specific loss of TF in mice (PodΔF3) resulted in sterile renal inflammation, characterized by JAK/STAT signaling, proinflammatory cytokine expression, disrupted immune homeostasis, and glomerulopathy. Inhibiting IFNAR1 signaling or loss of Ifnar1 expression in podocytes attenuated these effects in PodΔF3 mice. As a heteromer, TF and IFNAR1 were both inactive, while dissociation of the TF-IFNAR1 heteromer promoted TF activity and IFNAR1 signaling. These data suggest that the TF-IFNAR1 heteromer is a molecular switch that controls thrombo-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Manoharan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rajiv Rana
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Kuenze
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dheerendra Gupta
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elwakiel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saira Ambreen
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuheli Banerjee
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silke Zimmermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kunal Singh
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anubhuti Gupta
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sameen Fatima
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kretschmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Constantin Schwab
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moh'd Mohanad Al-Dabet
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ihsan Gadi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidi Altmann
- Dresden Integrated Liquid Biobank, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thea Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronny Baber
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig Medical Biobank, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shrey Kohli
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Khurrum Shahzad
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Meiler
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
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Fleischer MI, Röhrig N, Raker VK, Springer J, Becker D, Ritz S, Bros M, Stege H, Haist M, Grabbe S, Haub J, Becker C, Reyda S, Disse J, Schmidt T, Mahnke K, Weiler H, Ruf W, Steinbrink K. Protease- and cell type-specific activation of protease-activated receptor 2 in cutaneous inflammation. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2823-2836. [PMID: 36161697 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) signaling controls skin barrier function and inflammation, but the roles of immune cells and PAR2-activating proteases in cutaneous diseases are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To dissect PAR2 signaling contributions to skin inflammation with new genetic and pharmacological tools. METHODS/RESULTS We found markedly increased numbers of PAR2+ infiltrating myeloid cells in skin lesions of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) patients and in the skin of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice, a murine ACD model for T cell-mediated allergic skin inflammation. Cell type-specific deletion of PAR2 in myeloid immune cells as well as mutation-induced complete PAR2 cleavage insensitivity significantly reduced skin inflammation and hapten-specific Tc1/Th1 cell response. Pharmacological approaches identified individual proteases involved in PAR2 cleavage and demonstrated a pivotal role of tissue factor (TF) and coagulation factor Xa (FXa) as upstream activators of PAR2 in both the induction and effector phase of CHS. PAR2 mutant mouse strains with differential cleavage sensitivity for FXa versus skin epithelial cell-expressed proteases furthermore uncovered a time-dependent regulation of CHS development with an important function of FXa-induced PAR2 activation during the late phase of skin inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid cells and the TF-FXa-PAR2 axis are key mediators and potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Fleischer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Röhrig
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena K Raker
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Juliane Springer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Institute of Molecular Biology Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henner Stege
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Haist
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jessica Haub
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sabine Reyda
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Disse
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Talkea Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Versity Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Zelaya H, Rothmeier AS, Ruf W. Tissue factor at the crossroad of coagulation and cell signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1941-1952. [PMID: 30030891 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tissue factor (TF) pathway plays a central role in hemostasis and thrombo-inflammatory diseases. Although structure-function relationships of the TF initiation complex are elucidated, new facets of the dynamic regulation of TF's activities in cells continue to emerge. Cellular pathways that render TF non-coagulant participate in signaling of distinct TF complexes with associated proteases through the protease-activated receptor (PAR) family of G protein-coupled receptors. Additional co-receptors, including the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and integrins, confer signaling specificity by directing subcellular localization and trafficking. We here review how TF is switched between its role in coagulation and cell signaling through thiol-disulfide exchange reactions in the context of physiologically relevant lipid microdomains. Inflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen species, activators of the inflammasome, and the complement cascade play pivotal roles in TF procoagulant activation on monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. We furthermore discuss how TF, intracellular ligands, co-receptors and associated proteases are integrated in PAR-dependent cell signaling pathways controlling innate immunity, cancer and metabolic inflammation. Knowledge of the precise interactions of TF in coagulation and cell signaling is important for understanding effects of new anticoagulants beyond thrombosis and identification of new applications of these drugs for potential additional therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zelaya
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and National University of Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - A S Rothmeier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partnersite Rhein-Main, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Madhusudhan T, Kerlin BA, Isermann B. The emerging role of coagulation proteases in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2015; 12:94-109. [PMID: 26592189 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A role of coagulation proteases in kidney disease beyond their function in normal haemostasis and thrombosis has long been suspected, and studies performed in the past 15 years have provided novel insights into the mechanisms involved. The expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in renal cells provides a molecular link between coagulation proteases and renal cell function and revitalizes research evaluating the role of haemostasis regulators in renal disease. Renal cell-specific expression and activity of coagulation proteases, their regulators and their receptors are dynamically altered during disease processes. Furthermore, renal inflammation and tissue remodelling are not only associated, but are causally linked with altered coagulation activation and protease-dependent signalling. Intriguingly, coagulation proteases signal through more than one receptor or induce formation of receptor complexes in a cell-specific manner, emphasizing context specificity. Understanding these cell-specific signalosomes and their regulation in kidney disease is crucial to unravelling the pathophysiological relevance of coagulation regulators in renal disease. In addition, the clinical availability of small molecule targeted anticoagulants as well as the development of PAR antagonists increases the need for in-depth knowledge of the mechanisms through which coagulation proteases might regulate renal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thati Madhusudhan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
| | - Bryce A Kerlin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, W325 Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
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5
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Hematopoietic tissue factor-protease-activated receptor 2 signaling promotes hepatic inflammation and contributes to pathways of gluconeogenesis and steatosis in obese mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:524-35. [PMID: 25476527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Failure to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis is a major mechanism contributing to fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes and, along with steatosis, is the hallmark of hepatic insulin resistance. Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in multiple tissues, and hepatic inflammation is mechanistically linked to both steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we delineate a role for coagulation signaling via tissue factor (TF) and proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in obesity-mediated hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and gluconeogenesis. In diet-induced obese mice, TF tail signaling independent of PAR2 drives CD11b(+)CD11c(+) hepatic macrophage recruitment, and TF-PAR2 signaling contributes to the accumulation of hepatic CD8(+) T cells. Transcripts of key pathways of gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and inflammatory cytokines were reduced in high-fat diet-fed mice that lack the cytoplasmic domain of TF (F3) (TF(ΔCT)) or that are deficient in PAR2 (F2rl1), as well as by pharmacological inhibition of TF-PAR2 signaling in diet-induced obese mice. These gluconeogenic, lipogenic, and inflammatory pathway transcripts were similarly reduced in response to genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of TF-PAR2 signaling in hematopoietic cells and were mechanistically associated with activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). These findings indicate that hematopoietic TF-PAR2 signaling plays a pivotal role in the hepatic inflammatory responses, steatosis, and hepatic insulin resistance that lead to systemic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obesity.
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Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies support a connection between obesity and thrombosis, involving elevated expression of the prothrombotic molecules plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue factor (TF) and increased platelet activation. Cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome-associated disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis, involve inflammation elicited by infiltration and activation of immune cells, particularly macrophages, into adipose tissue. Although TF has been clearly linked to a procoagulant state in obesity, emerging genetic and pharmacologic evidence indicate that TF signaling via G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PAR2, PAR1) additionally drives multiple aspects of the metabolic syndrome. TF-PAR2 signaling in adipocytes contributes to diet-induced obesity by decreasing metabolism and energy expenditure, whereas TF-PAR2 signaling in hematopoietic and myeloid cells drives adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. TF-initiated coagulation leading to thrombin-PAR1 signaling also contributes to diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in certain models. Thus, in obese patients, clinical markers of a prothrombotic state may indicate a risk for the development of complications of the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, TF-induced signaling could provide new therapeutic targets for drug development at the intersection between obesity, inflammation, and thrombosis.
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7
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Tan JHY, Ludeman JP, Wedderburn J, Canals M, Hall P, Butler SJ, Taleski D, Christopoulos A, Hickey MJ, Payne RJ, Stone MJ. Tyrosine sulfation of chemokine receptor CCR2 enhances interactions with both monomeric and dimeric forms of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10024-10034. [PMID: 23408426 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.447359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are commonly post-translationally sulfated on tyrosine residues in their N-terminal regions, the initial site of binding to chemokine ligands. We have investigated the effect of tyrosine sulfation of the chemokine receptor CCR2 on its interactions with the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2). Inhibition of CCR2 sulfation, by growth of expressing cells in the presence of sodium chlorate, significantly reduced the potency for MCP-1 activation of CCR2. MCP-1 exists in equilibrium between monomeric and dimeric forms. The obligate monomeric mutant MCP-1(P8A) was similar to wild type MCP-1 in its ability to induce leukocyte recruitment in vivo, whereas the obligate dimeric mutant MCP-1(T10C) was less effective at inducing leukocyte recruitment in vivo. In two-dimensional NMR experiments, sulfated peptides derived from the N-terminal region of CCR2 bound to both the monomeric and dimeric forms of wild type MCP-1 and shifted the equilibrium to favor the monomeric form. Similarly, MCP-1(P8A) bound more tightly than MCP-1(T10C) to the CCR2-derived sulfopeptides. NMR chemical shift mapping using the MCP-1 mutants showed that the sulfated N-terminal region of CCR2 binds to the same region (N-loop and β3-strand) of both monomeric and dimeric MCP-1 but that binding to the dimeric form also influences the environment of chemokine N-terminal residues, which are involved in dimer formation. We conclude that interaction with the sulfated N terminus of CCR2 destabilizes the dimerization interface of inactive dimeric MCP-1, thus inducing dissociation to the active monomeric state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Y Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Justin P Ludeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jamie Wedderburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Pam Hall
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stephen J Butler
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Deni Taleski
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Martin J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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8
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Yang YH, Song W, Deane JA, Kao W, Ooi JD, Ngo D, Kitching AR, Morand EF, Hickey MJ. Deficiency of annexin A1 in CD4+ T cells exacerbates T cell-dependent inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:997-1007. [PMID: 23267026 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is recognized as an endogenous anti-inflammatory molecule. However, its effects on the adaptive immune response and, in particular, on T cells remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the actions of AnxA1 in three distinct models of T cell-mediated inflammation. In contact hypersensitivity, collagen-induced arthritis, and inflammation induced by OT-II TCR transgenic T cells responding to OVA, AnxA1 deficiency significantly increased Ag-induced T cell proliferation and the resultant level of inflammation. In the contact hypersensitivity model, this was associated with increased adhesion of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and neutrophils in the dermal microvasculature, as well as increased T cell expression of RORγt and IL-17A. In collagen-induced arthritis, deficiency of endogenous AnxA1 increased susceptibility to arthritis and Ag-specific T cell activation. Deficiency of AnxA1 also increased OVA-induced cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity and IFN-γ and IL-17 release. Transfer experiments using CD4(+) T cells from AnxA1(-/-) mice demonstrated that the absence of AnxA1 solely in T cells resulted in increased inflammatory responses in wild-type recipients. Similarly, experiments using AnxA1(-/-) OT-II CD4(+) T cells demonstrated that the absence of AnxA1 in T cells was sufficient to induce increased Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation in vivo, augment T cell production of IFN-γ, IL-17, TNF, and IL-6, and increase Akt, ERK, and p38 activation. Together, these findings indicate that T cell-expressed AnxA1 functions to attenuate T cell-driven inflammatory responses via T cell-intrinsic effects on intracellular signaling, proliferation, and Th1/Th17 cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan H Yang
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Jones NR, Pegues MA, McCrory MA, Kerr SW, Jiang H, Sellati R, Berger V, Villalona J, Parikh R, McFarland M, Pantages L, Madwed JB, Szalai AJ. Collagen-induced arthritis is exacerbated in C-reactive protein-deficient mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2641-50. [PMID: 21567377 DOI: 10.1002/art.30444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood C-reactive protein (CRP) is routinely measured to gauge inflammation. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a heightened CRP level is predictive of a poor outcome, while a lowered CRP level is indicative of a positive response to therapy. CRP interacts with the innate and adaptive immune systems in ways that suggest it may be causal in RA and, although this is not proven, it is widely assumed that CRP makes a detrimental contribution to the disease process. Paradoxically, results from animal studies have indicated that CRP might be beneficial in RA. This study was undertaken to study the role of CRP in a mouse model of RA, the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. METHODS We compared the impact of CRP deficiency with that of transgenic overexpression of CRP on inflammatory and immune responses in mice, using CRP-deficient (Crp-/-) and human CRP-transgenic (CRP-Tg) mice, respectively. Susceptibility to CIA, a disease that resembles RA in humans, was compared between wild-type, Crp-/-, and CRP-Tg mice. RESULTS CRP deficiency significantly altered the inflammatory cytokine response evoked by challenge with endotoxin or anti-CD3 antibody, and heightened some immune responses. Compared to that in wild-type mice, CIA in Crp-/- mice progressed more rapidly and was more severe, whereas CIA in CRP-Tg mice was dramatically attenuated. Despite these disparate clinical outcomes, anticollagen autoantibody responses during CIA did not differ among the genotypes. CONCLUSION CRP exerts an early and beneficial effect in mice with CIA. The mechanism of this effect remains unknown but does not involve improvement of the autoantibody profile. In humans, the presumed detrimental role of a heightened blood CRP level during active RA might be balanced by a beneficial effect of the baseline CRP (i.e., levels manifest during the preclinical stages of disease).
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10
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Rothmeier AS, Ruf W. Protease-activated receptor 2 signaling in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 34:133-49. [PMID: 21971685 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by proteolytical cleavage of the amino-terminus and thereby act as sensors for extracellular proteases. While coagulation proteases activate PARs to regulate hemostasis, thrombosis, and cardiovascular function, PAR2 is also activated in extravascular locations by a broad array of serine proteases, including trypsin, tissue kallikreins, coagulation factors VIIa and Xa, mast cell tryptase, and transmembrane serine proteases. Administration of PAR2-specific agonistic and antagonistic peptides, as well as studies in PAR2 knockout mice, identified critical functions of PAR2 in development, inflammation, immunity, and angiogenesis. Here, we review these roles of PAR2 with an emphasis on the role of coagulation and other extracellular protease pathways that cleave PAR2 in epithelial, immune, and neuronal cells to regulate physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Rothmeier
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Fan H, Hall P, Santos LL, Gregory JL, Fingerle-Rowson G, Bucala R, Morand EF, Hickey MJ. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and CD74 regulate macrophage chemotactic responses via MAPK and Rho GTPase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4915-24. [PMID: 21411731 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation. However, whether this stems from a direct effect on leukocyte migration is unknown. Furthermore, the role of the MIF-binding protein CD74 in this response has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the contributions of MIF and CD74 to chemokine-induced macrophage recruitment. Intravital microscopy studies demonstrated that CCL2-induced leukocyte adhesion and transmigration were reduced in MIF(-/-) and CD74(-/-) mice. MIF(-/-) and CD74(-/-) macrophages also exhibited reduced chemotaxis in vitro, although CD74(-/-) macrophages showed increased chemokinesis. Reduced CCL2-induced migration was associated with attenuated MAPK phosphorylation, RhoA GTPase activity, and actin polymerization in MIF(-/-) and CD74(-/-) macrophages. Furthermore, in MIF(-/-) macrophages, MAPK phosphatase-1 was expressed at elevated levels, providing a potential mechanism for the reduction in MAPK phosphorylation in MIF-deficient cells. No increase in MAPK phosphatase-1 expression was observed in CD74(-/-) macrophages. In in vivo experiments assessing the link between MIF and CD74, combined administration of MIF and CCL2 increased leukocyte adhesion in both MIF(-/-) and CD74(-/-) mice, showing that CD74 was not required for this MIF-induced response. Additionally, although leukocyte recruitment induced by administration of MIF alone was reduced in CD74(-/-) mice, consistent with a role for CD74 in leukocyte recruitment induced by MIF, MIF-treated CD74(-/-) mice displayed residual leukocyte recruitment. These data demonstrate that MIF and CD74 play previously unappreciated roles in CCL2-induced macrophage adhesion and migration, and they indicate that MIF and CD74 mediate this effect via both common and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Fan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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