1
|
Davoren N, McEleney A, Corcoran S, Fortune DG. "Business as usual won't work … ": Therapists' experiences and preparedness for providing refugees with trauma-related interventions. Psychother Res 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39317412 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2024.2406544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Worldwide, the numbers of refugees and displaced people being exposed to traumatic and inhumane experiences are escalating, resulting in an enhanced need for appropriate psychological management of trauma in this at-risk group. This study explores therapists' perspectives on and preparedness for supporting adult refugees with trauma-related interventions. METHOD Therapists (N = 17), with varying ranges of experiences supporting adult refugee clients, were recruited nationally, and participated in semi-structured interviews, exploring their experiences and preparedness for therapeutically supporting refugee clients with trauma-related interventions. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. A Patient Public Involvement (PPI) approach was embedded within this study. RESULTS Five major themes were developed throughout the analysis: (i) Therapists' Fears and Apprehensions in Meeting Client Complexities, (ii) Preparation and Support for Competency Development, (iii) Adjusting Preconceptions of the Nature of Therapeutic Work, (iv) Humanity Within the Therapeutic Relationship, and (v) Balancing Therapeutic Meaningfulness and Hardships. CONCLUSION Therapist training must reflect trauma-informed care and inter-cultural awareness to allow therapists to feel better prepared within mainstream and specialist services. Further, therapists' well-being needs to be prioritized to prevent vicarious trauma, burn-out and ultimately, improve interventions for clients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Davoren
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alice McEleney
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Santhi Corcoran
- Department of Psychology, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Donal G Fortune
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
- Health Service Executive, Mid-West Region, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hoffmann K, Michalak M, Kopciuch D, Bryl W, Kus K, Nowakowska E, Paczkowska A. The Prevalence and Correlates of Anxiety, Stress, Mood Disorders, and Sleep Disturbances in Poland after the Outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian War 2022. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1848. [PMID: 39337189 PMCID: PMC11431018 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12181848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conflict of the Russian-Ukrainian War that began on 24 February 2022 has profoundly changed Europe. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, stress, depression, and insomnia among a group of surveyed Poles in the first months after the outbreak of war in 2022. The secondary goal was to analyze potential risk factors for these mental disorders. METHODS A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted. An anonymous questionnaire was created using Google Forms and distributed through social media from March 2022 to June 2022. The questionnaire included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and an evaluation of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS Overall, 11.26% of 311 participants had depression, 10.29% had anxiety, and 24.12% experienced stress. Further, 62.05% of them declared sleep disturbances, and about 60% of them reported experiencing fears associated with the war. The outcomes of the assessment of psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress and sleep disturbance) were associated with following factors: self-reported health status, fear of Russian invasion of Ukraine, and fear of the war extending to Poland. When the results for psychiatric symptoms were categorized into two groups, severe and non-severe, logistic regression analysis was only feasible for the insomnia variable. For this variable, multivariate logistic regression identified key potential factors: age, stress, and fear of Russian invasion of Ukraine. CONCLUSIONS The respondents were found to be highly concerned about the war. In total, almost half of them manifested symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or stress. Slightly less than two-thirds had sleep disorders. This study confirms that in a crisis situation, mental health screening is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Kopciuch
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiesław Bryl
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kus
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Anna Paczkowska
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gepshtein YD, Lee JA, Bounds DT, Burton CW. Understanding Refugees Health Experiences in Host Countries: Three Theoretical Perspectives. Clin Nurs Res 2024; 33:292-300. [PMID: 38817093 DOI: 10.1177/10547738241253655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Healthcare providers working with forcefully displaced populations often have limited knowledge and skills regarding the care of this population. The reasons are twofold. First, most of the research on refugee health does not consider refugees' adaptive skills, diversity of experiences, and daily life context. Second, healthcare providers' knowledge of how the sociopolitical environment shapes health research and practice in the context of refugee care is often limited. This work aims to specify gaps in refugee healthcare and research by applying a relational approach to three theoretical frameworks. The relational approach supports a pragmatic, in-depth understanding of healthcare practices by shifting the focus of the inquiry from description of social structures toward exploration of processes and relations that propagate and sustain such structures. The focus is on the threefold interaction between refugees, healthcare providers, and healthcare institutions. The three theoretical frameworks are as follows: First, using concepts from the Theory of Practice by Bourdieu, we examine how gaps in care can result from a mismatch between the dispositions and skills that refugees develop through life experience and the cultural-professional practices of healthcare providers in host countries. Second, the Cultural Determinants of Help Seeking by Saint Arnault is applied to posit that gaps in care can result from differences in the meanings that healthcare providers and refugees assign to their interactions. Finally, we use the concept of Othering as described in nursing by Canales to explain how power dynamics inherent in the interaction between refugees and healthcare systems can affect refugee healthcare and research. This relational approach helps to elucidate some of the culture-bound mechanisms of health maintenance and help-seeking and brings attention to the sociopolitical context that shapes the way we care to refugees.
Collapse
|
4
|
Özaslan A, Yildirim M, Guney E, İlhan MN, Vostanis P. Mental health problems and help-seeking behaviours of Syrian refugee adolescents: mediating role of self-stigma. Psychol Med 2024; 54:732-741. [PMID: 37642171 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although common mental health problems have been widely studied with self-stigma, few studies have focused on the mediating effect of self-stigma in the relationship between mental health problems and help-seeking behaviours of refugee adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether self-stigma mitigates the adverse effects of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms on the help-seeking behaviours of Syrian adolescents living in Turkey. METHODS The participants of this study included 488 Syrian refugee adolescents (boys, 63.73%; girls, 3627%) living in Turkey. Participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and General Help-Seeking Scale and Self-Stigma of Seeking Psychology Help Scale. RESULTS The findings revealed that stress (β = 0.19, p < 0.01), anxiety (β = 0.12, p < 0.05), and depression (β = 0.17, p < 0.01) had significant and positive predictive effects on self-stigma, but not on help-seeking behaviours. Also, self-stigma (β = -0.12, p < 0.01) had a significant negative predictive effect on help-seeking behaviours. With regard to the indirect effects, the findings showed that self-stigma fully mediated the associations between stress - help-seeking [effect = -0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.11 to -0.01], anxiety - help-seeking (effect = -0.04, 95% CI -0.09 to -0.01)], and depression - help-seeking (effect = -0.05, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the potential negative effects of self-stigma on the help-seeking behaviours of Syrian refugee adolescents, both directly and indirectly. These results can be used to develop and implement effective and efficient interventions to address the unmet mental health needs of refugee adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özaslan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Esra Guney
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Necmi İlhan
- Department of Public Health, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cullen AE, de Montgomery CJ, Norredam M, Bergström J, Krasnik A, Taipale H, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Comparison of Hospitalization for Nonaffective Psychotic Disorders Among Refugee, Migrant, and Native-Born Adults in Sweden and Denmark. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2336848. [PMID: 37801313 PMCID: PMC10559176 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Determining whether migrants with nonaffective psychotic disorders (NAPDs) experience poorer outcomes after illness onset is essential to ensure adequate health care provision to these disadvantaged populations. Objective To compare cumulative hospital days for NAPDs during the first 5 years of illness among refugee, nonrefugee, and second-generation migrants and their Swedish and Danish peers. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prospective cohort study of individuals treated for incident NAPDs in inpatient or outpatient settings between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2013, and followed up for 5 years. This population-based study used Swedish and Danish national registries. Included participants were individuals in Sweden and Denmark, aged 18 to 35 years, treated for incident NAPDs. Data analyses were conducted from November 2022 to August 2023. Exposures Population group (determined according to residency in either country, not both countries), categorized as refugee (migrants whose residence in Sweden or Denmark was registered as refugee status or family reunification with a refugee), nonrefugee (all other individuals born outside Sweden and Denmark), second generation (individuals born in Sweden or Denmark with at least 1 parent born abroad), or native born (individuals born in Sweden or Denmark with both parents born in these countries). Main Outcome and Measures Total hospital days for NAPDs during the first 5 years of illness, analyzed using a hurdle model. Among those ever admitted, total number of admissions and mean admission length were examined. Results In total, 7733 individuals in Sweden (mean [SD] age, 26.0 [5.1] years; 4919 male [63.6%]) and 8747 in Denmark (mean [SD] age 24.8 [5.0] years; 5324 male [60.9%]) were followed up for 5 years or until death or emigration. After adjusting for a range of sociodemographic and clinical factors, the odds of experiencing any hospital days for NAPD were significantly higher among migrant groups compared with their native-born peers (Sweden: second generation, odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.33; P = .01; nonrefugee migrant, OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.21-1.73; P < .001; refugee, OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06-1.47; P = .009; Denmark: second generation, OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05-1.40; P = .01; nonrefugee migrant, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.14-1.55; P < .001). These odds were highest among nonrefugee (Sweden: OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.59-4.03; P < .001; Denmark: OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.70-4.01; P < .001) and refugee (Sweden: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.43-2.69; P < .001; Denmark: OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.42-3.21; P < .001) migrants from Africa and those who had arrived within 3 to 5 years (Sweden: nonrefugee migrants, OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.26-2.95; P = .002; refugees, OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.46-3.88; P < .001; Denmark: nonrefugee migrants, OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.96-2.85; P = .07; refugees, OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.13-10.17; P = .03). Among those ever hospitalized, refugees in both countries (Sweden, incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.51; P < .001; Denmark, IRR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.24-1.75; P < .001) and second-generation migrants in Denmark (IRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-1.39; P = .003) experienced more days hospitalized for NAPDs than native-born individuals. Conclusions and Relevance In this prospective cohort study of individuals with NAPDs, results suggest that refugee, nonrefugee, and second-generation migrants experience more days hospitalized for these disorders than their native-born peers. Patterns were consistent across 2 countries with different models of psychosis care and immigration and integration policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E. Cullen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. de Montgomery
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Norredam
- Department of Public Health, Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Immigrant Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bergström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allan Krasnik
- Department of Public Health, Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heidi Taipale
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Davoren N, McEleney A, Corcoran S, Tierney P, Fortune DG. Refugees and asylum seekers who have experienced trauma: Thematic synthesis of therapeutic boundary considerations. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 37658701 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Therapeutic boundaries are limits to appropriate behaviours within a therapist-client relationship (e.g. related to accepting gifts, self-disclosures, therapist neutrality and advocacy). Therapeutic boundary considerations are fundamental in the care of refugees and asylum seekers. Research on the experiences of therapists navigating such boundaries is sparse and warrants further exploration. The aim of this qualitative systematic review was to thematically synthesise literature regarding therapists' (psychologists, psychotherapists, counsellors) experiences of implementing flexible therapeutic boundaries with refugee and asylum seeker clients and determine how such applications have been helpful for therapeutic interventions. METHOD Six databases were searched. Following full-text screening, 21 papers were included in the analysis. Boundary theory underpinned the analysis. RESULTS Three major themes were developed: (i) Changes to Therapeutic Practice & Therapeutic Intervention, (ii) Re-Conceptualisation of Therapy as 'Clinical Political' and Re-Conceptualisation of Therapist Identity and (iii) Careful Monitoring of Personal Boundaries-Not becoming 'Hardened' or 'Haunted'. Papers described how, when used in a reflective, considerate way, flexible therapeutic boundaries can strengthen the therapist-client alliance and positively impact therapeutic interventions. Many therapists acknowledged making conscious efforts to re-conceptualise therapeutic work with refugee and asylum seeker clients from advocacy standpoints. However, systemic constraints, and lack of guidance, made this difficult to navigate and contributed to therapist burn-out. CONCLUSIONS Boundary considerations manifested as interpersonal, structural and cultural changes to practice. These have implications for clinical practice and developing guidelines on boundary practices with refugees and asylum seekers. Future research should explore promoting therapist well-being and training needs for therapists supporting this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Davoren
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alice McEleney
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Santhi Corcoran
- Department of Psychology, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Phelim Tierney
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Dónal G Fortune
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Service Executive, Mid-West Region, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Frounfelker RL, Mishra T, Holmes KB, Gautam B, Betancourt TS. Mental health among older Bhutanese with a refugee life experience: A mixed-methods latent class analysis study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2023; 93:304-315. [PMID: 37155291 PMCID: PMC10330824 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
There are disparities in the mental health of refugee populations compared to individuals who have not experienced forced migration. It is important to identify individuals with a refugee life experience who are most in need of mental health care and prioritize their engagement in services. The objectives of this convergent mixed-methods study are to quantitatively identify the association between exposure to pre- and postresettlement traumas and stressors and mental health among older adults with a refugee life experience, qualitatively identify typologies of narratives of forced migration, and integrate findings to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Study participants were Bhutanese with a refugee life experience living in a metropolitan area in New England (United States). We used quantitative surveys to identify exposures to traumas and symptoms of PTSD. We used latent class analysis to identify subgroups of trauma exposure and association with symptoms of PTSD. A subset of individuals participated in qualitative interviews. Narrative thematic analysis was used to explore typologies of life history narratives. Quantitatively, we identified four classes of patterns of trauma exposure throughout the refugee life trajectory. These classes were associated with current symptoms of PTSD. Qualitatively, we identified four narrative types that indicate participants interpreted and made sense of their life trajectories in a variety of ways. Integration of findings indicate that caution is needed in identifying individuals in need of mental health services and the best approach for interventions that promote psychosocial well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tej Mishra
- Washington, D.C. Department of Public Health
| | - Kieran B. Holmes
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University
| | - Bhuwan Gautam
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
A Preliminary Scoping Review of Trauma Recovery Pathways among Refugees in the United States. TRAUMA CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/traumacare2040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
When people move across borders to seek asylum because of violence, conflicts, persecution, or human rights violations, they experience a complex mix of psychological and traumatic downfalls. Often, refugees and asylum seekers’ trauma is compounded by the behaviours of individuals, communities, and the systemic climate of host countries. The United States is host to refugees and asylees from several countries. Evidence shows that several asylum seekers are held up in deplorable conditions in immigration detention centres where they are battling acute trauma. Therefore, consequent to this, coupled with the varying trauma that refugees face, this preliminary scoping review explores the scope and context of available peer-reviewed scholarship on trauma recovery pathways among refugees in the United States to identify gaps for further research. Following the PRISMA-compliant scoping review guidelines, we identified and curated data on the scope and context of peer-reviewed literature on trauma recovery approaches among refugees in the United States. This study identified the following as trauma recovery pathways among refugees: (1) macro-level structural intervention—preventing re-traumatization; (2) culturally sensitive therapeutic intervention; and (3) diagnosis and therapy. This study concludes that little research on the recovery pathways among refugees exists in the United States, hence the need for scholarship in this area.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaufman KR, Bhui K, Katona C. Mental health responses in countries hosting refugees from Ukraine. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:1-10. [PMID: 35361299 PMCID: PMC9059731 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ukrainian refugee crisis highlights the many issues associated with trauma, distress, mental and physical health, culturally competent assessments, and meaningful support and interventions. This crisis requires international support and a global response, as hosting countries have specific competencies and capacities. The authors hope that the groundswell of international concern over the crisis in Ukraine will lead not only to a comprehensive response to the needs of refugees from that country but also to a recognition of the needs of other asylum seekers and refugees and to our collective moral obligation to address those needs equitably.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Kaufman
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Anaesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK; East London NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre in Research, Training, Policy and Practice, Oxford, UK
| | - Cornelius Katona
- Helen Bamber Foundation, London, UK; and Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhui K. A Refugee Rose of competencies and capabilities for mental healthcare of refugees - CORRIGENDUM. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e65. [PMID: 35260215 PMCID: PMC8935912 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|