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Murphy MP, Murphy R, Roberts A. Correlates of Problematic Gambling in Emerging Adult University Students in Ireland. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10323-5. [PMID: 38849661 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the correlates of problematic gambling among emerging adult university students is crucial for developing effective approaches to minimise harm. METHODS This cross-sectional survey study reports on 397 18-25 year old emerging adults studying at Irish universities who completed an online survey about problematic gambling and a range of biopsychosocial variables. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses explored the relationships between problematic gambling and the biopsychosocial variables measured. RESULTS Chi-square analyses showed that being male, having an online gambling account, having a mobile gambling app, novelty seeking (impulsivity), harm avoidance (fear of uncertainty), and high alcohol volume consumption were significantly associated with problematic gambling. Regression analyses showed that individuals were more likely to report problematic gambling if they were male (OR = 9.57 times), had an online gambling account (OR = 17.05 times), had a mobile gambling app (OR = 20.37 times), scored high in impulsivity (OR = 7.79 times), and reported high alcohol volume consumption (OR = 4.66 times). Individuals were less likely to report problematic gambling if they scored high in fear of uncertainty (OR = 0.26 times). CONCLUSIONS A high rate of problematic gambling was observed among the current study sample. Participants were more likely to reported problematic gambling if they were male, had online gambling accounts, mobile gambling apps, scored high in impulsivity, scored low in fear of uncertainty, or consumed high volumes of alcohol in typical drinking sessions. These findings have implications for Irish legislation and policy-makers, Irish higher education institutions, and young adult Irish university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Knowsley and St Helens Community Learning Disability Team, Willis House, 23 Cumber Lane, Whiston, Merseyside, L35 2YZ, UK.
| | - Raegan Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Ede MO, Nwosu KC, Okeke CI, Oneli JO. Predictors of pathological gambling behaviours in parents population in Nigeria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9197. [PMID: 38649388 PMCID: PMC11035556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of psychological pains, burnout, and anxiety among gamblers in Nigeria is high. This is because pathological gambling (PG) is on the rise and it is linked to many social vices such as stealing, drug abuse, and sexual abuse. It is important to investigate the trajectories of PG in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was employed in our study with 197 participants sampled from 28 gambling venues in Nigeria made up the study's sample size. Of the 197, 131 (66.5%) were males and 66 (33.5%) were females. 50 (25.4%) were within the age range of 20-30 years, 42 (21.3%) were within 31-40 years, 40 (20.3%) were within 41-50 years, 35 (17.8%) were within 51-60 years, and 30 (15.2%) were within 61 and above. Using the hierarchical regression analysis, our finding revealed a significant association between psychological distress and our respondents' pathological gambling behaviour whereas none of the sociodemographic variables made a significant contribution to their pathological gambling behaviour. We concluded that gamblers' psychological well-being is crucial to understanding their problematic gambling behaviours in the context of a developing nation such as Nigeria, and that this could be similar among our respondents. Implications of our findings were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Onyemaechi Ede
- Department of Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Chinedu Ifedi Okeke
- Department of Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Joy Obiageli Oneli
- Teleo Network International School of Theology, Pastoral Ministry Grace Training International Bible Institute, Duluth, Gambia.
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Anyanwu MU, Demetrovics Z, Griffiths MD, Horváth Z, Czakó A, Bajunirwe F, Tamwesigire I. Problem Gambling Among Adolescents in Uganda: A Cross-sectional Survey Study. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:971-985. [PMID: 37029857 PMCID: PMC10175322 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gambling has evolved and grown substantially with new gambling activities and facilities being introduced, making gambling products and opportunities more available than ever before in Uganda. While the growth of gambling industry is considered to have a beneficial impact on the economy, it is increasingly becoming a social and public health issue especially among a minority of young people who experience problem gambling, which can damage personal, family, vocational, and academic pursuits. The present study estimated the prevalence of problem gambling and identified the socio-demographic, school, environmental and health risks of problem gambling among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality. A total of 921 students from 12 schools were recruited using cluster sampling. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between problem gambling and the socio-demographic, academic, environmental and health variables. Of 905 participants, 362 reported having ever gambled (40%), and 160 were classified as problem gamblers (17.7%; 44.2% among those who had ever gambled). Problem gambling was significantly associated with being male, being non-religious, other religion (African traditional religion), having employment (outside of school), distance to nearest gambling venue, parental gambling, peer gambling, substance use, risky sexual behavior, and psychological distress. The present study found a very high prevalence of problem gambling among Ugandan secondary school students. Therefore, there is need to institute public health measures towards raising awareness, prevention and treatment of problem gambling among Ugandan adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael U Anyanwu
- Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Zsolt Horváth
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Czakó
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francis Bajunirwe
- Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Imelda Tamwesigire
- Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Research on Gambling in Young People: A Co-Occurrence Analysis. J Gambl Stud 2022; 39:531-539. [PMID: 35587301 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gambling as a risk factor in youth development, particularly its causes and consequences, has been the subject of a growing number of studies. However, the literature relating to young people has yet to be compiled in a systematic form. The present study adopts a descriptive bibliometric approach to map global research on gambling in young people using metadata from the Web of Science database. The results show that research on gambling in young people at a country level has increased in recent years, though some regions are underrepresented. Co-occurrence analysis revealed the frequent use of several terms. It is hoped that these findings will assist in future research on the subject.
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Akçayır M, Nicoll F, Baxter DG. Emerging Gambling Problems and Suggested Interventions: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research. J Gambl Stud 2022; 39:857-882. [PMID: 35460439 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present systematic review is to identify emerging gambling problems and the harm minimization strategies proposed to address them. Our interdisciplinary research team conducted this systematic literature review in 5 nations between which there is significant gambling research exchange. A keyword search of the Scopus and Web of Science databases followed by filtering using inclusion criteria identified 1292 empirical gambling studies from peer-reviewed journals. The data obtained from the articles were analyzed using the content analysis technique. We then used a unique approach to identify relationships between harm minimization strategies and gambling problems. The findings reveal that the most frequently reported gambling problems are related to young gamblers, online gambling, electronic gaming machines, and children and adolescents (underage gamblers). Harm minimization strategies to address these included creating educational and awareness programs, further restrictions on gambling advertising, developing an intervention mechanism for online gambling, and remote gambling-related help (i.e., online counseling, online treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Akçayır
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Political Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Fiona Nicoll
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Political Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David G Baxter
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Political Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Price A. Health Inequities Among East and South Asian Gamblers During COVID-19: Key Risk Factors and Comorbidities. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-16. [PMID: 35153635 PMCID: PMC8815395 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Online gambling during COVID-19 has been associated with a variety of risk factors and comorbidities, such as co-occurring substance use, mental health problems, and financial concerns and gambling motives. Far less is known about these impacts on ethno-cultural populations, including East and South Asian gamblers. The present study has attempted to explore the health inequities related to these comorbidities and risk factors among East and South Asian gamblers. A cross-sectional online survey of gamblers in Ontario, Canada, was carried out in August 2020-a time when most land-based gambling venues were not operating at full capacity. Descriptive statistical analyses, odds ratios, and negative binomial regression (NBR) were used to compare East and South Asian gamblers to other online gamblers in Ontario. The total survey sample of 2,012 gamblers included sub-samples of East Asian (n = 206) and South Asian gamblers (n = 107). Compared to other gamblers in Ontario, East and South Asians reported higher likelihood of severe gambling problems, risky financially focused gambling motives, gambling under the influence of alcohol, and elevated levels of mental health problems. An adjusted NBR analysis noted that East Asians were more highly involved in online gambling during the pandemic, compared to non-East Asian gamblers. This study has presented an array of factors representing potential health inequities among East and South Asian gamblers during the pandemic. These findings merit further investigation and replication in order to inform the development of appropriate support resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Price
- Centre for the Advancement of Best Practices, The Responsible Gambling Council, 205-411 Richmond Street East, Toronto, Ontario M5A 3S5 Canada
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Onyedire NG, Chukwuorji JC, Orjiakor TC, Onu DU, Aneke CI, Ifeagwazi CM. Associations of Dark Triad traits and problem gambling: Moderating role of age among university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Gambling Behavior Among Hong Kong College and University Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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George S, Kallivayalil RA. Family therapy interventions in India for persons with gambling disorder. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2021; 13:e12435. [PMID: 33155378 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gambling is a popular pastime in India and the number of problem gamblers is on the rise. Although the impact of gambling disorder on families is grossly under-researched in India, drawing on international evidence it is only reasonable to assume that this is an important area deserving further clinical and research attention. Of the several types of interventions possible with families of persons with gambling disorder, in our clinical experience, the 5-step intervention is a feasible and culturally adaptable psychotherapeutic intervention. In this paper we have looked at the theoretical aspects of this intervention and also raise some of the practical challenges of offering psychological interventions to families of persons with gambling disorder in India. Albeit limited, we discuss the evidence base to have emerged from India in this field. Finally, we suggest some intervention measures as the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju George
- Psychiatry and Psychology, Rajagiri School of Behavioural Sciences and Research, Kochi, Kerala, India.,Department of Psychiatry, Lisie Hospital, Kerala, India
| | - Roy Abraham Kallivayalil
- Department of Psychiatry, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju George
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Research, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Richard Velleman
- Sangath Community Health NGO, Goa, India.,University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Benedict Weobong
- Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Wardle H, McManus S. Suicidality and gambling among young adults in Great Britain: results from a cross-sectional online survey. Lancet Public Health 2021; 6:e39-e49. [PMID: 33417845 PMCID: PMC7788474 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates in young people have increased in England and Wales since 2010. There are a range of possible explanations for this increase, and problem gambling has been suggested as a potential risk factor. We aimed to examine the association between suicidality (suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts) and problem gambling specifically for young adults in Great Britain, where gambling has become more widely available and normalised in the past two decades. METHODS We analysed data from the Emerging Adults Gambling Survey: a cross-sectional, online, non-probability sample survey of young adults aged 16-24 years living in Great Britain, who were selected from a YouGov online panel. Participants were eligible if they had not taken part in any other YouGov survey on gambling in the past year. We examined associations between problem gambling (defined as a score of 8 or higher on the Problem Gambling Severity Index [PGSI]) and suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts in the year before survey completion in a series of regression models, with and without adjustment for sociodemographic factors, alcohol use, video gaming, anxiety, loneliness, and impulsivity. FINDINGS 3549 eligible participants completed the survey between June 25 and Aug 16, 2019. 24 (37·0% [95% CI 25·6-50·2]) of 62 men who had attempted suicide in the past year had survey scores that were indicative of problem gambling, compared with 38 (3·6% [2·6-5·0]) of 1077 men who had not attempted suicide or had suicidal thoughts in the past year. 13 (14·5% [8·5-23·6]) of 85 women who had attempted suicide in the past year had survey scores that were indicative of problem gambling, compared with 25 (2·0% [1·4-3·0]) of 1184 women who had not attempted suicide or had suicidal thoughts in the past year. The adjusted odds ratio for attempted suicide was 9·0 (4·1-19·7) in men with scores that indicated problem gambling and 4·9 (2·0-12·0) in women with scores that indicated problem gambling, compared with participants of the same gender with PGSI scores of 0. INTERPRETATION Problem gambling appears to be associated with suicide attempts in both young men and young women. This association persisted after adjusting for anxiety, impulsivity, life satisfaction, and other factors, which suggests that other mechanisms, such as the severity and multiplicity of harms experienced, or gambling to cope with life stressors, might underpin this relationship. Young people with problem-gambling behaviours should be considered at risk for suicidality. FUNDING Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wardle
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Sally McManus
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
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12
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Bhatia U, Bhat B, George S, Nadkarni A. The prevalence, patterns, and correlates of gambling behaviours in men: An exploratory study from Goa, India. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 43:143-149. [PMID: 31151082 PMCID: PMC6712305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significant evidence gap on gambling in India, where gambling is viewed predominantly through the legal lens. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of gambling. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the follow-up assessment in a cohort (n = 1514 men) from India. The following data were collected using a structured questionnaire: socio-demographic information, gambling, interpersonal violence, tobacco use, alcohol use disorders (AUD), common mental disorders, and suicidality. Logistic regression models were used to examine the correlates of gambling. RESULTS 658 participants (45.4%) reported gambling in the past year, and lottery was the most frequent form of gambling (67.8%). Current gambling was correlated with rural residence (OR 1.42, CI 1.05-1.93, p = 0.02), work-related problems (OR 1.42, CI 1.03-1.96, p = 0.03), interpersonal violence (OR 3.45, CI 1.22-9.75, p = 0.02), tobacco use (OR 1.59, CI 1.16-2.19, p = 0.004), and AUD (OR 2.14, CI 1.35-3.41, p = 0.001). 724 (49.9%) participants reported gambling at least once in their lifetime. Lifetime gambling was correlated with work-related problems (OR 1.57, CI 1.14-2.17, p = 0.006), interpersonal violence (OR 4.03, CI 1.32-12.30 p = 0.02), tobacco use (OR 1.60, CI 1.16-2.20, p = 0.004), and AUD (OR 2.12, CI 1.33-3.40, p = 0.002). Age was significantly associated with playing lottery more frequently (OR 3.24, CI 1.34-7.84, p = 0.009) and tobacco use was significantly associated with playing matka more frequently (OR 1.69, CI 1.08-2.64, p = 0.02). DISCUSSION The high prevalence of gambling and its association with social problems and risk factors for non-communicable diseases warrants further epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvita Bhatia
- Sangath, H No 451 (168) Bhatkar Waddo, Porvorim, Socorro 403501, India.
| | - Bhargav Bhat
- Sangath, H No 451 (168) Bhatkar Waddo, Porvorim, Socorro 403501, India
| | - Sanju George
- Sangath, H No 451 (168) Bhatkar Waddo, Porvorim, Socorro 403501, India
| | - Abhijit Nadkarni
- Sangath, H No 451 (168) Bhatkar Waddo, Porvorim, Socorro 403501, India
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Jaisoorya TS, Beena KV, Beena M, Ellangovan K, Thennarassu K, Bowden-Jones H, Benegal V, George S. Do High School Students in India Gamble? A Study of Problem Gambling and Its Correlates. J Gambl Stud 2017; 33:449-460. [PMID: 27807640 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies from the West suggest that significant numbers of high school students gamble, despite it being illegal in this age group. To date, there have been no studies on the prevalence of gambling among senior high school and higher secondary school students in India. This study reports point prevalence of gambling and its psychosocial correlates among high school students in the State of Kerala, India. 5043 high school students in the age group 15-19 years, from 73 schools, were selected by cluster random sampling from the district of Ernakulam, Kerala, South India. They completed questionnaires that assessed gambling, substance use, psychological distress, suicidality, and symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Of a total of 4989 completed questionnaires, 1400 (27.9 %) high school students reported to have ever gambled and 353 (7.1 %) were problem gamblers. Of those who had ever gambled, 25.2 % were problem gamblers. Sports betting (betting on cricket and football) was the most popular form of gambling followed by the lottery. Problem gamblers when compared with non-problem gamblers and non-gamblers were significantly more likely to be male, have academic failures, have higher rates of lifetime alcohol and tobacco use, psychological distress, suicidality, history of sexual abuse and higher ADHD symptom scores. Gambling among adolescents in India deserves greater attention, as one in four students who ever gambled was a problem gambler and because of its association with a range of psychosocial variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Jaisoorya
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560 029, India.
| | - K V Beena
- National Rural Health Mission, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - M Beena
- National Rural Health Mission, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - K Ellangovan
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - K Thennarassu
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560 029, India
| | | | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Sarkar S, Singh Balhara YP, Parmar A, Rajhans P. A study of pathological gambling and its correlates among patients seeking treatment for substance use disorders in North India. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2017.1378742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arpit Parmar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Rajhans
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kam SM, Wong ILK, So EMT, Un DKC, Chan CHW. Gambling behavior among Macau college and university students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:2. [PMID: 28435769 PMCID: PMC5380714 DOI: 10.1186/s40405-017-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This survey investigated gambling behavior among Chinese students studying in Macau colleges and universities. It also aimed to examine the relationship between problem gambling, affect states and sensation seeking propensity. A convenience sample of 999 students (370 men, 629 women) filled a self-administered questionnaire consisted of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) (Ferris and Wynne in The Canadian problem gambling index: User manual. Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, Toronto 2001a), the 8-item Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8) (Hoyle et al. Pers Individ Diff 32(3): 401–414, 2002), Bradburn’s Affect Balance Scale (BABS) (Bradburn in The structure of psychological well-being. Aldine, Chicago 1969) and questions on gambling activities. The response rate is 65%. Results indicate 32.3% (n = 323) of the survey participants wagered on mahjong (61.8%), soccer matches (40.2%), Mark Six lottery (37.2%), card games (28.1%), land-based casino gambling (13.1%), slot machines (7.5%) and online casino games (2.0%). The average monthly stake was MOP $411. Seeking entertainment (18.7%), killing time (12.5%) and peer influence (11.1%) were the three main reasons for gambling. Using the PGSI, 3.6 and 5.3% of the students could be identified as moderate-risk and problem gamblers respectively. Men were significantly more vulnerable to gambling problems (X2(1) = 35.00, p < 0.01) than women. Most of the problematic gamblers (76%) made their first bet before 14 years. The PGSI scores are significantly correlated with the BSSS-8 scores (r = 0.23, p < 0.01) but not with the overall ABS scores (r = −0.06, p > 0.05). The study findings inform campus prevention programs and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sut Mei Kam
- Yat On Responsible Gambling Counseling Centre, Macau, China
| | - Irene Lai Kuen Wong
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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George S, Velleman R, Nadkarni A. Gambling in India: Past, present and future. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 26:39-43. [PMID: 28483088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gambling has been a popular pastime in ancient and colonial India, and continues to be in modern India. Problem gambling is an important public health issue because of its prevalence, increased risk to certain vulnerable groups and its numerous adverse consequences to the gambler, his/her family and the wider society. In this paper, we present an overview of gambling in ancient and modern India, and also suggest a public health approach aimed at reducing gambling-related harm and associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Velleman
- Sangath Community Health NGO, Goa, India; University of Bath, UK.
| | - Abhijit Nadkarni
- Sangath, Goa, India; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; South London & Maudsley NHS Trust, UK
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Sarin A, Murthy P, Jain S. Addiction and technology: Plus ça change plus c'est la même (The more things change, the more they remain the same). Indian J Psychiatry 2017; 59:236-239. [PMID: 28827875 PMCID: PMC5547869 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_371_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive use of the internet for gambling, gaming and behavioural addiction, are a focus of contemporary interest. The authors delve into the archives to explore the connections between the growth of various forms of technology, commerce, addictive behaviours and responses of the State, in colonial India. The interplay between the growth of the telegraph network in 19th century India, and its influence on various forms of gambling, including speculation on opium prices, and the rain, as a theme of wager make interesting stories, as do the governmental responses to these. Clinical and social responses to information technology raised much the same concerns as they do now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sarin
- Department of Psychiatry, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Black DW. The challenge of conducting gambling research. BJPsych Open 2016; 2:e14-e15. [PMID: 27774274 PMCID: PMC5071644 DOI: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Responding to the survey of 5580 college students in South India in the study of George et al, the author discusses the universality of addictive gambling and its stereotyped nature. This study, together with work in North America and elsewhere, argues for more research that targets prevalence, risk factors, course, and treatment. The author points out the challenge of conducting research when funding is hard to obtain. DECLARATION OF INTERESTS None. COPYRIGHT AND USAGE © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Black
- , MD, Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2-126b Medical Education Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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